Nkhondo yaku America yaku Afghanistan Yatha (pang'ono), Nanga Nanga Iraq - ndi Iran?

At Malo ogulitsira a Bagram, Ogulitsa zidutswa zaku Afghanistani akunyamula kale m'manda a zida zankhondo zaku US zomwe zidalipo mpaka pano likulu lazaka 20 zakulanda dziko lawo ku America. Akuluakulu aku Afghanistan ati asitikali omaliza aku US anazemba kuchokera ku Bagram pakati pausiku, osazindikira kapena kulumikizana.

Anthu a ku Taliban akukulitsa ulamuliro wawo m'maboma mazana, makamaka kudzera pazokambirana pakati pa akulu am'deralo, komanso mokakamiza pomwe asitikali omvera boma la Kabul akukana kusiya malo awo okhala ndi zida.

Masabata angapo apitawa, a Taliban amalamulira kotala la dzikolo. Tsopano ndi gawo lachitatu. Akuyang'anira malo amalire ndi madera akuluakulu ku kumpoto kwa dzikolo. Izi zikuphatikiza madera omwe kale anali malo achitetezo a Mgwirizano Wakumpoto, gulu lankhondo lomwe linalepheretsa a Taliban kuti agwirizanitse dzikolo muulamuliro wawo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.

Anthu abwino padziko lonse lapansi akuyembekeza tsogolo lamtendere kwa anthu aku Afghanistan, koma ntchito yokhayo yomwe United States ingachite pano ndikulipira, mwanjira iliyonse, pazowononga zomwe zidachitika komanso kuwawa imfa zayambitsa. Malingaliro m'magulu andale zaku US komanso atolankhani m'makampani momwe US ​​angapitilize kuphulitsa bomba ndikupha anthu aku Afghanistan "posachedwa" kutha. US ndi boma lake lachidole loipa lidataya nkhondoyi. Tsopano zili kwa anthu aku Afghanistan kuti apange tsogolo lawo.

Nanga bwanji za milandu ina yambiri yaku America, Iraq? Makampani atolankhani aku US amangotchula Iraq pomwe atsogoleri athu asankha mwadzidzidzi kuti pa 150,000 mabomba ndi zoponya zomwe aponya ku Iraq ndi Syria kuyambira 2001 sizinali zokwanira, ndikuponyera ena ochepa mgwirizanowu aku Iran komweko kukasangalatsa ma hawk ena ku Washington popanda kuyambitsa nkhondo ndi Iran.

Koma kwa aku Iraqi okwana 40 miliyoni, komanso aku 40 miliyoni aku Afghans, nkhondo yomenyedwa mopusa kwambiri ku America ndi dziko lawo, osati nkhani wamba yanthawi zina. Iwo akukhala moyo wawo wonse chifukwa cha zovuta zakumapeto kwa nkhondo ya neocons yowononga anthu ambiri.

Achinyamata aku Iraq adapita m'misewu ku 2019 kukatsutsa zaka 16 za boma loipa ndi omwe anali akapolo omwe United States idapereka dziko lawo ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza. Ziwonetserozi za 2019 zimayang'aniridwa ndi ziphuphu komanso kulephera kupereka ntchito ndi ntchito kwa anthu ake, komanso kuzinthu zakunja kwa United States ndi Iran pamaboma onse aku Iraq kuyambira pomwe 2003 idawukira.

Boma latsopano lidapangidwa mu Meyi 2020, lotsogozedwa ndi Prime Minister waku Britain-Iraq a Mustafa al-Kadhimi, yemwe kale anali mtsogoleri wa Intelligence Service ku Iraq, asanafike, mtolankhani komanso mkonzi wa tsamba laku US la Al-Monitor Arab. Ngakhale anali waku Western, al-Kadhimi adayambitsa kafukufuku wokhudza kubedwa kwa $ Biliyoni 150 m'mene amapeza ku Iraq ndi oyang'anira maboma am'mbuyomu, omwe anali akapolo ochokera kumadzulo monga iye. Ndipo akuyenda mzere wabwino kuti ayesere kupulumutsa dziko lake, zitatha zonsezi, kuti akhale mtsogoleri wankhondo yatsopano yaku US ku Iran.

Ndege zaposachedwa kwambiri zaku US zalowera achitetezo aku Iraq omwe adayitanitsa Magulu Otchuka Othandizira (PMF), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014 kuti ilimbane ndi Islamic State (IS), gulu lachipembedzo lopotozedwa lomwe lidapangidwa ndi lingaliro la US, patadutsa zaka khumi kuchokera pa 9/11, kuti atuluke ndi mkono Al Qaeda pankhondo yaku Western yolimbana ndi Syria.

Ma PMF tsopano ali ndi asitikali pafupifupi 130,000 m'magulu 40 kapena kupitilira apo. Ambiri adalembedwa maphwando ndi magulu andale aku Iraq aku Iran, koma ndi gawo limodzi mwa magulu ankhondo aku Iraq ndipo amadziwika kuti akuchita nawo gawo lalikulu pankhondo yolimbana ndi IS.

Atolankhani aku Western akuimira ma PMF ngati magulu ankhondo omwe Iran itha kuyatsa ngati chida chomenyera United States, koma mayunitsiwa ali ndi zokonda zawo komanso zisankho. Pamene Iran yayesa kuthetsa mikangano ndi United States, sizinakhalepo nthawi zonse kuwongolera ma PMF. General Haider al-Afghani, wamkulu wa Iran Revolutionary Guard yemwe amayang'anira kulumikizana ndi PMF, posachedwapa anapempha kusamutsa ochokera ku Iraq, akudandaula kuti ma PMF samusamala.

Chiyambireni kuphedwa kwa US General Soleimani waku Iran ndi wamkulu wa PMF a Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis mu Januware 2020, ma PMF atsimikiza mtima kukakamiza gulu lomaliza la US kuti lichoke ku Iraq. Pambuyo pa kuphedwa kumeneku, Nyumba Yamalamulo Ya Iraq idapereka chigamulo chofuna asitikali aku US kuti achoke ku Iraq. Kutsatira kuwukira kwa ndege yaku US motsutsana ndi mayunitsi a PMF mu February, Iraq ndi United States adagwirizana koyambirira kwa Epulo kuti asitikali ankhondo aku US atero kunyamuka posachedwa.

Koma palibe tsiku lomwe lakhazikitsidwa, palibe mgwirizano wosainidwa womwe wasainidwa, aku Iraq ambiri sakhulupirira kuti asitikali aku US achoka, komanso sakhulupirira boma la Kadhimi kuti lionetsetsa kuti anyamuka. Pakapita nthawi popanda mgwirizano, akuluakulu ena a PMF akana kuyitanitsa bata kuchokera kuboma lawo ndi Iran, ndikuwonjezera kuwukira kwa asitikali aku US.

Nthawi yomweyo, a Vienna akukambirana za mgwirizano wa zida za nyukiliya wa JCPOA zadzetsa mantha pakati pa oyang'anira a PMF kuti Iran itha kuwapereka ngati mgwirizano pazokambirana za nyukiliya zomwe zidakambirananso ndi United States.

Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupulumuka, oyang'anira a PMF akuchulukirachulukira Odziimira waku Iran, ndipo alumikizana kwambiri ndi Prime Minister Kadhimi. Izi zikuwonetsedwa pakupezekapo kwa Kadhimi pamsonkhano waukulu pagulu lankhondo mu June 2021 kukondwerera tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la PMF kukhazikitsidwa.

Tsiku lotsatira, US idaphulitsa bomba la PMF ku Iraq ndi Syria, ndikudzudzula Kadhimi ndi nduna yake ngati kuphwanya ulamuliro wa Iraq. Atachita ziwonetsero zobwezera, PMF yalengeza zakumapeto kwa nkhondo pa June 29th, mwachiwonekere kuti ipatse Kadhimi nthawi yambiri kuti amalize mgwirizano wosiya. Koma masiku asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pake, ena mwa iwo adayambiranso rocket ndi drone pazowukira ku US.

Pomwe a Trump adabwezera pomwe ziwombankhanga zaku Iraq zidapha anthu aku America, mkulu wina ku US awulula kuti Biden watero adatsitsa bala, akuwopseza kuti ayankha ndi ma eyelikirisi ngakhale asitikali aku Iraq asadzavulaze US.

Koma kunyanyala kwa ndege zaku US kungoyambitsa mikangano komanso kuwonjezeka kwa magulu ankhondo aku Iraq. Ngati magulu ankhondo aku US ayankha ndi ndege zowonjezereka kapena zolemera, PMF ndi othandizira ku Iran kudera lonselo atha kuyankha ndikuwukira kofala pamabwalo aku US. Izi zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti akambirane mgwirizano weniweni wochoka, Kadhimi azikakamizidwa kuchokera ku PMF, ndi magulu ena amtundu wa Iraq, kuti asonyeze asitikali aku US khomo.

Malingaliro aboma kupezeka kwa US, komanso magulu ophunzitsira a NATO ku Iraq Kurdistan, ndikuti Islamic State ikugwirabe ntchito. Wophulitsa wodzipha anapha anthu 32 ku Baghdad mu Januware, ndipo IS akadali ndi pempho lamphamvu kwa achinyamata oponderezedwa mchigawochi komanso dziko lachiSilamu. Kulephera, katangale ndi kupondereza maboma motsatizana kwa 2003 ku Iraq kwapereka nthaka yachonde.

Koma United States ili ndi chifukwa china chosungitsira magulu ankhondo ku Iraq, ngati malo oyambira pankhondo yolimbana ndi Iran. Izi ndizomwe Kadhimi akuyesera kupewa posintha asitikali aku US ndi NATO motsogozedwa ndi Denmark ntchito yophunzitsa ku Kurdistan yaku Iraq. Ntchitoyi ikukulitsidwa kuyambira 500 mpaka osachepera magulu 4,000, opangidwa ndi asitikali aku Danish, Britain ndi Turkey.

Ngati Biden mwachangu adayanjananso ndi JCPOA Pangano la nyukiliya ndi Iran atayamba kugwira ntchito, mikangano ikadatsika pofika pano, ndipo asitikali aku US aku Iraq atha kukhala kuti ali kale kunyumba. M'malo mwake, Biden mosazindikira anameza mapiritsi a poizoni a mfundo zaku Iran ku Iran pogwiritsa ntchito "kukakamiza kwambiri" ngati njira yodzipezera, kukulitsa nyama yankhuku yopanda malire yomwe United States singapambane - njira yomwe Obama adayamba kuigwetsa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo kusaina JCPOA.

Kuchotsedwa kwa US ku Iraq ndi JCPOA kulumikizidwa, mbali ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa ubale pakati pa US-Irani ndikuthana ndi zomwe US ​​akuchita ndikukaniza kulowererapo ku Middle East. Gawo lachitatu lakhazikika komanso lamtendere ndi mgwirizano pakati pa Iran ndi Saudi Arabia, momwe Iraq ya Kadhimi ikusewera udindo wofunikira monga mkhalapakati wamkulu.

Tsogolo la mgwirizano wanyukiliya waku Iran silikudziwikabe. Kuzungulira kwachisanu ndi chiwiri kwa zokambirana ku shuttle ku Vienna kwatha pa Juni 20, ndipo palibe tsiku lomwe lidayikidwenso kuzungulira kwachisanu ndi chiwiri. Kudzipereka kwa Purezidenti Biden kuti abwererenso mgwirizanowu kumawoneka kosatekeseka kuposa kale, ndipo Purezidenti Wosankhidwa Raisi waku Iran alengeza kuti salola anthu aku America kuti apitilize kukambirana.

In kuyankhulana pa Juni 25, Secretary of State wa United States Blinken adalimbikitsa anthuwo powopseza kuti atulutsa zokambiranazo. Anatinso kuti ngati Iran ipitiliza kupititsa patsogolo ma centrifuge apamwamba kwambiri, zikhala zovuta kuti United States ibwererenso kumgwirizano wapachiyambi. Atafunsidwa ngati United States ingachokere pazokambirana kapena liti, adati, "Sindingathe kulemba tsiku, koma likuyandikira."

Chomwe chikuyenera kukhala "kuyandikira" ndi kuchotsedwa kwa asitikali aku US ku Iraq. Pomwe Afghanistan akuwonetsedwa ngati "nkhondo yayitali kwambiri" yomwe United States idamenya, asitikali aku US akhala akuphulitsa bomba la Iraq ku 26 wazaka 30 zapitazi. Chowona kuti asitikali aku US akupitilizabe "ndege zodzitchinjiriza" zaka 18 kuchokera pomwe 2003 idawukira komanso pafupifupi zaka khumi kuyambira pomwe nkhondo idatha, zikutsimikizira momwe kulowererapo kwa asitikali aku US kudaliri.

Biden zikuwoneka kuti adaphunzira ku Afghanistan kuti US silingaphulitse njira yamtendere kapena kukhazikitsa maboma azidole aku US mwakufuna kwawo. Ataponyedwa ndi atolankhani kuti a Taliban alamulidwa pomwe asitikali aku US achoka, Biden anayankha,

"Kwa iwo omwe anena kuti tizingokhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka chimodzi chokha, ndiwafunsa kuti aganizire zomwe taphunzira m'mbiri yaposachedwa… Pafupifupi zaka 20 zokumana nazo zatiwonetsa, ndipo chitetezo chamakono chikungotsimikizira, ' chaka chimodzi chokha 'chomenyera nkhondo ku Afghanistan siyothetsera vuto koma njira yokhazikitsira komweko kwamuyaya. Ndi ufulu komanso udindo wa anthu aku Afghanistan okha kusankha zamtsogolo ndi momwe akufuna kuyendetsera dziko lawo. ”

Maphunziro omwewo amagwiranso ntchito ku Iraq. A US adayambitsa kale imfa yambiri ndi kuzunzika kwa anthu aku Iraq, kuwononga ambiri ake mizinda yokongola, ndipo adayambitsa ziwawa zazipembedzo zambiri komanso kutengeka mtima KWAMBIRI. Monga kutsekedwa kwa malo akuluakulu a Bagram ku Afghanistan, Biden ayenera kuthana ndi maboma ena otsala ku Iraq ndikubweretsa asitikali kunyumba.

Anthu aku Iraq ali ndi ufulu wofanana wosankha tsogolo lawo monga anthu aku Afghanistan, ndipo mayiko onse aku Middle East ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndiudindo wokhala mwamtendere, osawopsezedwa ndi mabomba aku America ndi zoponya zawo nthawi zonse ana awo mitu.

Tikuyembekeza kuti Biden aphunzira phunziro lina la mbiriyakale: kuti United States iyenera kusiya kuwukira mayiko ena.

Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.