Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, August 30, 2021
Anthu aku America adadabwitsidwa ndi makanema aku Afghani omwe amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe kuthawa kubwerera kwawo kwa a Taliban mdziko lawo - kenako ndi bomba lodzipha la Islamic State ndikutsatira kupha ndi ankhondo aku US kuti pamodzi anaphedwa osachepera anthu 170, kuphatikiza asitikali aku US aku 13.
Ngakhale Mabungwe a UN amachenjeza zavuto lomwe likubwera ku Afghanistan, US Treasure yasungunuka pafupifupi banki yonse yaku Afghanistan ya $ 9.4 biliyoni yosungidwa ndalama zakunja, zomwe zikulanda boma latsopano ndalama zomwe zidzafunike kwambiri miyezi ingapo ikubwerayi kuti izidyetsa anthu ake ndikupereka chithandizo chofunikira.
Pokakamizidwa ndi oyang'anira a Biden, International Monetary Fund anaganiza osatulutsa $ 450 miliyoni mu ndalama zomwe amayenera kutumizidwa ku Afghanistan kuti zithandizire dzikolo kuthana ndi mliri wa coronavirus.
US ndi maiko ena Akumadzulo ayimitsanso thandizo ku Afghanistan. Atatsogolera msonkhano wa G7 ku Afghanistan pa Ogasiti 24, Prime Minister waku UK a Boris Johnson anena izi kuletsa thandizo ndikuzindikiridwa kunawapatsa "mwayi wochulukirapo - wachuma, kazembe komanso ndale" pa a Taliban.
Atsogoleri andale aku Western amadalira izi potengera ufulu wa anthu, koma akuyesetsa kuwonetsetsa kuti anzawo aku Afghanistani ali ndi mphamvu m'boma latsopanoli, ndikuti mphamvu zakumadzulo ndi zofuna ku Afghanistan sizimatha ndikubwerera kwa a Taliban. Ndalama izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madola, mapaundi, ndi mayuro, koma zidzalipiridwa mu miyoyo yaku Afghanistan.
Kuwerenga kapena kumvera akatswiri aku Western, wina angaganize kuti United States ndi mabungwe azankhondo ake azaka 20 anali ntchito yabwino komanso yopindulitsa kusintha dzikolo, kumasula azimayi aku Afghanistan ndikupereka chithandizo chamankhwala, maphunziro ndi ntchito zabwino, ndikuti izi onse tsopano atengedwa ndi kulanda ku Taliban.
Zoona zake ndizosiyana, ndipo sizovuta kuzimvetsa. United States idawononga $ 2.26 zankhaninkhani, pa nkhondo yake ku Afghanistan. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zamtundu uliwonse mdziko lililonse kuyenera kuti kwatulutsa anthu ambiri muumphawi. Koma kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo, pafupifupi $ 1.5 trilioni, zidakhala zopanda pake, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo pomenyera nkhondo ku US, ndikuponya pa 80,000 mabomba ndi zoponya pa Afghans, kulipira Makontrakitala achinsinsi, komanso asitikali ankhondo, zida ndi zida zankhondo mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka 20.
Popeza kuti United States idamenya nkhondoyi ndi ndalama zobwereka, yawononganso ndalama zokwana madola trilioni ngati chiwongola dzanja chokha, zomwe zipitilira mtsogolo. Ndalama zamankhwala ndi olumala kwa asitikali aku US omwe avulala ku Afghanistan afika kale kupitirira $ 175 biliyoni, ndipo apitilizabe kukulira asitikaliwo. Ndalama zamankhwala ndi zolemala pankhondo zaku US ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan zitha kupitilira madola trilioni.
Nanga bwanji za "kumanganso Afghanistan"? Congress idayikidwa $ Biliyoni 144 pomangidwanso ku Afghanistan kuyambira 2001, koma $ 88 biliyoni yake idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza, kumanga, kuphunzitsa ndi kulipira "achitetezo" aku Afghanistan omwe asweka tsopano, asitikali akubwerera kumidzi yawo kapena kulowa nawo Taliban. $ 15.5 biliyoni ina yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa 2008 ndi 2017 idalembedwa kuti "zinyalala, zachinyengo komanso kuzunza" ndi US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction.
Nyenyeswa zotsalira, zosakwana 2% ya ndalama zonse zomwe US amagwiritsa ntchito ku Afghanistan, ndi pafupifupi $ 40 biliyoni, zomwe zikadayenera kupindulitsa anthu aku Afghanistan pakukula kwachuma, chisamaliro chaumoyo, maphunziro, zomangamanga ndi thandizo laumunthu.
Koma, monga ku Iraq, boma lomwe US idakhazikitsa ku Afghanistan lidadziwika kuti lidachita zachinyengo, ndipo ziphuphu zake zidangokulira ndikukhazikika m'kupita kwanthawi. Transparency International (TI) nthawi zonse pachikhalidwe Afghanistan yolandidwa ndi US ndi amodzi mwamayiko achinyengo kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Owerenga aku Western angaganize kuti katangaleyu ndi vuto lomwe lakhalapo kale ku Afghanistan, mosiyana ndi gawo lina logwidwa ndi US, koma sizili choncho. Zolemba za TI kuti, "ndizodziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa katangale pambuyo pa 2001 kwachuluka kuposa kale." A lipoti 2009 lolembedwa ndi Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development linachenjeza kuti "ziphuphu zawonjezeka kwambiri m'maboma am'mbuyomu."
Mabungwewa akuphatikiza boma la Taliban lomwe asitikali aku US achotsa mphamvu zawo mu 2001, ndi socialist Soviet-allist maboma omwe adagonjetsedwa ndi omwe adatsogolera a Al Qaeda ndi a Taliban omwe adatumizidwa ku US m'ma 1980, ndikuwononga kupita patsogolo komwe adachita pamaphunziro, zaumoyo komanso ufulu wa amayi.
A 2010 lipoti wolemba wakale wa Reagan Pentagon a Anthony H. Cordesman, otchedwa "Momwe America Iwonongera Afghanistan", adadzudzula boma la US potaya ndalama mdzikolo mosayankha mlandu.
The New York Times inanena mu 2013 kuti mwezi uliwonse kwazaka khumi, CIA idali ikutulutsa masutikesi, zikwama zam'manja ngakhale matumba apulasitiki ogulitsidwa ndi madola aku US kuti Purezidenti wa Afghanistan apereke ziphuphu kwa andale.
Ziphuphu zidasokonezanso madera omwe andale aku Western azichita monga kupambana pantchitoyo, monga maphunziro ndi zamankhwala. Njira yophunzitsira yakhalapo modzaza ndi masukulu, aphunzitsi, ndi ophunzira omwe amapezeka pamapepala okha. Ma pharmacies aku Afghanistan ali yosungidwa ndi mankhwala abodza, otha ntchito kapena otsika, ambiri amazembetsa kuchokera ku Pakistan yoyandikana nayo. M'magulu awo, ziphuphu zimalimbikitsidwa ndi ogwira ntchito zaboma monga aphunzitsi omwe amalandira gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi Malipiro a Afghans olumikizidwa bwino omwe akugwirira ntchito ma NGO akunja ndi makontrakitala.
Kuzula ziphuphu ndikusintha miyoyo yaku Afghanistan nthawi zonse kumakhala kofunikira pacholinga choyambirira cha US cholimbana ndi a Taliban ndikusungabe kapena kupititsa patsogolo ulamuliro wa zidole. Monga TI idanenera, "A US adapereka dala magulu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zida zankhondo ndi anthu aku Afghanistan kuti awonetsetse mgwirizano ndi / kapena chidziwitso, ndipo agwirizana ndi abwanamkubwa ngakhale atakhala achinyengo motani. kuthandizira zigawengazo. ”
The chiwawa chosatha za kulanda kwa US komanso katangale waboma lochirikizidwa ndi US zidalimbikitsa kutchuka kwa a Taliban, makamaka kumidzi komwe magawo atatu a Afghans amakhala. Umphawi wadzaoneni womwe udalandidwa ku Afghanistan udathandiziranso kupambana kwa a Taliban, popeza anthu mwachilengedwe amafunsa momwe ntchito yawo ndi mayiko olemera monga United States ndi anzawo akumadzulo angawasiye mu umphawi wadzaoneni.
Zisanachitike mavuto omwe alipo, a chiwerengero cha Afghans akunena kuti akuvutika kuti apeze ndalama zomwe amapeza pano zawonjezeka kuchoka pa 60% mu 2008 mpaka 90% pofika 2018. A 2018 Gallup posankha adapeza "moyo wabwino" wotsika kwambiri womwe Gallup adalemba konse padziko lapansi. Afghans sanangonena za mavuto okhaokha komanso chiyembekezo chomwe sichinachitikepo chokhudza tsogolo lawo.
Ngakhale zopindulitsa mu maphunziro a atsikana, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a Atsikana aku Afghanistan adapita ku pulayimale ku 2019 ndipo yekha 37% ya atsikana aku Afghanistan achichepere anali ophunzira. Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe ana ochepa amapitira kusukulu ku Afghanistan ndichakuti amaposa ana mamiliyoni awiri azaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 14 amayenera kugwira ntchito kuti athandizire mabanja awo omwe ali ndi umphawi.
Komabe m'malo mopepesera gawo lathu kuti anthu aku Afghanistan azikhala mu umphawi, atsogoleri aku Western tsopano akusiya thandizo lazachuma komanso zothandiza lomwe linali ndalama magawo atatu m'magulu aboma aku Afghanistan ndipo amapanga 40% ya GDP yake yonse.
Mwakutero, United States ndi mabungwe ake akuyankha kuti ataya nkhondoyi powopseza a Taliban ndi anthu aku Afghanistan nkhondo yachiwiri, yazachuma. Ngati boma latsopano la Afghanistani silikugonjera zofuna zawo ndikukwaniritsa zofuna zawo, atsogoleri athu adzafa ndi njala anthu awo ndikuwadzudzula a Taliban chifukwa cha njala komanso mavuto azachuma, monganso momwe amachitira ziwanda ndikuimba mlandu ena omwe achitiridwa nkhanza zachuma ku US , kuchokera ku Cuba kupita ku Iran.
Pambuyo pothira madola mamiliyoni ambiri kunkhondo yopanda malire ku Afghanistan, ntchito yayikulu yaku America tsopano ndi kuthandiza anthu aku 40 miliyoni aku Afghanistan omwe sanathawe dziko lawo, pamene akuyesera kuti achire mabala owopsa komanso nkhanza za nkhondo yomwe America idawachitiranso, komanso ngati chilala chachikulu zomwe zawononga 40% ya mbewu zawo chaka chino komanso zolemala funde lachitatu cha covid-19.
A US akuyenera kumasula $ 9.4 biliyoni m'maboma aku Afghanistan omwe amakhala m'mabanki aku US. Iyenera kusintha $ Biliyoni 6 adapatsidwa gulu lankhondo lomwe latha tsopano ku Afghanistan kuti lithandizire anthu, m'malo mozisinthanitsa ndi njira zina zowonongera ndalama zankhondo. Iyenera kulimbikitsa ogwirizana aku Europe ndi IMF osabweza ndalama. M'malo mwake, ayenera kulipira mokwanira pempho la UN 2021 $ Biliyoni 1.3 pothandizira mwadzidzidzi, yomwe kumapeto kwa Ogasiti inali yochepera 40% yomwe idalandiridwa.
Kalelo, United States idathandizira mabungwe aku Britain ndi Soviet kugonjetsa Germany ndi Japan, kenako ndikuwathandiza kuwamanganso ngati mayiko athanzi, amtendere komanso otukuka. Pazolakwika zonse zaku America - kusankhana mitundu, milandu yake yolimbana ndi anthu ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki komanso ubale wake wapachikhalidwe ndi mayiko osauka - America idalonjeza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino womwe anthu m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi anali okonzeka kutsatira.
Ngati United States yonse ikupereka maiko ena lero ndi nkhondo, katangale ndi umphawi zomwe zidabweretsa ku Afghanistan, ndiye kuti dziko lapansi ndichanzeru kusunthira patsogolo ndikuyang'ana mitundu yatsopano yotsatira: kuyesa kwatsopano mu demokalase yotchuka komanso yachitukuko; kulimbikitsanso kukwezedwa kwadziko ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi; Njira zina zogwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo kuthana ndi mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi; ndi njira zofananira zokonzekera padziko lonse lapansi kuthana ndi mavuto apadziko lonse monga mliri wa Covid komanso tsoka lanyengo.
United States itha kupunthwa poyesayesa kwawo kopanda phindu kuwongolera dziko lapansi kudzera munkhondo ndi kukakamiza, kapena itha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kuganiziranso za malo ake padziko lapansi. Anthu aku America akuyenera kukhala okonzeka kutembenuza zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ngati hegemon yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuwona momwe tingapangire zopindulitsa, zogwirira ntchito mtsogolo zomwe sitidzalamuliranso, koma zomwe tiyenera kuthandiza kuti timange.
Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.
