Nkhondo yaku Afghanistan Yasintha Ma Strike Osavomerezeka

by LA Kupita patsogolo, September 30, 2021

Patatha milungu itatu oyang'anira ake atayambitsa kuwukira kwa drone komwe kunapha anthu 10 ku Kabul, Afghanistan, Purezidenti Joe Biden amalankhula ku United Nations General Assembly. Iye monyadira analengeza, "Ndayima pano lero, koyamba m'zaka 20, United States sili pankhondo." Dzulo, oyang'anira ake anali adayambitsa chiwonetsero cha drone ku Syria, ndipo milungu itatu m'mbuyomo, US idachita ziwonetsero zankhondo ku Somalia. Mtsogoleri wamkuluyo adayiwalanso kuti asitikali aku US akumenyanabe m'maiko osachepera asanu ndi limodzi, kuphatikiza Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Libya, Somalia ndi Niger. Ndipo adalonjeza kupitiliza kuphulitsa bomba ku Afghanistan kuchokera kutali.

Tsoka ilo kuchoka kwa Biden kwa asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan sikunatanthauzenso kwenikweni pofufuzidwa potengera lonjezo la oyang'anira ake kuti "kutsogoloku”Kuukira kudziko lakutali ngakhale sitidzakhala ndi ankhondo pansi.

“Asitikali athu sabwerera kunyumba. Tiyenera kukhala oona mtima pankhaniyi, "a Rep. Tom Malinowski (D-New Jersey) anati paumboni wachipembedzo ndi Secretary of State Antony Blinken koyambirira kwa mwezi uno. "Akungosamukira kumalo ena mdera lomweli kukachita ntchito zomwezi zolimbana ndi uchigawenga, kuphatikiza ku Afghanistan."

Pamene Biden adatulutsa asitikali aku US kuchoka ku Afghanistan, oyang'anira ake adayambitsa chida chowotcha moto kuchokera ku drone yaku US ku Kabul yomwe idapha anthu 10, kuphatikiza ana asanu ndi awiri, kenako nkunama. Wapampando wa Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. a Mark Milley nthawi yomweyo adati ndi "kumenya kolungama”Kuteteza asitikali aku US pomwe akuchoka.

Biden akutsatira mapazi a omwe adamtsogolera anayi, onse omwe adapanganso zigawenga zosaloledwa zomwe zidapha nzika zambiri.

Pafupifupi milungu itatu pambuyo pake, komabe, a kufufuza kwakukulu zoyendetsedwa ndi The New York Times adawulula kuti Zemari Ahmadi anali wogwira ntchito yothandizira ku US, osati wa ISIS, komanso "zophulika" mu Toyota zomwe drone idakhudzidwa ndimabotolo amadzi. A General Frank McKenzie, wamkulu wa US Central Command, ndiye adati kunyanyaku kunali "kulakwitsa kwakukulu"

Kuphedwa kopanda nzika kumeneku sikunachitike mwakamodzi, ngakhale kunadziwika kwambiri kuposa kuwomberedwa kwa drone. Biden akutsatira m'mayendedwe aomwe adamtsogolera, onse omwe adachitanso ziwonetsero zosaloledwa za drone zomwe zidapha nzika zambiri.

Chigamulo cha Kabul drone "chikukayikitsa kudalirika kwa luntha lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita ntchito [zakumapeto]," Times adatchulidwa. Inde, izi sizatsopano. "Nzeru" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ziwonetsero za drone ndi wodziwika kuti ndi wosadalirika.

Mwachitsanzo, a Mapepala a Drone adawulula kuti pafupifupi 90% ya omwe adaphedwa ndi ziwonetsero za drone mkati mwa miyezi isanu m'mwezi wa Januware 2012 mpaka February 2013 sizomwe zidawakakamira. A Daniel Hale, yemwe adawulula zikalata zomwe zili ndi Drone Papers, akukhala m'ndende miyezi 45 chifukwa chowulula umboni wazamenya nkhondo zaku US.

Drone Strikes Yoyendetsedwa ndi Bush, Obama, Trump ndi Biden Adapha Anthu Osawerengeka

Ma Drones samapangitsa kuti anthu wamba azivulala kuposa owombera bomba. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chidziwitso chazankhondo, chochitidwa ndi Larry Lewis wochokera ku Center for Naval Analyzes ndi Sarah Holewinski wa Center for Civilians in Conflict, apezeka kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma drones ku Afghanistan kunapha anthu opitilira 10 kuposa anthu wamba kuposa ndege zoyendetsa ndege.

Ziwerengerozi mwina ndizotsika chifukwa asitikali aku US amawona kuti anthu onse omwe aphedwa pantchitoyi ndi "adani omwe aphedwa pomwe akuchita." A George W. Bush, a Barack Obama, a Donald Trump ndi a Biden onse adatsogolera zigawenga zomwe zidapha anthu osawerengeka.

Chitsamba ovomerezeka zigawenga pafupifupi 50 zomwe zidapha anthu 296 omwe akuti ndi "zigawenga" komanso anthu wamba aku 195 ku Yemen, Somalia ndi Pakistan.

Otsogolera a Obama adachita 10 imawomba kwambiri ma drone kuposa amene adamutsatira. Pamaudindo awiri a Obama, adaloleza kunyanyala 563 - makamaka ndi ma drones - ku Somalia, Pakistan ndi Yemen, kupha anthu wamba pakati pa 384 ndi 807, malinga ndi Bureau of Investigative Journalism.

Trump, yemwe adamasula a Obama malamulo owunikira, anaphulitsa mayiko onse omwe Obama anali nawo, Malinga ndi A Micah Zenko, omwe anali akulu akulu ku Council on Foreign Relations. Pazaka ziwiri zoyambirira za Trump muudindo, adakhazikitsa Zotsatira za 2,243 zimagwera, poyerekeza ndi 1,878 m'maudindo awiri a Obama. Popeza oyang'anira a Trump anali zochepa kuposa zomwe zikubwera ndi ziwerengero zolondola zakufa kwa anthu wamba, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe anaphedwa pa wotchi yake.

Ma Drones amayenda pamwamba pamatawuni kwa maola ambiri, akumveka phokoso lomwe imawopseza madera, makamaka ana. Amadziwa kuti drone amatha kuwaponyera bomba nthawi iliyonse. CIA idakhazikitsa "kachipangizo kawiri," kutumiza drone kuti iphe omwe akufuna kupulumutsa ovulalawo. Ndipo mu chomwe chiyenera kutchedwa "matepi apatatu," nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi anthu pamaliro akulira okondedwa awo omwe aphedwa ndi ziwombankhanga. M'malo motipangitsa kuti tisatengeke ndi uchigawenga, kupha kumeneku kumapangitsa anthu m'maiko ena kuipidwa ndi United States.

Drone Strikes Pa "Nkhondo Yachiwopsezo" Ndizosavomerezeka

Kuukira kwa Drone komwe kunachitika pa "nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga" ndikosaloledwa. Ngakhale Biden adalonjeza mukulankhula kwake ku General Assembly kuti "adzagwiritsa ntchito ndikulimbikitsa… UN Charter" ndipo adalonjeza "kutsatira malamulo ndi mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi," zigamulo zake za drone, komanso zam'mbuyomu, zimaphwanya Mgwirizano ndi Misonkhano Yaku Geneva.

Kuukira kwa asitikali aku US ndi CIA kwakupha anthu pafupifupi 9,000 mpaka 17,000 kuyambira 2004, kuphatikiza ana 2,200 ndi nzika zingapo zaku US.

UN Charter imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo kumayiko ena kupatula pokhapokha podzitchinjiriza malinga ndi Article 51. Pa Ogasiti 29, ndege yaku US itapha anthu wamba ku Kabul, US Central Command idatcha "chitetezo chodzitchinjiriza chosasunthika pamlengalenga. ” Central Command idati kunyanyalaku kunali koyenera kuti zisawonongeke pafupi ndi eyapoti ya Kabul ndi ISIS.

Koma Khothi Lachilungamo Ladziko Lonse lati mayiko sangathe kuyitanitsa Nkhani 51 motsutsana ndi ziwopsezo za omwe siaboma omwe sanachitike kudziko lina. ISIS ikusemphana ndi a Taliban. Kuukira kwa ISIS sikuyenera kuimbidwa mlandu ndi a Taliban, omwe amalamuliranso Afghanistan.

Kunja kwa madera ankhanza, "kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones kapena njira zina zakupha sizingakhale zovomerezeka," Agnès Callamard, rapporteur wapadera wa UN pa milandu yopanda chilungamo, kufupikitsa kapena kupha anthu mopanda chilungamo, tweeted. Adalemba kuti "owopsa mwadala kapena owopsa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali zofunikira kutetezera ku chiwopsezo cha moyo."

Anthu wamba sangakhale ovomerezeka mwalamulo pankhondo. Zolinga kapena kuphedwa kwandale, komwe kumatchedwanso kuweruza kwina, kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Kupha mwadala ndikuphwanya kwakukulu Misonkhano Yaku Geneva yomwe imaweruzidwa ngati mlandu wankhondo motsogozedwa ndi US War Crimes Act. Kupha anthu omwe akuwatsatira ndi kololeka kokha ngati kukufunika kutchinjiriza moyo, ndipo palibe njira ina - kuphatikiza kugwidwa kapena kulephera kupha - yomwe ilipo kuti iteteze moyo.

Lamulo lothandiza anthu padziko lonse lapansi likufuna kuti magulu ankhondo akagwiritsidwa ntchito, akuyenera kutsatira zonse ziwiri kusiyana ndi kufanana. Kusiyanitsa kumalimbikitsa kuti kuukira kuyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa omenyera nkhondo ndi anthu wamba. Kuchulukana kumatanthauza kuti kuukiraku sikungakhale kopitilira muyeso poyerekeza ndi mwayi wankhondo wofunidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, a Philip Alston, omwe anali rapoti yapadera ku UN pamilandu yopondereza, kufupikitsa kapena kupha anthu mosazengereza, inanena, "Kulondola, kulondola ndi kuvomerezeka kwa kuwomba kwa ma drone kumadalira nzeru zaumunthu zomwe chigamulochi chakhazikitsidwa."

Anthu wamba sangakhale ovomerezeka mwalamulo pankhondo. Zolinga kapena kuphedwa kwandale, komwe kumatchedwanso kuweruza kwina, kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.

Mapepala a Drone anaphatikizira zolemba zotayika kuwulula "unyolo wakupha" oyang'anira a Obama adagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe omwe akufuna. Anthu osawerengeka adaphedwa pogwiritsa ntchito "ma signature intelligence" - kulumikizana ndi mayiko akunja, ma radar ndi zida zina zamagetsi - m'malo ankhondo osadziwika. Zolinga zowunikira zidapangidwa ndikutsata mafoni omwe atha kunyamulidwa kapena omwe sangatengeke ndi zigawenga. Theka la luntha lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zomwe zingachitike ku Yemen ndi Somalia lidakhazikitsidwa ndi zidziwitso zamphamvu.

Za Obama Malangizo a Pulezidenti (PPG), yomwe inali ndi malamulo owunikira, idafotokoza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zakupha kunja kwa "madera ankhondowo." Zinkafunika kuti chandamale chikhale "chowopseza chopitilira." Koma Dipatimenti Yachilungamo Yobisika pepala woyera yomwe idalengezedwa mu 2011 ndikulengeza mu 2013 idavomereza kupha nzika zaku US ngakhale popanda "umboni wowonekeratu kuti kuukira anthu aku US komanso zofuna zawo kuchitika posachedwa." Bwaloli mwina linali lotsika chifukwa chopha nzika zosakhala US.

PPG idati payenera kukhala "kutsimikizika kuti HVT [uchigawenga wofunika kwambiri] kapena chandamale china chovomerezeka" chilipo asanamuphe. Koma oyang'anira a Obama adayambitsa "ziwonetsero zosayina" zomwe sizinakhudze anthu, koma amuna azaka zankhondo omwe amapezeka m'malo okayikira. Otsogolera a Obama adatanthauzira omenyera nkhondo (omwe sianthu wamba) ngati amuna onse azaka zankhondo omwe ali mderalo, "pokhapokha atakhala ndiukazitape womwe udawatsimikizira kuti alibe mlandu."

"Nzeru" zomwe zigawenga za US zimayendetsa sizodalirika kwambiri. United States yakhala ikuphwanya mobwerezabwereza Mgwirizano wa UN ndi Misonkhano ya ku Geneva. Ndipo kuphedwa kosaloledwa kwa US ndi ma drones kumaphwanya ufulu wamoyo womwe umakhazikitsidwa mu Pangano Lapadziko Lonse Lantchito Yandale ndi Ndale, mgwirizano wina womwe US ​​wavomereza. Amati, "Munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi moyo. Ufulu uwu uyenera kutetezedwa ndi lamulo. Palibe amene adzalandire moyo wake popanda chifukwa. ”

Kabul Drone Strike: "Lamulo Loyamba la Gawo Lotsatira Lankhondo Lathu"

"Kugunda kwa drone ku Kabul sikunali komaliza pomenya nkhondo yathu," Woimira Malinowski anati pa nthawi ya umboni wa Blinken pamsonkhano. "Zinali zachisoni kuti chinthu choyamba chotsatira chotsatira cha nkhondo yathu."

"Payenera kukhala mlandu," Sen. Christopher S. Murphy (D-Connecticut), membala wa Komiti Yoyang'anira Zakunja, adalemba positi ya Twitter. "Ngati sipangakhale zotsatirapo zowopsa ngati izi, zikuwonetsa kuti gulu lonse lalamulo laku drone lipha ana ndi anthu wamba."

M'mwezi wa Juni, mabungwe 113 odzipereka pa ufulu wachibadwidwe, ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, kusankhana mitundu, chilungamo chachilengedwe ndi ufulu wachiwembu analemba kalata kwa Biden "kukakamiza kutha kwa pulogalamu yosaloleka ya ziwonetsero zakupha kunja kwa malo ankhondo ovomerezeka, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones." Olivia Alperstein wochokera ku Institute for Policy Study tweeted kuti United States iyenera "kupepesa chifukwa cha ziwonetsero zonse za ma drone, ndikuthetsa kumenya nkhondo kamodzi kokha.

Marjorie Cohn

Atumizidwa ndi chilolezo cha wolemba kuchokera Wopanda

Sabata ya Seputembara 26-Okutobala 2, mamembala a Ankhondo a Mtendere, Pulogalamu ya Pinki, Ban Killer Drones, ndipo mabungwe ogwirizana akuchita kanthu https://www.veteransforpeace.org/take-action/shut-down-creech kunja kwa Creech Drone Air Force Base, kumpoto kwa Las Vegas, motsutsana ndi ma drones ankhondo. Ma drones oyendetsedwa patali kuchokera ku mfuti zamoto za Creech ku Afghanistan, komanso Syria, Yemen ndi Somalia.