Wolemba Ken Burrows, World BEYOND War, May 3, 2020
Pakati pa nkhondo ndi magulu aku US aku Afghanistan ndi Iraq, Kusiya Nthawi ina magaziniyi inali ndi mutu wa mutu wakuti, “Kodi Palibe Ntchito Zina Zankhondo?” Wolemba, Michael Kazin, adati nthawi ina, "Nkhondo ziwiri zachitali kwambiri m'mbiri ya America zilibe vuto lililonse, kutsutsana komwe kumachitika mkati mwa nkhondo zazikuluzonse zankhondo zomwe United States yamenya nkhondo mzaka ziwiri zapitazi."
Momwemonso, Allegra Harpootlian, wolemba Nation mu 2019, adaona kuti anthu aku America adapita kumisewu mu chaka cha 2017 kuwonetsa kuti ufulu wawo uli pachiwopsezo ndi zisankho komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa a Donald Trump, koma "Sakugwirizana nawo zatsopanozi, ngakhale patadutsa zaka zopitilira theka ndi theka la dziko lino lopanda zipatso, Nkhondo zowononga… zinali malingaliro odana ndi nkhondo. ”
Harpootlian analemba kuti: “Mungayang'ane kuchepa kwa mkwiyo wa anthu onse, ndipo mukuganiza kuti gulu lankhondo silikupezeka.”
Harpootlian adati ena owona akuti kusachita ntchito zankhondo kumakhala kopanda tanthauzo kuti Congress idaganiziratu kwambiri malingaliro a anthu omwe ali pachiwonetsero cha nkhondo, kapena kusayang'anira kwakukulu pankhani zankhondo ndi mtendere poyerekeza ndi nkhani zaumoyo. mavuto, komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Ena anena kuti zifukwa zowonjezerapo zopanda chidwi zitha kukhala ankhondo amakono odzipereka omwe amasiya moyo wa nzika zina osakhudzidwa komanso kuchuluka kwachinsinsi muukadaulo ndi zida zankhondo zomwe zimapangitsa nzika kukhala mumdima pakumenya kwa magulu ankhondo. nthawi zakale.
Kubweretsa ulemu pakulimbikitsa mwamtendere
Michael D. Knox, wogwirizira ntchito zankhondo, wophunzitsa, wazamisala, komanso wolemba, akukhulupirira kuti pali chifukwa chinanso chimodzi - mwina chifukwa chachikulu koposa zonse - cha otsika kwambiri okhudzana ndi nkhondo yankhondo. Ndipo sichinthu chongotuluka kumene. Ndikunena kuti sipanakhalepo kuzindikira zoyenera zokhudzana ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitika munkhondo, pagulu komanso chikhalidwe, ndipo sipanakhalepo ulemu woyenera komanso mayamiko kwa iwo omwe amalimba mtima kukana kuyambitsa kutentha.
Knox ali pa cholinga chokonza izi. Adapanga zida zopangira izi poyera. Ndi mbali ya polojekiti yayikulu yomwe ikuphatikiza cholinga chofuna kukhazikitsa Chikumbutso cha Mtendere ku US, moyenera likulu la dzikolo, kulemekeza ndi kukondwerera omenyera nkhondo, ofanana ndi momwe zikumbutso zambiri zomwe zilipo zimachitanso chimodzimodzi pomenya nkhondo zingapo mu mbiri ya America ndi ngwazi zawo zotemberera. Zambiri pa izi posachedwa.
Knox akufotokoza nzeru ndi zoyeserera zoyesayesa zake motere.
"Ku Washington, DC, powonera Chikumbutso cha Vietnam Veterans, Chikumbutso cha Nkhondo yaku Korea, ndi Chikumbutso cha Nkhondo Yadziko II zimabweretsa munthu modzidzimutsa kuti nkhondo ndi zochitika zathu zimayamikiridwa kwambiri. Koma palibe zikumbutso za dziko pano kuti zipereke uthenga woti gulu lathu limakondanso mtendere ndikuzindikira omwe achitapo kanthu kuti atsutse nkhondo imodzi kapena zingapo za US. Palibe chitsimikizo cha ntchito zankhondo ndipo palibe chikumbutso chothandizira kukhala chothandizira pazokambirana molimba mtima zoyesayesa zamtendere za Amereka kwazaka mazana angapo zapitazo.
"Gulu lathu liyenera kukhala lonyadira awo omwe amayesetsa kulowerera nkhondo ngati momwe zimachitikira ndi omwe akumenya nkhondo. Kuwonetsa kunyada kwadziko lino munjira zina zowoneka bwino kungalimbikitse ena kuti awone kuyimilira mwamtendere panthawi yomwe mawu okha ankhondo akumveka.
"Ngakhale kuti zoopsa komanso zoopsa zomwe zimadziwika kuti nkhondo sizimakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsira mtendere, ngakhale zili choncho ndi nkhondo, kuyimilira mtendere kumaphatikizapo kudzipereka kuyambitsa, kulimba mtima, kupereka ulemu, ndikudzipereka, monga kupewedwa ndi kunyozedwa ' pamzere 'm'midzi ndi m'magulu, ndipo ngakhale kumangidwa ndikuikidwa m'ndende chifukwa cha ntchito zankhondo. Chifukwa chake osachotsa chilichonse kwa iwo omwe akumenya nkhondo, Chikumbutso cha Mtendere ndi njira yokwaniritsira zabwino iwo omwe amagwirira ntchito mtendere m'malo mwake. Ulemu womwe anthu omenyera nkhondo amafunikira, komanso kulemekeza zoyenera kuchita kuti pakhale mwamtendere, zatha.
Kupewa nkhondo kuyenera kuzindikiridwa
Knox amavomereza kuti nkhondo idakhala ikuwonetsedwa pachikhalidwe komanso kuchitira limodzi zinthu limodzi mwamphamvu komanso m'malo modzipereka. Chifukwa chake ndikomveka kuti zikumbutso zimakhazikitsidwa kuti zivomereze zovuta zomwe zimachitika pankhondo ndikulemekeza odzipereka omwe atenga nawo mbali pazifukwa zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizokomera dziko lathu. "Zikumbutso izi zimazindikira zoopsa zankhondo zoopsa, zakupha, komanso nthawi zambiri zankhondo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zosaoneka bwino komanso zomangika momwe zikumbutso zankhondo zimamangidwira," adatero Knox.
"Mosiyana ndi izi, anthu aku America omwe amatsutsana ndi nkhondo komanso omwe amalolera m'malo mwa njira zina, zosagwirizana ndi kuthetsa kusamvana angathandize ndipo nthawi zina amathandizira kupewa kapena kutha nkhondo, potero kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kufalikira kwawo. Titha kunena kuti oyambitsa nkhondo amateteza, kupanga zotsatira zopulumutsa moyo, zotsatira zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe nkhondo zimapanga. Koma zoletsa izi zilibe mphamvu yopezetsa nkhondo, chifukwa chake ndikomveka kuti chikumbutso chokhazikitsa mtendere sichili champhamvu. Koma kuvomerezedwa ndizoyenera. Kusintha kwofananako kumachitikanso pazaumoyo pomwe kupewa matenda, komwe kumapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri, sikupatsidwa ndalama zokwanira ndipo sikumadziwika konse, pomwe mankhwala osintha komanso opaleshoni yayikulu yomwe ikukhudza moyo anthu ndi mabanja awo imakhala yokondweretsedwa moyenera. Koma kodi zopewerazi sizikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino? Kodi nawonso sayenera kutamandidwa? ”
Akumaliza kuti: "Pachikhalidwe chomwe chimalimbikitsa kutentha kwanyengo, ulemu wopitilira kukhazikitsa mtendere uyenera kuphunzitsidwa ndikuwongoleredwa. Chikumbutso cha dziko kwa ochita mtendere chingathandize kutero. Ikhoza kusintha malingaliro athu achikhalidwe kotero kuti sizingakhale zovomerezeka kuvomereza iwo omwe akutsutsa nkhondo yaku US ngati osakhala aku America, antimilitary, osakhulupirika, kapena osakonda dziko. M'malo mwake adzadziwika chifukwa chodzipereka pa ntchito zabwino. ”
Chikumbutso cha Mtendere chikuyamba kuchitika
Ndiye Knox ikuyenda bwanji pazinthu zake zokomera mtendere? Adakonza bungwe la US Peace Memorial Foundation (USPMF) mchaka cha 2005 ngati ambulera ya ntchito yake. Wadzipereka nthawi zonse kuyambira 2011 monga m'modzi mwa odzipereka 12. A Foundation amatenga nawo mbali pakufufuza, maphunziro ndi kupanga ndalama pang'onopang'ono, ndi cholinga chokumbukira ndi kulemekeza mamiliyoni a nzika zaku US / nzika zomwe zakhazikitsa mtendere polemba, kuyankhula, kuchita zionetsero komanso zina zosachita zaciwawa. Cholinga ndikuzindikira omwe ali zitsanzo zamtendere zomwe sizikulemekeza zakale zokha komanso kulimbikitsanso mibadwo yatsopano kugwira ntchito yothetsa nkhondo ndikuwonetsa kuti United States imakonda mtendere komanso kusasamala.
USPMF imakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zophatikizika. Ali:
- Sindikizani US Registry Peace. Kuphatikizidwa kwa pa intaneti kumeneku kumapereka chidziwitso mwatsatanetsatane, ndi zolemba zothandizira, za kayendetsedwe ka mtendere wamunthu komanso bungwe komanso zochitika zankhondo. Makonda amawunikiridwa ndikuvomerezedwa kwathunthu asanavomerezedwe kuti aphatikizidwe ndi USPMF Board of Directors.
- Landirani pachaka Mphoto Yamtendere ku US. Mphothoyi imazindikira anthu aku America odziwika bwino omwe adalimbikitsa poyera zokambirana ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse kuthana ndi mavuto apadziko lonse m'malo mwa mayankho ankhondo. Ochita bwino atenga nawo mbali polimbana ndi zida zankhondo monga kuwukira, kugwira ntchito, kupanga zida zowononga anthu ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, kuwopseza nkhondo, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimawopseza mtendere. Omwe adalandira kale adaphatikizapo Veterans for Peace, CODEPINK Women for Peace, Chelsea Manning, Noam Chomsky, Dennis Kucinich, Cindy Sheehan, ndi ena.
- Mapeto ake, pangani, ndikusunga US Peace Memorial. Gawoli liziwonetsa malingaliro a atsogoleri aku America ambiri - malingaliro omwe mbiri yakale samanyalanyaza - ndikulemba za nkhondo za US zomwe zikulimbana. Ndiukadaulo womwe ungathandizenso kupitiliza maphunziro, zikuwonetsa momwe anthu odziwika bwino komanso apano adathandizira kufunika kokhazikitsa mtendere ndikuti nkhondo ndi kukonzekera kwake kukayankhidwa. Mapangidwe enieni a Chikumbutso adalipobe m'masiku oyambirira a prototype, ndipo akuyembekezeredwa kumaliza (kwambiri) kukhazikitsidwa pa Julayi 4, 2026, deti wokhala ndi tanthauzo lodziwika. Izi, zachidziwikire, zimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza kuvomerezedwa ndi ma komisheni osiyanasiyana, kuchita bwino pakubweza ndalama, kuthandiza anthu ndi zina zambiri.
Maziko akhazikitsa zolinga zinayi zotsalira ndipo akupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Izi ndi izi:
- Otetezeka mamembala onse aku mayiko 50 (86% akwaniritsidwa)
- Lowetsani mamembala oyambitsa 1,000 (omwe apereka $ 100 kapena kuposa) (40% akwaniritsa)
- Phatikizani mbiri ya 1,000 mu Peace Registry (25% yakwaniritsidwa)
- Kutetezedwa $ 1,000,000 m'm zopereka (13% ikwaniritsidwa)
Gulu lomenyera nkhondo la 21st zaka zana
Pazifunso zomwe zatchulidwa koyambirira kwa nkhani ino — Kodi pali nkhondo ku America? -Knox angayankhe kuti inde, ilipo, ngakhale ilimbikitsidwa kwambiri. "Mmodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri za 'nkhondo', Knox akukhulupirira," ndikowonetsa mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu kuyambitsa 'bata'. Chifukwa chakuti pozindikira ndi kulemekeza ufulu wachipembedzo, nkhondo zankhondo zimayamba kuvomerezedwa, kulimbikitsidwa, komanso kulemekezedwa ndikulimbikira kuchita nawo ntchitoyi. ”
Koma Knox ndi woyamba kukhala wovomereza kuti vutoli ndi lovuta.
"Nkhondo ndi gawo la chikhalidwe chathu," adatero. "Kuchokera pamene tidakhazikitsidwa mu 1776, US yakhala mwamtendere kwazaka 21 zokha mwa zaka 244 zathu. Sitinakhalepo mpaka zaka khumi osamenya nkhondo kwinakwake. Ndipo kuyambira 1946, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, palibe dziko lina lomwe lidapha ndi kuvulaza anthu ambiri omwe amakhala kunja kwa malire ake, komwe nthawi yomwe US idagwetsa mabomba oposa 25, kuphatikiza mabomba oposa 26,000 munyengo imodzi yaposachedwa chaka. M'zaka khumi zapitazi nkhondo zathu zapha anthu osalakwa, kuphatikiza ana, m'maiko XNUMX achisilamu. " Amkhulupirira kuti ziwerengero zokha ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuvomereza bwino kuchitapo kanthu kuti pakhale mtendere ndi zina zotsutsana zomwe zikupereka.
Knox akuti kulengeza nkhondo yankhondo kuyeneranso kuyang'anizana ndi "zoopsa" zachiwonetsero zomwe zimawonetsa chikhalidwe chathu. "Kungolowa nawo gulu lankhondo," adatero, "munthu amapatsidwa ulemu ndi ulemu ngakhale atakhala kuti kapena ndi zomwe sanachite, kapena sanachite. Atsogoleri ambiri omwe akuthana ndi chisankho anena kuti asankhidwa kuti akhale atsogoleri. Anthu osamenya nkhondo nthawi zambiri amayenera kuteteza kukonda dziko lawo komanso kupereka chifukwa chomwe sanatumikire usilikali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti munthu sangafanane ndi dziko lokhala ndi ufulu wopanda zolemba usilikali. ”
"Nkhani ina yofunikira ndichikhalidwe ndichakuti kuzindikira kwazonse pazomwe tikuchita pakubwezeretsa nkhawa sikokwanira. Sitiphunzirapo za impiri, nkhondo, komanso nthawi zina kuphana komwe kumayendera limodzi ndi nkhondo yathu. Kupambana kwa asitikali kukanenedwa, sitimva za ngozi zomwe zatsatirapo, monga mizinda ndi zinthu zofunika kuwononga, okhala osalakwa adasanduka othawa kwawo osafunikira, kapena anthu wamba komanso ana ophedwa ndi olumala pazomwe zimadziwika kuti kuwonongeka kwaumbali.
"Komanso ana athu aku US samaphunzitsidwe kusinkhasinkha kapena kukangana pazinthu zowonongekazo kapena kuganizira njira zina zomwe zingachitike pa nkhondo. Palibe chilichonse pakati kapena pasukulu yasekondale yonena za kayendetsedwe ka mtendere kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu aku America omwe asonyeza kukana kulowa usilamu ndikuchita nawo nkhondo molimba mtima. ”
Knox akutsimikizira kuti tili ndi mphamvu zotha kuchitapo kanthu ndikusintha. "Ndi nkhani yosintha chikhalidwe chathu kuti nzika zambiri zimve bwino. Titha kulimbikitsa machitidwe odzetsa mtendere, kuzindikira zitsanzo zomwe tingatsanzire, kuchepetsa kusintha kosavomerezeka pakulimbikitsa mwamtendere ndikusintha zina ndi chithandiziro chabwino. Ngakhale sitingasokoneze aliyense yemwe wateteza malire athu ndi nyumba zawo kuchokera kunkhondo yakunja, tiyenera kudzifunsa funso ili: Kodi sizongokhala ngati nzika zadziko, ngakhale ndizofunikira, kuti anthu aku America ayimire pamtendere ndikuyimira kumbuyo Nkhondo? ”
"Potsimikizira kuti tili ndi mtima wokonda dziko lako mwakulemekeza mtendere," akutero Knox, "imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri ku US Peace Memorial Foundation."
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Mukufuna kuthandiza US Peace Memorial Foundation?
US Peace Memorial Foundation imafunikira ndikukulandila mitundu yambiri yothandizidwa. Zopereka za ndalama (msonkho). Malangizo olembetsa atsopano mu US Registry Peace. Othandizira ntchito ya Chikumbutso. Ofufuza. Ndemanga ndi osintha. Kukhazikitsa mwayi wolankhula kwa Dr. Knox. Othandiza othandizira samalipidwa ndalama pazithandizo zawo, koma Foundation imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana kuti azindikire zopereka za ndalama, nthawi, ndi mphamvu zomwe amapereka pantchitoyo.
Kuti mumve zambiri za momwe mungathandizire, pitani www.chalikchim.org ndi kusankha Muzikonza or Ndalama zosankha. Zambiri pazatsatanetsatane wa polojekiti ya Peace Peace ku US zikupezekanso patsamba lino.
Kuti mulumikizane ndi Dr. Knox mwachindunji, imelo Knox@USPeaceMemorial.org. Kapena imbani Foundation ku 202-455-8776.
Ken Burrows ndi mtolankhani wopuma pantchito ndipo pano ndi wolemba nkhani pawokha. Anali munthu wokana kulowa usilikali m'zaka zoyambilira za 70s, wodzifunsira ntchito zodzifunira, ndipo adagwira nawo ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana omenyera nkhondo komanso chilungamo.
