Wolemba Haig Hovaness, World BEYOND War, May 7, 2023
Zoperekedwa pa Meyi 4, 2023, Vietnam kupita ku Ukraine: Maphunziro a US Peace Movement Kukumbukira Kent State ndi Jackson State! Webinar yoyendetsedwa ndi Green Party Peace Action Committee; Peoples Network for Planet, Justice & Peace; ndi Green Party yaku Ohio
Lero ndipereka msonkho kwa Daniel Ellsberg, mwamuna yemwe amatchedwa m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika kwambiri m'mbiri ya America. Anasiya ntchito yake ndikuyika ufulu wake pachiswe kuti afotokoze zoona za nkhondo ya Vietnam ndipo anakhala zaka zotsatira akugwira ntchito yolimbikitsa mtendere. M'mwezi wa Marichi Dan adalemba pa intaneti kalata yolengeza kuti adapezeka ndi khansa yomaliza ndipo akuyenera kufa chaka chino. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyenera kuyamikira ntchito ya moyo wake.
Daniel Ellsberg anabadwa mu 1931 ku Chicago, Illinois. Anapita ku yunivesite ya Harvard, komwe adamaliza maphunziro a summa cum laude ndipo pambuyo pake adalandira PhD pazachuma. Atachoka ku Harvard, adagwira ntchito ku RAND Corporation, thanki yoganiza bwino yomwe inkachita nawo kafukufuku wankhondo. Panali pa nthawi yake ku RAND pamene Ellsberg adalowa nawo mu nkhondo ya Vietnam.
Poyamba, Ellsberg anachirikiza nkhondoyo. Koma pamene anayamba kuphunzira kwambiri za nkhondoyo, ndipo atalankhula ndi anthu otsutsa nkhondo, anakhumudwa kwambiri. Iye anapeza kuti boma linali kunamiza anthu a ku America ponena za mmene nkhondoyo ikuyendera, ndipo anakhulupirira kuti nkhondoyo siingagonjetse.
Mu 1969, Ellsberg adapanga chisankho chotulutsa Pentagon Papers, kafukufuku wachinsinsi wa Nkhondo ya Vietnam yomwe idalamulidwa ndi dipatimenti yachitetezo. Kafukufukuyu anasonyeza kuti boma linanamiza anthu a ku America ponena za mmene nkhondoyi ikuyendera, ndipo linasonyeza kuti boma lachita nawo ntchito zachinsinsi ku Laos ndi Cambodia.
Pambuyo poyesa kopanda phindu kuti achite chidwi ndi mamembala a Congress mu lipotilo, adapereka zikalatazo ku New York Times, yomwe inafalitsa nkhani mu 1971. bodza kwa anthu aku America za kupita patsogolo ndi zolinga zankhondo.
Pentagon Papers adawonetsa kuti boma la US lidakulitsa gawo lawo lankhondo mobisa ku Vietnam popanda njira yomveka yopambana. Mapepalawa anasonyezanso kuti akuluakulu a boma anasocheretsa anthu mwadala za mmene nkhondoyi ikuchitikira, mmene asilikali a dziko la United States akutenga nawo mbali, komanso mmene zinthu zingakhalire bwino.
Kusindikizidwa kwa Pentagon Papers kunasintha kwambiri mbiri ya America. Idawulula mabodza a boma pankhondoyi ndipo idagwedeza chikhulupiriro cha anthu aku America mwa atsogoleri awo. Zinapangitsanso kuti Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri ligamule chigamulo chomwe chinachirikiza ufulu wa atolankhani kufalitsa nkhani zachinsinsi.
Zochita za Ellsberg zinali ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Anaimbidwa mlandu wakuba ndi ukazitape, ndipo anali ndi mwayi wokhala m’ndende moyo wake wonse. Koma m’njira yodabwitsa, milandu imene ankaimbidwayo inathetsedwa pamene zinadziwika kuti boma lidachita nawo kafukufuku wa mawaya osaloledwa ndi anthu ena. Kuthetsedwa kwa milandu yotsutsana ndi Ellsberg kunali kupambana kwakukulu kwa ofotokozera nkhani komanso ufulu wa atolankhani, ndipo zinatsindika kufunikira kwa kuwonekera kwa boma ndi kuyankha mlandu.
Kulimba mtima kwa Ellsberg ndi kudzipereka kwake pachowonadi kunamupangitsa kukhala ngwazi kwa omenyera mtendere komanso mawu odziwika bwino mdera lodana ndi nkhondo. Kwa zaka zambiri Iye wakhala akupitiriza kulankhula momveka bwino pa nkhani za nkhondo, mtendere, ndi chinsinsi cha boma. Anali wotsutsa kwambiri za nkhondo za ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan, ndipo akutsutsabe ndondomeko ya nkhondo yakunja ya US yomwe ikuyambitsa ndi kulimbikitsa nkhondo m'madera ambiri masiku ano.
Kutulutsidwa kwa Pentagon Papers kunaphimba zoyesayesa zofanana za Ellsberg zowululira zowopsa zakukonzekera zida zanyukiliya zaku America. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, kuyesa kwake kumasula zida zankhondo za nyukiliya zinalephereka chifukwa cha kutaya mwangozi zolemba zachinsinsi zokhudzana ndi chiwopsezo cha nyukiliya. Pambuyo pake adatha kusonkhanitsanso izi ndikuzifalitsa mu 2017 m'buku, "The Doomsday Machine."
“The Doomsday Machine,” ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko yankhondo yanyukiliya ya boma la United States panthaŵi ya Cold War. Ellsberg akuwulula kuti US inali ndi ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito zida za nyukiliya mwachidwi, kuphatikizapo kutsutsana ndi mayiko omwe si a nyukiliya, komanso kuti ndondomekoyi ikugwirabe ntchito ngakhale pambuyo pa Cold War. Anawululanso kuti US nthawi zonse imawopseza adani ake pogwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Ellsberg adawulula chikhalidwe chowopsa chachinsinsi komanso kusowa kwa udindo wozungulira mfundo zanyukiliya zaku US, Adawulula kuti US idapanga mapulani "koyamba" kuwukira kwa nyukiliya ku Soviet Union, ngakhale kulibe kuukira kwa Soviet, komwe akuti kungachitike. zapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Ellsberg ananenanso kuti boma la United States lapereka mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu amadziwira, zomwe zikuwonjezera ngozi ya nkhondo ya nyukiliya mwangozi. Ananenanso kuti zida zanyukiliya zomwe sizimayendetsedwa bwino ku United States ndi "makina a tsiku lachiwonongeko" omwe akuyimira chiwopsezo chomwe chilipo kwa anthu. Bukhuli limapereka chenjezo lozama ponena za kuopsa kwa zida za nyukiliya ndi kufunikira kwa kuwonekera kwakukulu ndi kuyankha pa ndondomeko ya nyukiliya kuti ateteze tsoka lalikulu la padziko lonse.
Ntchito yomwe Dan Ellsberg adapereka nthawi yayitali ya moyo wake ikadali yosamalizidwa. Zasintha pang'ono mu mfundo zankhondo zakunja zaku United States kuyambira nthawi ya Vietnam. Ngozi ya nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi yaikulu kuposa kale lonse; Nkhondo yovomerezeka ya NATO ikuchitika ku Ulaya; ndipo Washington ikuchita zokopa zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuyambitsa nkhondo ndi China ku Taiwan. Monga momwe zinalili m'nthawi ya Vietnam, boma lathu limanama pa zomwe likuchita ndikubisa zochitika zowopsa kuseri kwa zinsinsi komanso zofalitsa zabodza.
Masiku ano, boma la United States likupitirizabe kuimba mlandu anthu oimbira milandu mwaukali. Ambiri adamangidwa ndipo ena, monga a Edward Snowden, athawa kuti apewe milandu yovuta. A Julian Assange akupitilizabe kuvutika m'ndende kudikirira kuti atulutsidwe m'ndende komanso kumangidwa kwa moyo wake wonse. Koma, m'mawu a Assange, kulimba mtima kumapatsirana, ndipo kutayikira kudzapitilira pomwe zolakwika zaboma zimawululidwa ndi anthu okhazikika. Zambiri zomwe Ellsberg adajambula kwa maola ambiri zitha kukopera masiku ano m'mphindi zochepa ndikufalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi pa intaneti. Tawonapo kale kutayikira kotereku ngati chidziwitso chaku US chokhudza nkhondo ya ku Ukraine zotsutsana ndi zomwe anthu aku US akuyembekeza. Zochita za Dan Ellsberg zidzalimbikitsa kulimba mtima kosawerengeka kwamtsogolo poyambitsa mtendere.
Ndikufuna kutsiriza mwa kuŵerenga gawo la kalata imene Dan analengeza za matenda ake ndi matenda ake.
Okondedwa abwenzi ndi othandizira,
Ndili ndi uthenga wovuta kuwauza. Pa February 17, popanda chenjezo lalikulu, ndinapezeka ndi khansa ya m’pancreatic yosagwira ntchito pamaziko a CT scan ndi MRI. (Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi khansa ya kapamba - yomwe ilibe zizindikiro zoyambirira - idapezeka poyang'ana china chake, chaching'ono). Pepani kukudziwitsani kuti madokotala andipatsa miyezi itatu kapena sikisi kuti ndikhale ndi moyo. Ndithudi, iwo amagogomezera kuti nkhani ya aliyense ndi payekha; zikhoza kukhala zambiri, kapena zochepa.
Ndikumva kuti ndili ndi mwayi komanso woyamikira kuti ndakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri kuposa zaka zitatu ndi khumi. ( Ndidzakhala ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu ziwiri pa April 7.) Ndikumva chimodzimodzi pakukhala ndi miyezi ingapo yowonjezereka yosangalala ndi moyo ndi mkazi wanga ndi banja langa, ndi kupitirizabe kukwaniritsa cholinga chofulumira chogwira ntchito ndi ena kuti apewe. Nkhondo ya nyukiliya ku Ukraine kapena Taiwan (kapena kwina kulikonse).
Nditakopera Pentagon Papers mu 1969, ndinali ndi zifukwa zomveka zoganizira kuti ndikhala m'ndende moyo wanga wonse. Zinali tsoka lomwe ndikadavomera mokondwera ngati zikutanthauza kufulumizitsa kutha kwa Nkhondo ya Vietnam, zokayikitsa momwe zimawonekera (ndipo zinali). Komabe pamapeto pake, izi - mwanjira zomwe sindikanawoneratu, chifukwa cha mayankho osaloledwa a Nixon - zidakhudza kufupikitsa nkhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha milandu ya Nixon, sindinatsekeredwe m'ndende yomwe ndimayembekezera, ndipo ndinatha zaka makumi asanu zapitazi ndi Patricia ndi banja langa, komanso ndi inu abwenzi anga.
Kuonjezera apo, ndinatha kuthera zaka zimenezo ndikuchita zonse zomwe ndingathe kuganiza kuti ndichenjeze dziko lapansi kuopsa kwa nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi kulowererapo molakwika: kukakamiza, kuphunzitsa, kulemba ndi kuyanjana ndi ena pochita zionetsero ndi kukana chiwawa.
Ndine wokondwa kudziwa kuti anthu miyandamiyanda—kuphatikiza anzanga ndi anzanga onse amene ndikulankhula nawo uthenga umenewu!—ali ndi nzeru, kudzipereka ndi kulimba mtima kuti apitirize kuchita zimenezi, ndiponso kuti agwire ntchito mosalekeza kuti apulumuke. dziko lathu ndi zolengedwa zake.
Ndine woyamikira kwambiri kukhala ndi mwayi wodziwa ndi kugwira ntchito ndi anthu otere, akale ndi amakono. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wanga wamwayi komanso wamwayi. Ndikufuna kukuthokozani nonse chifukwa cha chikondi ndi thandizo lomwe mwandipatsa m'njira zambiri. Kudzipereka kwanu, kulimba mtima, ndi kutsimikiza mtima kwanu kuchitapo kanthu zalimbikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa kuyesetsa kwanga.
Chokhumba changa kwa inu ndikuti pamapeto a masiku anu mudzamva chisangalalo ndi chiyamiko monga momwe ndikuchitira pano.
Wolemba, Daniel Ellsberg
Nkhondo yapachiweniweni isanayambe, mkulu wa bungwe la Union anafunsa asilikali ake kuti, “Munthu ameneyu akagwa, ndani anganyamule mbendera n’kupitirizabe?” Daniel Ellsberg molimba mtima ananyamula mbendera ya mtendere. Ndikukupemphani nonse kuti mugwirizane nane ponyamula mbenderayo ndi kupitiriza.
