Ndi David Swanson
Kaya wina ali wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi ubwana wawo komanso moyo wawo wabwino kuposa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kapena china chilichonse mumibadwo yawo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazodabwitsa kwambiri pazowulula zambiri m'buku labwino kwambiri lomwe ndidawerengapo chaka chino: Kuthamangitsa Kufuula: Masiku Omaliza ndi Omaliza a Nkhondo Pazakumwa Zoipa Wolemba Johann Hari.
Tonse tapatsidwa nthano. Nthanoyi imayenda motere: Mankhwala ena ndi amphamvu kwambiri moti mukawagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira amayamba kuwalamulira. Adzakuthamangitsani kuti mupitirize kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zimapezeka kuti izi ndizabodza. Osuta fodya wa 17.7 peresenti yokha ndi omwe angaleke kusuta pogwiritsa ntchito chikonga cha chikonga chomwe chimapatsanso mankhwala omwewo. Mwa anthu omwe ayesa kusokonekera m'miyoyo yawo, ndi 3 peresenti yokha omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mwezi watha ndipo ndi 20% okha omwe adayamba kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zipatala zaku US zimapereka ma opiate amphamvu kwambiri opweteka tsiku lililonse, ndipo nthawi yayitali, osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pamene Vancouver idatseka ma heroin onse kuti asalowe mumzindawu bwinobwino kotero kuti "heroin" wogulitsidwayo adali ndi zero heroin m'menemo, machitidwe a omwe ali osokoneza bongo sanasinthe. Pafupifupi 20% ya asitikali aku US ku Vietnam adamwa mankhwala a heroin, zomwe zidabweretsa mantha pakati pa omwe akuyembekeza kubwerera kwawo; koma atafika kunyumba 95 peresenti ya iwo mkati mwa chaka adangoima. (Momwemonso nzika zam'madzi zaku Vietnam, zomwe zidayamba kudya opiamu panthawi yankhondo.) Asitikali enawo anali atasokonekera asanapite ndipo / kapena adagawana nawo mchitidwe wofala kwambiri kwa onse omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza kutchova juga: mwana wosakhazikika kapena wopweteketsa mtima.
Anthu ambiri (90 peresenti molingana ndi UN) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo sasokoneza bongo, ziribe kanthu kuti mankhwalawo ndi otani, ndipo ambiri omwe amakhala ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino ngati mankhwalawo alipo; ndipo ngati mankhwalawo akupezeka, amasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo.
Koma, dikirani miniti yokha. Asayansi atero kutsimikiziridwa kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo, sichoncho?
Khoswe mu khola wopanda china chilichonse m'moyo wake angasankhe kumwa mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ngati mungapangitse moyo wanu kukhala wofanana ndi khoswe mu khola, asayansi atsimikiziridwa. Koma ngati mupatsa khoswe malo achilengedwe oti azikhalamo ndi makoswe ena kuti azichita nawo zinthu zosangalatsa, khosweyo sanganyalanyaze mulu woyesa wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Inunso mudzatero. Ndipo momwemonso anthu ambiri. Kapena muzigwiritsa ntchito pang'ono. Nkhondo ya Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo isanayambe mu 1914 (m'malo mwa US Nkhondo Yadziko I?), Anthu adagula mabotolo amadzimadzi a morphine, ndipo vinyo ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi zokhala ndi cocaine. Ambiri sanakhale osokoneza bongo, ndipo magawo atatu mwa anayi omwe ali ndi chizolowezi amakhala ndi ntchito zolemekezeka.
Kodi pali phunziro pano pakusakhulupilira asayansi? Kodi tiyenera kutaya umboni wonse wosonyeza kusokonezeka kwanyengo? Kodi tiyenera kutaya katemera wathu wonse ku Boston Harbor? Kwenikweni ayi. Pali phunziro pano lakale monga mbiri: tsatirani ndalamazo. Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandizidwa ndi boma lomwe limafufuza malipoti ake akafika pamalingaliro omwewo Kuthamangitsa Kufuula, boma lomwe limangopeza kafukufuku yemwe amasiya zikhulupiriro zake m'malo mwake. Okana nyengo ndi omwe amakana katemera ayenera kumvedwa. Tiyenera kukhala otseguka nthawi zonse. Koma pakadali pano akuwoneka kuti akukankhira sayansi yabwinoko yomwe singapeze ndalama. M'malo mwake, akuyesera kuti asinthe zikhulupiriro zamakono ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe zakhala nazo Zochepa maziko kumbuyo kwawo. Kusintha malingaliro athu pazokonda kumafuna kuyang'ana umboni womwe asayansi omwe amatsutsa komanso maboma okonzanso zinthu, ndizabwino kwambiri.
Ndiye kodi izi zimasiya kuti malingaliro athu okonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo? Choyamba timayenera kuwatsutsa. Kenako timayenera kuwakhululukira chifukwa chokhala ndi jini loipa. Tsopano tikuyenera kuwamvera chisoni chifukwa ali ndi zoopsa zomwe sangakumane nazo, ndipo nthawi zambiri akhala akuchitapo kuyambira ali mwana? Pali chizolowezi chowona malongosoledwe a "jini" ngati chowiringula chokha. Ngati anthu 100 amamwa mowa ndipo m'modzi wa iwo ali ndi jini yomwe imamupangitsa kuti asayime, ndizovuta kumuimba mlandu. Kodi akanadziwa bwanji? Nanga bwanji izi: Mwa anthu 100, m'modzi mwa iwo wakhala akumva kuwawa kwazaka zambiri, mwanjira ina chifukwa chosakondidwapo ali wakhanda. Munthu m'modziyo pambuyo pake amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma chizolowezicho ndichizindikiro cha vuto lenileni. Tsopano, zachidziwikire, ndizolakwika konse kufunsa za kapangidwe ka ubongo wa munthu wina kapena mbiri yake tisanadziwe kuti tingawachitire chifundo kapena ayi. Koma ndimamvera chisoni ngakhale anthu omwe sangathe kukana zamkhutu zotere, chifukwa chake ndikuwapempha tsopano: Kodi sitiyenera kukhala achifundo kwa anthu omwe akuvutika ndi zovuta zaubwana? Makamaka ndende ikawonjezera vuto lawo?
Koma bwanji ngati titakhala ndi izi mopitilira muyeso kuzikhalidwe zina zosafunikira? Palinso mabuku ena omwe amafotokoza milandu yofananayi yomwe nkhanza, kuphatikizapo nkhanza zakugonana, komanso kudzipha, zimayambira ku Hari. Zachidziwikire kuti ziwawa ziyenera kupewedwa, osakhudzidwa. Koma zitha kuchepetsedwa ndikuwongolera miyoyo ya anthu, makamaka moyo wawo wachinyamata komanso chofunikira komanso moyo wawo wapano. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, popeza tasiya kutaya anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, jenda, malingaliro azakugonana, ndi zolemala ngati zopanda pake, pomwe timayamba kuvomereza kuti kuzolowera ndimakhalidwe osakhalitsa komanso osawopseza m'malo mokhalitsa ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono chotchedwa "Woledzera," titha kupita kukataya malingaliro ena okhalitsa komanso kutsimikiza kwa majini, kuphatikiza zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zigawenga zachiwawa. Tsiku lina titha kupitilira lingaliro loti nkhondo kapena umbombo kapena galimoto ndizotsatira zosapeweka zamtundu wathu.
Mwanjira ina kunena kuti vuto lililonse pazamankhwala, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, likuwoneka losavuta.
Onerani Johann Hari Demokarase Tsopano.
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