Kusanthula kwa Maphunziro Kusonyeza NY Times, Sambani Post Musati Muzitsatira Kuyankha Kuwona ngati Anthu Atafa Akugwera ku US Drone Akumenya

Wolemba John Hanrahan

Pofika pano mukudziwa: Asitikali a CIA kapena asitikali aku US akumenya nkhondo ya drone kapena bomba lina la ndege ku Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Somalia kapena dziko lina lililonse lomwe United States imati ili ndi ufulu woukira.

Mneneri wa boma la US akuti 5 kapena 7 kapena 17 kapena 25 kapena kuchuluka kwa "zigawenga" zomwe zaphedwa - Taliban, kapena al Qaeda kapena ISIS / ISIL / Islamic State omenyera - malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa. Ntchito zamawaya, manyuzipepala odziwika bwino, ofalitsa nkhani pawailesi yakanema amafotokoza mwachidule mwachidule za kugunda kwina kochita bwino kwa drone kapena kuponya mizinga, kukwaniritsa mfundo zochepa zautolankhani ponena za Pentagon, kapena zanzeru kapena magwero aboma la US - nthawi zina amatchulanso wolankhulira yemwe adatulutsa nkhaniyo.

Ndiyeno - kawirikawiri kanthu. Inde, nthawi zina wina yemwe ali ndi vuto laling'ono amadzutsa kununkha - atero Purezidenti wa Afghanistan, kapena mkulu wina wodziwika bwino wa m'deralo yemwe adawona ndi maso kuukira, kapena Madokotala opanda Malire pambuyo pa kuukira kwa US ku chipatala chawo ku Afghanistan mu October. (* Onani mawu a m’munsi.) Potsutsa zonena za Amereka zakupha “ankhondo” okha, mboni zomvetsa chisoni zimenezi zimatsutsa kuti ambiri mwa amene anaphedwawo sanali ankhondo, ngakhale akazi ndi ana.

Koma nthawi zomwe akuluakulu aku US akukumana ndi umboni wamphamvu kwambiri wokhudza kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba, nthawi zambiri amapepesa (omwe samavomereza kuti anthu wamba adaphedwadi), amalonjeza kuti adzafufuza - ndiyeno ndiye kuti ndi komaliza komwe timamva za izi. m'manyuzipepala ambiri.

Tsopano, wophunzira waku American University (AU), Jeff Bachman, watero zolembedwa zomwe owerenga ena atha kuganiza powerenga nkhani za drone pazaka zambiri, koma analibe chidziwitso chothandizira. Popenda nkhani ndi The New York Times ndi Washington Post posakhalitsa kumenyedwa kwa ma drone aku US pakati pa 2009 ndi 2014, Bachman adamaliza:

"Mapepala onsewa akuwonetsa mocheperapo kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba omwe adaphedwa paziwopsezo za ndege ku Pakistan ndi Yemen, adalephera kukonza mbiri yapagulu pomwe umboni udawonekera kuti zomwe adanenazo zinali zolakwika ndikunyalanyaza kufunikira kwa malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi."

Kafukufuku wa Bachman amalumikizana ndi The InterceptZasindikizidwa posachedwaMapepala a Drone” nkhani, zomwe mwa zina zimalemba zabodza za boma la US kwa atolankhani komanso kwa anthu za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe sali m'gulu lankhondo omwe aphedwa pa ziwopsezo za ndege zopanda ndege.

Bachman, mphunzitsi wodziwa za ufulu wa anthu komanso wotsogolera wa Global Affairs MA Programme ku AU's School of International Service, adawunika zitsanzo za 81. Times nkhani ndi zolemba za 26 Post zofalitsidwa mkati mwa masiku awiri a drone makamaka pakati pa 2009 ndi 2014. Kenako anafanizira malipoti a mapepala awiriwo ku kafukufuku ndi kufufuza kwa drone ku London-based The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ). Ananenanso kuti amawona kuti data ya TBIJ ndi yovomerezeka "chifukwa adagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe idavomerezedwa ndi Center for Civilians in Conflict and Human Rights" ku Columbia University's Law School.

Mu kuukira kwa drone komwe kunanenedwa ndi The Times, TBIJ idapeza anthu wamba omwe adaphedwa paziwopsezo 26 mwa 81. The Times, komabe, akuti anthu wamba anaphedwa pa zigawenga ziwiri zokha mwa zigawengazo, Bachman analemba motero.

Kuyang'ana The PostPofotokoza za kuwukira kwa drone, Bachman adapeza kuti TBIJ idanenanso kuti anthu wamba omwe adaphedwa paziwopsezo 7 mwa 26, pomwe The Post inati anthu wamba anaphedwa pa chiwembu chimodzi chokha.

Pa ziwonetsero 33 zomwe zidapha anthu wamba, TBIJ idapeza kuti pakati pa 180 ndi 302 wamba adaphedwa - komabe. Times ndi Post Nkhani zitatu zofotokoza za imfa ya anthu wamba XNUMX okha m’nkhani zitatu zimene zinasonyeza kuti panali anthu wamba ophedwa.

"Kunena mochepa kwa anthu omwe avulala kumatanthauza kuti owerenga sakudziwitsidwa zotsatira zenizeni za kumenyedwa kwa ndege ku Yemen ndi Pakistan," adatero Bachman. "Zikuyimira kulephera kwa atolankhani pamapepala awa kuti awone zomwe boma likutsutsa ponena za omwe amaphedwa makamaka makamaka akanyanyala."

Choipa kwambiri n’chakuti, Bachman anafotokoza zimene zinachitika pamene analankhula ndi nyuzipepala zonse ziwirizi kuti awafunse “za zolakwika zimene analemba zokhudza kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba, ndi kuona ngati nyuzipepala iliyonse inasindikiza zokonza” ponena za imfa ya anthu wamba chifukwa cha ziwopsezo za drone. Iye analemba kuti: “Yankho la onse awiri linali lakuti analibe.

Werengani za Bachman's nkhani kuti muwone chidule chonse cha zomwe wapeza komanso ndemanga zenizeni zomwe akuti akulandirako Times ndi Post oimira. Koma pa chitsanzo chimodzi cha kusalabadira kwapa TV pankhaniyi, taganizirani zomwe Bachman adanena kuti adauzidwa ndi Sylvester Monroe, The PostWothandizira woyang'anira mkonzi.

Monroe, analemba motero Bachman, “ananena kuti pogwiritsira ntchito ‘magwero ovomerezeka’ n’kosatheka ‘kutsimikizira mwaokha kuti ndani mwa akufa amene anali m’magulu a zigaŵenga ndi amene angakhale anali anthu wamba osalakwa.’”

Malinga ndi Bachman, Monroe anawonjezera kuwulutsa kodabwitsaku: "Ngakhale CIA ikadavomereza kuti kuwerengera kwake kunali kolakwika, sizingakhale kwa ife kukonza." Lolani izi zilowe mkati: The Post mwachiwonekere sichidzakonza mabodza ndi mabodza a bungwe la akazitape ngakhale zitakhala zokayikitsa kuti bungwe lenilenilo lidzawavomera.

Bachman adanenanso kuti mawu oti "ufulu waumunthu" - ndi ofanana nawo osiyanasiyana - adawonekera mwa 5 okha mwa iwo. The TimesNkhani za 81 za drone, ndipo m'modzi mwa 26 Post zolemba. Mawu oti "malamulo ankhondo" kapena "malamulo ankhondo" - ofunikira "kuyika ma drone pamilandu yawo yapadziko lonse lapansi" - sanatchulidwe m'nkhani iliyonse.

"Popanda kuwonekera kwa boma komanso kupereka malipoti olondola, ofotokozera nkhani, monga gwero la The Intercept'Mapepala a Drone,' ndi gwero lokhalo lachidziwitso chomwe chingatithandize kumvetsetsa zotsatira zenizeni za kumenyedwa kwa drone," adatero Bachman.

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• Kuphulika kwaposachedwa kwa October 2 ku US pachipatala cha Doctor Without Borders ku Kunduz, Afghanistan, komwe osachepera 30 ogwira ntchito, odwala ndi ena anaphedwa, akhoza kukhala nkhani yapadera yomwe zochitikazo zidzakakamizika kufufuzidwa mozama. Koma musadalire. Pachipatala cha Kunduz, mboni zowona ndi maso - Azungu / madokotala ochokera ku bungwe lachipatala lolemekezeka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe likunena kuti kuphulika kwa mabomba kunali dala - sizikanatheka kulembedwa mosavuta ndi Pentagon ndi zofalitsa zathu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasangalatsa. Madokotala opanda Malire anena kuti kuphulika kwa mabomba ku chipatalacho ndi mlandu womwe ungakhalepo wankhondo ndipo akufuna kuti chiwembuchi chifufuzidwe ndi kafukufuku wapadziko lonse pansi pa Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Geneva. M'malo mwake, General John F. Campbell, mkulu wa asilikali a ku America ku Afghanistan, adasankha mkulu wa nyenyezi ziwiri kuchokera ku lamulo lina kuti atsogolere zomwe Campbell adazitcha kufufuza kodziimira - kutali kwambiri ndi zomwe Madokotala Opanda Malire adayitana. Kusunga kafukufuku m'nyumba ya asitikali ankhondo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi woti titha kupita ku chimodzi mwazolakwa zomwe zidapangidwa ndi Pentagon, m'malo mwa lipoti loti milandu yankhondo idachitika. Ngakhale kufufuzidwa kosakwanira kumeneku, komabe, kumakhala kochulukira kuposa momwe zimachitika anthu wamba akaphedwa ndi ziwawa za US ndipo palibe azungu kapena anthu odziwika kuti awawonere.

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