Wolemba Nicolas JS Davies, February 18, 2020
Dziko likuyembekeza mwachidwi kuti liwone ngati maboma aku US ndi Afghanistan ndi Taliban angavomereze katemera wa sabata limodzi zomwe zitha kukhazikitsa maziko oti "pakhale pompopompo komanso kokwanira" komanso kuti US ndi magulu ena akunja ochokera ku Afghanistan achoke. Kodi zokambiranazi zingakhale zenizeni nthawi ino, kapena zidzangokhala zina kusuta Pulezidenti Trump akukonda kupha anthu ambiri ndi otchuka whack-a-mole?
Ngati kuimitsaku kuchitikadi, palibe amene angakhale wosangalala kuposa anthu aku Afghanistan omwe akumenya nkhondo ndikufa kunkhondo komwe munthu wina wanena kuti mtolankhani wa BBC "si nkhondo yathu kwenikweni." Asitikali aboma la Afghanistan ndi apolisi omwe akuvulala kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa nkhondoyi adauza BBC kuti samenya nkhondo chifukwa chodana ndi a Taliban kapena kukhulupirika kwawo kuboma lochirikizidwa ndi US, koma chifukwa cha umphawi, kusimidwa ndi kudziteteza . Pachifukwa ichi, ali mumkhalidwe wovuta womwewo monga mamiliyoni a anthu ena ku Middle East kulikonse kumene United States yasintha nyumba ndi madera a anthu kukhala "malo ankhondo" aku America.
Ku Afghanistan, US wophunzitsidwa ntchito zapadera umakakamiza kuchita 'Sakani ndi kupha' kuwukira usiku ndi ntchito zolakwika in Taliban-aona gawo, mothandizidwa ndi zowonongapa mpweya waku USmphamvu yomwe imapha makamaka manambala osawerengeka omenyera ufulu ndi anthu wamba. US idagwa a pambuyo-2001 mbiri Mabomba 7,423 ndi mivi pa Afghanistan mu 2019.
Koma monga mtolankhani wa BBC Nanamou Steffensen adafotokozera (tamvani apa, kuyambira 11:40 mpaka 16:50), ndi okhala ndi zida zochepa mtundu-ndi-fayilo Afghanistan asilikali ndi apolisi pamalo olondera komanso kutulutsa kochepera kudutsa dziko, osati gulu lankhondo lapadera lochokera ku US, amene akuvutika zowopsa kwambiri mulingo wa ovulala. Purezidenti Ghani kuwululidwa mu Januwale 2019 kuti asitikali aku Afghanistan opitilira 45,000 adaphedwa kuyambira pomwe adatenga udindowu mu Seputembara 2014, ndipo ndi maakaunti onse 2019 anali ngakhale womwalirayo.
Steffensen anayenda mozungulira Afghanistan akulankhula ndi asitikali aku Afghanistan ndi apolisi m'malo owunikira ndi malo ocheperako zomwe ziri mzere wakutsogolo wa nkhondo yaku US yolimbana ndi a Taliban. Asitikali Steffensen adalankhula kuti amuuze kuti amulembera okha m'gulu lankhondo kapena apolisi chifukwa sanapeze ntchito ina iliyonse, komanso kuti adangophunzitsidwa mwezi umodzi wogwiritsa ntchito AK-47 ndi RPG asanatumizidwe kumizere yakutsogolo. Kwambiri akuvala ma T-shirts ndi ma slipper kapena zovala zamtundu wa Afghanistanng, ngakhale ochepa masewera ndi zidutswa za zida zankhondo. Amakhala mwamantha nthawi zonse, "akuyembekeza kuti achulukana nthawi iliyonse." Wapolisi wina adauza Steffensen kuti, "sasamala za ife. Ndi chifukwa chake ambiri aife timamwalira. Zili ndi ife kumenya kapena kuphedwa, ndizo zonse. ”
Pokambirana modabwitsa modzidzimutsa, aku Afghanistan wamkulu wa apolisi, General Khoshal Sadat, adatsimikiza malingaliro a asirikali okhudza mtengo wotsika womwe adayikidwa m'miyoyo yawo chinyengo Boma logwirizana ndi US. General Ndicholinga choti ndiomaliza maphunziro amakoleji ankhondo ku UK ndi US yemwe anali khothi pansi pa Purezidenti Karzai mchaka cha 2014 chomanga anthu mosaloledwa ndikupereka dziko lake kwa US ndi UK Purezidenti Ghani adamulimbikitsa kuti apite apolisi adziko lonse mu 2019. Steffensen adafunsa Sadat zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamakhalidwe ndi ntchito. "Mukayang'ana olemba ntchito," Sadat adamuwuza, "ndimaganizira za mabanja aku Afghanistan komanso kuchuluka kwa ana omwe ali nawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti palibe amuna azaka zakumenya nkhondo omwe azitha kulowa nawo gululi. ”
Pa kuyankhulana komaliza mu lipoti la Steffensen, wapolisi pa cheke galimotospoyendayenda m'tawuni ya Wardak kuchokera ku gawo lotetezedwa ndi Taliban anafunsa kwambiri cholinga cha nkhondo. Adamuuza, "Asilamu tonse ndife abale. Tilibe vuto wina ndi mnzake. ” "Nanga bwanji mukumenya nkhondo?" anafunsa iye. Anazengereza, anaseka mwamantha ndipo anapukusa mutu wake ndikusiya ntchito. “Mukudziwa chifukwa chake. Ndikudziwa chifukwa chake. Si kwenikweni wathu limba, ”adatero.
Chifukwa chake wndife onse nkhondo?
Tamaganiza a asirikali aku Afghan Steffensen adafunsidwa amagawidwa ndi anthu akumenya nkhondo onse Mbalis of Nkhondo zaku America. Kudutsa "njira yosakhazikika" yomwe tsopano amatuluka zisanu mailosi chikwi kuchokera ku Afghanistan kupita ku Mali komanso kupitirira apo, "kusintha kwa maulamuliro" ku US ndi nkhondo zotsutsana "zasintha anthu mamiliyoniNyumba ndi madera kulowa mu “nkhondo” zaku America. Monga omwe Afghanistan adalemba a Steffensen adalankhula nawo, anthu ofunitsitsa agwirizanaed magulu okhala ndi zida onse mbali, koma pazifukwa zomwe sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi malingaliro, chipembedzo kapena zolinga zoyipa zomwe akatswiri andale aku Western azigwiritsa ntchito.
Secretary of State ofole CondoleezzMpunga inasiya lipoti la boma chaka chilichonse rpitani gonyansa tzolakwika mu 2005, itawulula kuti yoyamba atatu zaka za nkhondo zankhondo zaku US zomwe "Nkhondo Ikuwononga" idachitika mwachidziwikire zinayambitsa kuphulika kwa uchigawenga padziko lonse lapansi ndi kukana mfuti, ndi ndendende Mosemphana ndi cholinga chakes. Mayankho a Rice kuvumbulutsidwa kwa lipotilo zinali zoti yesani kutero kuponderezana kuzindikira kwa zotsatira zoonekeratu za osamvera malamulo aku US ndi kukhazikitsa nkhondo.
Fifzaka achinyamata latera, US ndi adani ake omwe akupitilizabe kukhalabe ogwidwah chitanis wa barbarism ndi chimodzi Mbali okha mafuta yatsopano kukulitsa ndi kukula kwa chiwawa by China Mbali, wopanda mathero. Rakatswiri ndapeza momwe a chisokonezo chiwawa chisokonezo za nkhondo zaku America tkusinthasintha m'mbuyomu sanalowerere nzika zosiyanasiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana kukhala omenya nkhondo. Nthawi zonse ambiri osiyanasiyana nkhondo zonesy ndazindikira kuti chifukwa chachikulu chomwe anthu amalumikizira magulu ankhondo ndi kudziteteza, banja lawo kapena dera lawo, ndi kuti fzonyansa choncho khalani ndi gulu lolimba kwambiris kuti muthe kutetezedwa kwambiri, osasamala malingaliro.
Mu 2015, Center for Citizilians in Conflict (CIVIC), kuyankhulanaed. 250 omenyera nkhondo waku Bosnia, Palestine (Gaza), Libya ndi Somalia, ndipo adafalitsa zotsatira zake lipoti wotchulidwa Maganizo a Anthu: Anthu Omwe Amakhala Nawo Nkhondo Nkhondo. Ofufuzawo adawona kuti, "Chomwe chimalimbikitsa kwambiri kutenga nawo mbali, chofotokozedwa ndi omwe adafunsidwa mafunso muzochitika zonse zinayi, chinali chitetezo cha iwo eni kapena abale."
Mu 2017, UN Development Program (UNDP) anachita kafukufuku wofanananso ndi anthu 500 omwe adagwirizana ndi Al-Qaeda, Boko Haram, Al-Shabaab ndi magulu ena okhala ndi zida ku Africa. The Lipoti la UNDP anali ndi dzina Ulendo Wopita ku Kukhathamira mu Africa: Oyendetsa, Okuthandizira ndi Tipping-Point for Recruitment. Zotsatira zake zidatsimikizira izi za maphunziro ena, and ndi wolimbanaMayankho a "pabwino pompopompo" pa ntchito yolembedwa anali akuwunikira.
Lipotilo linati: "Anthu okwana 71%, anali kunena za 'boma', kuphatikizapo 'kupha wachibale kapena mnzake' kapenanso 'kumangidwa kwa wachibale wawo kapena mnzake', chifukwa cha zomwe zinawalimbikitsa kulowa nawo." The UNDP adamaliza, "Khalidwe lachitetezo cha boma likuwululidwa kuti ndilo likuthandizira kuti munthu agwiritse ntchito, m'malo mochotsa ntchito."
Boma la US ndi lovunda chifukwa cha chidwi champhamvu zamagulu azankhondo kotero kuti silikufunanso kuphunzira kuchokera ku maphunziro awa, monganso kuchokera kuzokha yaitali chidziwitso cha zosaloledwa komanso tsoka kupanga nkhondo. Kulengeza pafupipafupi kuti "zosankha zonse zili patebulopo," kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo, ndikuphwanya lamulo la UN Charter, zomwe zimaletsa chiwopsezo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu motsutsana ndi mayiko ena ndendende chifukwa kuopseza kopanda tanthauzo, kotereku kumabweretsa nkhondo.
Koma zowonekeratue pagulu laku America kumvetsas zabodza komanso kuphwanya malamulo, zalamulo komanso zandale za kulungamitsidwa kwa dziko lathu zoopsa Nkhondo, tikamachita bwino kwambiri vuto ndi zopanda pake zonena za kutentha andale omwe mfundo zawo perekani dziko lokhalo Zambiri imfa, chiwonongeko ndi chisokonezo. Zolakwa za Trump, zakupha Ndondomeko ya Iran ndi zitsanzo zaposachedwa kwambiri, ndipo, ngakhale zili ndi zotsatira zoyipa, nkhondo yankhondo ya US idatsalira zopweteka kwambiri, kupatula ochepa olemekezeka.
Liti ku US Imanis kupha anthu ndikuphulitsa nyumba zawo, ndipo dziko chiyambis kuthandiza anthu kudzithandiza ndi kudziteteza ndi mabanja awo popanda kujowina gulu lankhondo lochokera ku US kapena magulu ankhondo omwe akumenyera, ndiye ndipo pokhapokha atero mikangano yoopsa yomwe zankhondo zaku US zidayambitsa padziko lonse lapansi yambani kuchepa.
Afghanistan sindiye nkhondo yayitali kwambiri ku United States. Kusiyana koopsa kumeneku ndi kwa a Nkhondo zaku America zaku America, lomwe linayamba kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa dzikolo mpaka omenyera nkhondo omaliza a Apache adagwidwa mu 1924. Koma nkhondo yaku US ku Afghanistan ndiye yotalikirapo kwambiri pamndandanda wankhondo wosamveka komanso wosatsutsika womwe US idamenyera kuyambira 1945.
Monga woyendetsa taxi waku Afghanistan ku Vancouver adandiuza mu 2009, "Tidagonjetsa ufumu wa Persian m'zaka za zana la 18. Tidagonjetsa aku Britain mzaka za 19th. Tinagonjetsa Soviet Union m'zaka za zana la 20. Tsopano, ndi NATO, tikulimbana ndi mayiko 28, koma tiwagonjetsanso. ” Sindinamukayikire kwa mphindi. Koma nchifukwa ninji atsogoleri aku America, pakunyenga kwawo ufumu komanso kutengeka ndiukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo, angamvere konse woyendetsa taxi waku Afghanistan?
