Nchifukwa chiyani njira ina yopezera chitetezo chapadziko lonse ndi yofunika komanso yofunikira?

Pamene dziko loyamba lidayamba kupanga dziko lakale, iwo adakumana ndi vuto lomwe tangoyamba kuthetsa. Ngati gulu lamtendere likuyang'aniridwa ndi zida zankhondo, zachiwawa, zinkakhala ndi zisankho zitatu zokha: kupereka, kuthawa, kapena kutsanzira ndondomeko ya nkhondo-komanso chiyembekezo chogonjetsa nkhondo. Mwa njirayi mayiko ena adagonjetsedwa ndi magulu a asilikali ndipo akhalabe choncho. Anthu adadzitsekera mkati mwachitsulo chachitsulo cha nkhondo. Kusamvana kunasanduka militized. Nkhondo ndi nkhondo yothandizira komanso yogwirizana pakati pa magulu omwe amachititsa anthu ochulukirapo. Nkhondo imatanthawuza, monga momwe John Horgan ananenera, nkhondo, chikhalidwe cha nkhondo, magulu, zida, mafakitale, ndondomeko, mapulani, malankhulidwe, tsankho, malingaliro omwe amachititsa gulu loopsa likutsutsana osati kokha kokha koma1.

Pa kusintha kwa nkhondo, nkhondo sizili chabe ku mayiko. Wina akhoza kunena za nkhondo zosakanizidwa, kumene nkhondo yachizolowezi, zigawenga, kuzunza ufulu wa anthu ndi mitundu ina ya chiwawa chachikulu chosadziwika chikuchitika2. Anthu omwe sali a boma amachititsa mbali yofunikira kwambiri pa nkhondo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatenga mawonekedwe a nkhondo yotchedwa asymmetric.3

Ngakhale nkhondo zina zimayambitsidwa ndi zochitika zapachilendo, iwo "samatha" pokhapokha. Ndizo zotsatira zosavomerezeka za chikhalidwe cha anthu pofuna kuthetsa nkhondo yapadziko lonse ndipachiweniweni, War System. Cholinga cha nkhondo ndizo Nkhondo Yomwe Yomwe Imakonzekeretsa Dziko Lapansi kwa Nkhondo Zina.

Zomwe asilikali amachititsa kulikonse zimapangitsa kuti asilikali aziopseza kulikonse.
Jim Haber (Membala wa World Beyond War)

Nkhondo Yachiwawa imakhala mbali imodzi ya zikhulupiliro ndi zikhulupiliro zomwe zakhala zikuzungulira motalika kotero kuti zowona ndi zowona zimatengedwa mopepuka ndipo zimapita makamaka zopanda umboni, ngakhale ziri zabodza.4 Pakati pa zida zankhondo zamtundu wa War System ndizo:

• Nkhondo imapewa; ife nthawizonse takhala tiri nazo izo ndipo nthawizonse tidzatero.
• Nkhondo ndi "chibadwa chaumunthu."
• Nkhondo ndi yofunika.
• Nkhondo ndi yopindulitsa.
• Dziko lapansi ndi "malo owopsa."
• Dziko lapansi ndimasewero ambiri (zomwe inu simungathe kukhala nazo komanso mosiyana ndi ena, ndipo wina nthawi zonse amalamulira, atiposa ife ".")
• Tili ndi "adani."

Tiyenera kusiya malingaliro osamvetsetseka, mwachitsanzo, nkhondo idzakhalapo nthawi zonse, kuti tipitirizebe kumenya nkhondo ndikukhalabe, komanso kuti ndife osiyana komanso osagwirizana.
Robert Dodge (Komiti ya Board, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation)

Ndondomeko ya nkhondo imaphatikizanso zipangizo zamakono ndi zida. Ndilimbikitsidwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu ndipo mbali zake zosiyanasiyana zimadyetserana kuti zikhale zamphamvu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko ochepa olemera amapanga zida zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhondo zapadziko lonse, ndipo amavomereza kuti amatha kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kochitidwa ndi zida zomwe agulitsa kapena kupereka kwa mayiko osauka kapena magulu osauka.5

Nkhondo ndizokonzekera bwino, zowonongeka zokonzekera za mphamvu zomwe zakonzedweratu nthawi yayitali ndi Nkhondo Yomwe Imayendetsedwa m'mabungwe onse a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States (chitsanzo cholimba cha gulu la nkhondo), sikuti pali magulu okhazikitsa nkhondo monga nthambi yoyang'anira boma komwe mkulu wa boma ndi mkulu wa asilikali, gulu la asilikali (Army , Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard) ndi CIA, NSA, Security Homeland, m'mayiko ambiri a nkhondo, koma nkhondo imamangidwanso mumalonda, kupitiliza chikhalidwe m'masukulu ndi mabungwe achipembedzo, miyambo ya mabanja , olemekezeka pa masewera a masewera, amapanga masewera ndi mafilimu, ndipo amawonetsedwa ndi ma TV. Pafupifupi palibe pamene wina amaphunzira za njira ina.

Chitsanzo chimodzi chokha cha nsanamira imodzi yokha ya chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe ndi kuyitanitsa usilikali. Amayiko amayesetsa kuti alembetse achinyamata ku usilikali, ndipo amatcha "Service." Olemba ntchito amayesetsa kwambiri kuti "Utumiki" ukhale wokongola, wopereka ndalama ndi zokopa za maphunziro ndi kuwonetsa ngati zosangalatsa komanso zachikondi. Zonsezi sizikuwonetsedwa konse. Zojambula zojambula siziwonetsa asilikali olumala ndi ophedwa kapena midzi yowonongeka ndi anthu omwe afa.

Ku US, nthambi zamalonda ndi zofufuza za magulu a zogulitsa zimakhala ndi magalimoto amtundu wamakilomita amodzi omwe amatha kukonzekera nkhondo komanso amayesetsa kuti apeze "zovuta kuti alowe m'sukulu zapamwamba." Zombozi zikuphatikizapo " Asilikali othamanga Semi "," American Soldier Semi "ndi ena.6 Ophunzira akhoza kusewera ndi ma simulators ndi kumenyana ndi nkhondo zamtunda kapena kuuluka kwa Apache ku helikopita ndi kupereka zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zamtunduwu ndikuwongolera. Malori ali pamsewu masiku 230 pachaka. Kufunika kwa nkhondo kumatengedwa mopepuka ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kumapweteka. Wojambula zithunzi dzina lake Nina Berman analemba mwamphamvu kuti Pentagon ikudzikuza kwa anthu a ku America kusiyana ndi malonda ndi ma TV pa TV.7

Ngakhale nkhondo zimayambitsidwa kapena kupitilizidwa popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu ambiri, nkhondo zimabweretsa zina mwamaganizidwe ena osavuta. Maboma akwanitsa kudzipangitsa okha komanso unyinji wa anthu kuti pali mayankho awiri okha kuchitidwe wankhanza: kugonjera kapena kumenya - kulamulidwa ndi "zilombo zija" kapena kuwaphulitsa bomba mu Stone Age. Iwo nthawi zambiri amatchula "Munich Analogy," pomwe mu 1938 aku Britain mopusa adapereka kwa Hitler kenako, dziko lapansi limayenera kulimbana ndi a Nazi. Cholinga chake ndikuti ngati aku Britain "atayimirira" kwa Hitler akadabwerera m'mbuyo ndipo sipakanakhala nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mu 1939 Hitler adaukira Poland ndipo aku Britain adasankha kumenya nkhondo. Anthu makumi khumi anafa.8 "Nkhondo Yowonjezereka" yotentha kwambiri ndi mtundu wa zida za nyukiliya. Mwamwayi, m'zaka za zana la 21, zakhala zikuwonetseratu kuti kupanga nkhondo sikulenga mtendere, ngati milandu ya Gulf Wars, nkhondo ya Afghanistan ndi nkhondo ya Syria / ISIS ikuwonetsa momveka bwino. Talowa m'boma. Kristin Christman, mu "Paradigm For Peace," akulongosola mwa njira yofananamo njira ina, njira yothetsera vuto pa nkhondo yapadziko lonse:

Sitimayendetsa galimoto kuti ipite. Ngati chinachake chinali cholakwika ndi izo, ife tikhoza kudziwa momwe kachitidwe sikanagwire ntchito ndi chifukwa chiyani: Sichikugwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi zimakhala zochepa? Kodi magudumu akuyendayenda mumatope? Kodi bateri amafunika kubwezeretsa? Kodi gasi ndi mpweya zikudutsa? Monga kuyendetsa galimoto, njira yothetsera mikangano yomwe imadalira njira zothetsera nkhondo sizimangoganizira zinthu: Sizimasiyanitsa pakati pa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiwawa ndipo sichiteteza zolinga zakuda ndi zotetezera.9

Titha kuthetsa nkhondo pokhapokha titasintha maganizo, funsani mafunso oyenerera kuti tipeze zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe la wachiwawa, komanso koposa zonse, kuti tiwone ngati khalidwe lake ndilo chimodzi mwa zomwe zimayambitsa. Monga mankhwala, kuchiza zizindikiro za matenda okha sikungachiritse. M'mawu ena, tiyenera kulingalira tisanatulutse mfuti. Cholinga cha mtendere chimachita zimenezo.

Nkhondo Yachiwawa siigwira ntchito. Sichibweretsa mtendere, kapena ngakhale chitetezo chochepa. Chimene chimapanga ndi kusatetezeka pakati. Komabe timapitirira.

Nkhondo zatha; mu Nkhondo Yonse aliyense ayenera kusamala ndi wina aliyense. Dziko lapansi ndi malo owopsa chifukwa Nkhondo ya nkhondo imapanga choncho. Ndi maboma a Hobbes "onse omwe amatsutsana nawo onse." Amitundu amakhulupirira kuti ndizo zowonongeka ndi zoopsezedwa ndi amitundu ena, zowona kuti mphamvu za ena zidafuna kuti ziwonongeke, koma osadziwona zolakwa zawo, kuti zochita zawo kupanga khalidwe lomwe amawopa ndi mkono, monga adani kukhala magalasi zithunzi za wina ndi mzake. Zitsanzo zowonjezereka: nkhondo yosagwirizana ndi Aarabu ndi Israeli, nkhondo ya ku India-Pakistan, nkhondo ya ku America kuopseza yomwe imayambitsa magulu ambiri. Mbali iliyonse imayendetsa malo okwera kwambiri. Mbali iliyonse imaipitsa wina pamene ikuponyera phindu lake lapadera ku chitukuko. Kuwonjezeka kwa izi ndizopikisana ndi mchere, makamaka mafuta, monga mayiko amatsatira chitsanzo chachuma cha kukula kosatha ndi kuledzera kwa mafuta10. Kuwonjezera apo, mkhalidwe umenewu wa kusakhazikika kwa nthawi zonse umapatsa olemekezeka olemekezeka ndi atsogoleri kukhala ndi mwayi wotsata mphamvu zandale polimbikitsa mantha ambiri, ndipo amapereka mwayi waukulu kwa opanga zida omwe amathandizira ndale zomwe zimayaka moto.11

Mwa njirayi, nkhondoyi imadzipangitsa kudzikonda, kudzimangiriza ndi kudzipangira. Kukhulupirira kuti dziko ndi malo owopsa, mayiko amadzikaniza okha ndikuchita mwamtendere mu mkangano, motero amatsimikizira kwa mayiko ena kuti dziko lapansi ndi malo owopsa ndipo kotero iwo ayenera kukhala ndi zida ndi kuchita chimodzimodzi. Cholinga chake ndi kuopseza nkhanza zankhondo pamtendere chifukwa choyembekeza kuti "zidzasokoneza" mbali ina, koma izi sizilephera nthawi zonse, ndipo cholingacho sichitha kupewa mkangano, koma kuti chipambane. Njira zina zopita ku nkhondo zina sizikufunidwa mozama ndi lingaliro lakuti pangakhale njira yotsutsana nayo Nkhondo yokha yomwe sizingachitike konse kwa anthu. Mmodzi samapeza chimene wina safuna.

Sichikwanira kuthetsa nkhondo inayake kapena zida zina ngati tikufuna mtendere. Chikhalidwe chonse cha nkhondoyi chiyenera kusinthidwa ndi njira yosiyana yothetsera mikangano. Mwamwayi, monga tidzaonera, dongosolo ili likukula kale mu dziko lenileni.

Nkhondo Yachitatu ndi kusankha. Chipata ku khola lachitsulo ndikutseguka ndipo tikhoza kutuluka nthawi zonse tikasankha.

Ubwino wa Njira Yina

Mapindu ndi awa: Kupha misala ndi kupunduka, osakhalanso ndi mantha, osakhalanso ndi chisoni chifukwa choferedwa okondedwa awo mu nkhondo, palibe madola mamiliyoni ambiri omwe amawonongedwa pa chiwonongeko ndi kukonzekera chiwonongeko, kusakhalanso kuwononga ndi chiwonongeko cha chilengedwe chomwe chimachokera ku nkhondo ndikukonzekera nkhondo, osakhalanso ndi mpikisano wokamenyana ndi nkhondo komanso zovuta zothandizira nkhondo, sipadzakhalanso chiwonongeko cha demokarasi ndi ufulu wa anthu monga boma ndi kukhazikitsa chinsinsi poyendetsedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhondo, osakhalanso opweteka ndi kufa chifukwa cha zida zatsalira kale nkhondo.

Ambiri mwa anthu ochokera m'mitundu yonse amasankha kukhala mwamtendere. Pakatikatikati mwa umunthu wathu, anthu amadana ndi nkhondo. Kaya tili ndi chikhalidwe chanji, timakhala ndi chikhumbo cha moyo wabwino, omwe ambirife timafotokoza monga kukhala ndi banja, kulera ana ndikuwoneka akukula kukhala akulu akulu, ndikuchita ntchito yomwe timapeza yofunikira. Ndipo nkhondo imadodometsa zilakolako zimenezo.
Dzanja la Judith (Wolemba)

Anthu amasankha mtendere pa maziko a chifaniziro chawo cha momwe angakhalire komanso malo abwino omwe amakhalamo. Chithunzichi chingakhale chosamveka ngati loto kapena cholondola monga cholinga kapena ndondomeko ya ntchito. Ngati mtendere umalimbikitsa kutsogolo kwa tsogolo labwino, lodalirika ndi lokongola la anthu, vuto lomwe liri bwino mwa njira zina kuposa zomwe zilipo tsopano, ndiye chithunzichi chidzakhala cholinga chomwe chimachititsa anthu kukwaniritsa. Sikuti anthu onse amakopeka ndi lingaliro la mtendere.
Luc Reychler (Peace Scientist)

Kufunika kwa Njira Yina - Nkhondo imalephera kubweretsa mtendere

Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse inali yolondola monga "nkhondo yothetsa nkhondo," koma nkhondo siibweretsa mtendere. Zingabweretse vuto laling'ono, chilakolako chobwezera, ndi mtundu watsopano wa nkhondo mpaka nkhondo yotsatira.

Nkhondo ndiyo, pachiyambi, chiyembekezo kuti wina adzakhala bwino; Chotsatira chiyembekezero choti munthu winayo ayamba kuipa kwambiri; ndiye kukhutira kuti iye sali bwino kulikonse; ndipo, pomalizira pake, kudabwa kwa anthu onse kukuipiraipira. "
Karl Kraus (Wolemba)

Mwachizoloŵezi, kuchepera kwa chiwerengero cha nkhondo ndi makumi asanu peresenti - ndiko kuti, mbali imodzi imataya nthawi zonse. Koma mwazinthu zenizeni, ngakhale omwe amatchedwa otonjetsa amatenga kuwonongeka kwakukulu.

Kutaya kwa nkhondo12

Anthu ophedwa pankhondo ndi ochuluka kwambiri kuposa akufa enieni. Ngakhale pali kutsutsana pakati pa anthu omwe amayesa kuyesa nkhondo, timachenjeza kuti tisagwirizane ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa, chifukwa ndiko kusokoneza ndalama zomwe anthu amakumana nazo panthawi ya nkhondo. Timalimbikitsa kuti lingaliro lokhalanso lophatikizana la nkhondo zakupha limasonyeza zotsatira zoopsya. Nkhondo yowonongeka ya nkhondo iyenera kuphatikizapo imfa yeniyeni ndi yeniyeni. Anthu osalunjika omwe amachitira nkhondo akhoza kutengera zotsatirazi:

• Kuonongeka kwa zowonongeka

• Mabomba okwirira

• Kugwiritsira ntchito uranium yatha

• Othaŵa kwawo komanso anthu omwe achoka kwawo

• Kusadya zakudya m'thupi

• Matenda

• Kusayeruzika

• Kupha anthu m'kati

• Akugwiriridwa ndi mitundu ina ya nkhanza za kugonana

• Kusalungama kwa anthu

Mu June 2016, bungwe la United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) linati "nkhondo ndi kuzunzidwa zathamangitsa anthu ambiri ku nyumba zawo kusiyana ndi nthawi iliyonse kuyambira pamene UNHCR yalemba". Onse okwana 65.3 miliyoni adasamukira kwawo kumapeto kwa 2015.13

Pokhapokha kugonjetsedwa kwa nkhondo "yosalunjika" kotereku monga kuwonongeka kwenikweni kungagwiritsidwe ntchito nthano ya nkhondo "yoyera," "opaleshoni" ndi nthenda zochepa zowonongeka.

Zowonongeka pazitukuko sizolingana, zofunidwa ndi zosawerengedwa
Kathy Kelly

Komanso, kumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri zoyambirira, nkhondo zikuwoneka kuti sizatha, koma kukukoka popanda chidziwitso kwa zaka ndi zaka makumi angapo popanda mtendere ukupezeka. Nkhondo sizigwira ntchito. Iwo amapanga boma la nkhondo yosatha, kapena zomwe akatswiri ena akuyitana panopa. M'zaka zapitazi za 120 dziko lapansi lakumana ndi nkhondo zambiri monga mndandanda wotsatirawu ukuwonetsa:

Nkhondo ya ku America, nkhondo ya ku Balkan, Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, Nkhondo Yachiwawa ku Russia, Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni ya ku Spain, Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko, nkhondo ya Korea, Nkhondo ya Vietnam, nkhondo ku Central America, Nkhondo za Yugoslav Devolution, Woyamba ndi Nkhondo yachiŵiri ya Congo Wars, nkhondo ya Iran-Iraq, Gulf Wars, nkhondo za Soviet ndi US ku Afghanistan, nkhondo ya Iraq ku Iraq, nkhondo ya Siriya, ndi ena osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo Japan ndi China ku 1937, nkhondo yandale ku Colombia (inatha mu 2016) ndi nkhondo ku Sudan, Etiopia ndi Eritrea, nkhondo za Aarabu ndi Israeli (nkhondo zovuta pakati pa Israeli ndi asilikali a Aarabu), Pakistan ndi India, ndi zina zotero.

Nkhondo Yakhala Yowonongeka Kwambiri

Ndalama za nkhondo ziri zazikulu pa umunthu, chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Anthu mamiliyoni khumi anamwalira mu Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse, 50 kwa 100 miliyoni m'Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Nkhondo yayamba mu 2003 inapha anthu asanu pa anthu onse ku Iraq. Zida za nyukiliya zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zithera kapena zamoyo pa dziko lapansi. Mu nkhondo zamakono si asilikali okha omwe amafa pankhondo. Lingaliro la "nkhondo yonse" linapereka chiwonongeko kwa osakhala akumenyeronso, kotero kuti lero ambiri ochulukirapo-akazi, ana, amuna achikulire-amafa mu nkhondo kuposa asilikali. Zakhala zachizoloŵezi zankhondo zamakono kuti zisankhe mvula yamkuntho yambiri pamidzi yomwe anthu ochulukirapo akuyesera kuti apulumuke.

Malinga ngati nkhondo ikuwoneka ngati oipa, idzakhala yosangalatsa nthawi zonse. Pamene izo zikuwoneka ngati zonyansa, izo zidzatha kukhala otchuka.
Oscar Wilde (Wolemba ndi Wolemba ndakatulo)

Nkhondo imanyoza ndi kuononga zachilengedwe zomwe chitukuko chimapuma. Kukonzekera nkhondo kumapanga ndi kutulutsa matani a mankhwala oopsa. Malo Ambiri Ambiri Ambiri Ambiri Amaphunziro Ambiri Ambiri ku US amapezeka kumadoko. Zida zakuda za nyukiliya monga Fernald ku Ohio ndi Hanford ku Washington State zakhala zikuwononga madzi ndi madzi omwe amatayidwa ndi radioactive omwe akhala akupha kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Nkhondo ya nkhondo imasiya malo masauzande ambirimbiri opanda ntchito ndi owopsa chifukwa cha nthaka, zida zankhondo za uranium, ndi mabomba okwera mabomba omwe amadzaza madzi ndi kukhala malungo omwe amadzaza. Zida zamakono zimawononga mathithi a pulaforest ndi mangrove. Asilikali amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo ndipo amatulutsa mpweya wambiri.

Mu 2015, chiwawa chikuwononga dziko la $ 13.6 trillion kapena $ 1,876 kwa munthu aliyense padziko lapansi. Njirayi yoperekedwa ndi Institute of Economics and Peace mu 2016 Global Peace Index ikuwonetsa kuti kuwonongeka kwachuma "kulibe ndalama komanso ndalama zowonjezera mtendere ndi kukhazikitsa mtendere".14 Malinga ndi Mel Duncan, wothandizira mgwirizano wa Nonviolent Peaceforce, mtengo wa wogwira ntchito wamtendere komanso wosapatsidwa ufulu wa asilikali ndi $ 50,000 pachaka, poyerekeza ndi $ 1 miliyoni zomwe zimapereka okhomera msonkho ku US kwa msilikali ku Afghanistan pachaka.15

Dzikoli likulimbana ndi Mavuto a Chilengedwe

Anthu akukumana ndi mavuto a zachilengedwe padziko lonse omwe nkhondo imatipweteketsa komanso yomwe imachulukitsanso, kuphatikizapo, koma osati kuchepetsa, kusintha kwa chisinthiko chomwe chidzasokoneza ulimi, kuwononga chilala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, kusokoneza matenda, kukweza madzi, kuika mamiliyoni ambiri othawa kwawo kuyendayenda, ndi kusokoneza zachilengedwe zachilengedwe zomwe chitukuko chimapuma. Tiyenera kusintha mofulumira zinthu zomwe zawonongeka poika zinyalala pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto aakulu aumunthu omwe akukumana nawo tsopano.

Kusintha kwa nyengo, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ndi kusowa kwachuma ndizimene zimayambitsa nkhondo ndi chiwawa. Ena amanena za kusintha kwakukulu kwa umphaŵi, chiwawa, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.16 Ngakhale sitiyenera kudzipatula ngati oyambitsa nkhondo, akuyenera kumvedwa ngati zowonjezera - ndipo mwina zofunika kwambiri - zomwe ndi gawo lazandale, ndale, komanso mbiri yankhondo.

Ndikofunika kuti tisiye njira yowopsya yomwe ili yoopsya kwambiri kwa anthu kusiyana ndi zotsatira zenizeni za nkhondo. Kuyambira ndi asilikali ndi sitepe yolondola. Sikuti kokha bajeti yosadziteteza ya asilikali imachotsa zofunikira zambiri zothetsera vutoli. Zomwe zimachititsa kuti asilikali azitha kuwononga zachilengedwe ndizoopsa kwambiri.

Kukulumikiza madontho - kufotokoza zotsatira za nkhondo pa chilengedwe

• Ndege za asilikali zimadya pafupifupi kotala limodzi la mafuta oyendetsa ndege padziko lapansi.
• Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri patsiku kuposa dziko la Sweden.
• Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo imapanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo kusiyana ndi makampani asanu akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makampaniwa.
• Bomba la F-16 lopaka mabomba amathira mafuta oposa ola limodzi pamene oyendetsa okwera kwambiri ku United States amawotcha chaka.
• Msilikali wa ku US amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta okwanira chaka chimodzi kuti azitha kuyendetsa dziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka 22.
• Pa msonkhano wa 1991 pamtunda wa Iraq, US akugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi matani a 340 a zida zomwe zakhala zikupita ku uranium (DU). Panali maulendo apamwamba kwambiri a khansara, zolephereka kubadwa ndi kufa kwa ana ku Fallujah, Iraq ku early 2010.17
• Chiŵerengero chimodzi cha asilikali ku 2003 chinali chakuti magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a magetsi ankhondo anachitika mu magalimoto omwe anali kupereka mafuta ku nkhondo.18

Mu lipoti la Post-2015 Development Agenda, bungwe la UN High Level of People Eminent linanena momveka bwino kuti malonda-monga-mwachizoloŵezi sizinali zoyenera komanso kuti padzakhala kusintha kosinthika kuphatikizapo chitukuko chokhazikika ndi kukhazikitsa mtendere kwa onse.19

Ife sitingathe kupita patsogolo ndi dongosolo loyendetsa nkhondo lomwe limadalira nkhondo mu dziko lomwe lidzakhala ndi anthu 9 biliyoni ndi 2050, kusowa kwakukulu kwa madzi ndi nyengo yovuta yomwe idzasokoneza chuma cha dziko lonse ndi kutumiza mamiliyoni ambiri othawa kwawo . Ngati sitimaliza nkhondo ndikuyang'ana kudziko lapansili, mavuto omwe tikukumana nawo adzalowanso mu mdima wina wamantha komanso wachiwawa.