Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo cha Billion ya $ 350 Ingatipulumutse Ife Kutetezeka Kuposa $ 700 Billion War Machine

Wolemba Nicolas JS Davies, Epulo 15, 2019

US Congress yayamba kutsutsana pa bajeti yankhondo ya FY2020. The Bajeti ya FY2019 kwa US Department of Defense ndi $695 biliyoni ya madola. Purezidenti Trump pempho la bajeti kwa FY 2020 idzakwera kufika $718 biliyoni.

Kuwononga ndalama ndi Madipatimenti ena a federal akuwonjezera zoposa $ 200 biliyoni ku bajeti yonse ya "chitetezo cha dziko" ($ 93 biliyoni kwa Veterans' Affairs; $ 16.5 biliyoni ku Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu ya zida za nyukiliya; $ 43 biliyoni ku Dipatimenti ya Boma; ndi $ 52 biliyoni ku Dept. of Homeland Security).

Ndalamazi sizikuphatikiza chiwongola dzanja cha ngongole zaku US kuti zithandizire pankhondo zam'mbuyomu komanso kumanga magulu ankhondo, zomwe zimakweza mtengo weniweni wa US Military-Industrial Complex kupitilira madola thililiyoni pachaka.

Kutengera ndi ndalama ziti zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo, amadya kale pakati pa 53% ndi 66% ya federal discretionary spending (chiwongola dzanja sichili gawo lachiwerengero ichi chifukwa sichinthu chanzeru), ndikusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru pa chilichonse. zina.

Pamsonkhano wa Epulo 4 wa NATO ku Washington, US idakakamiza ogwirizana nawo a NATO kuti awonjezere ndalama zawo zankhondo ku 2% ya GDP. Koma a July 2018 nkhani ndi Jeff Stein mu Washington Post adalemba izi pamutu pake ndikuwunika momwe US ​​ingathandizire zosowa zathu zambiri zomwe sizinakwaniritsidwe m'malo mwake kuchepetsa wathu omwe ndalama zankhondo kufika pa 2% ya GDP kuchokera pa 3.5% -4%. Stein adawerengera kuti izi zitha kutulutsa $ 300 biliyoni pachaka pazinthu zina zofunika m'dziko, ndipo adafufuza njira zina zomwe ndalamazo zingagwiritsire ntchito, kuyambira pakuchotsa ngongole za ophunzira ndikupereka ndalama zopanda maphunziro kukoleji ndi maphunziro a pre-K padziko lonse lapansi mpaka kuthetsa umphawi wa ana. kusowa pokhala.

Mwinamwake kuti apange chinyengo cha kulingalira, Jeff Stein anagwira mawu Brian Riedl wa Manhattan Institute, yemwe anayesa kuthira madzi ozizira pa lingaliro lake. “Si nkhani yongogula mabomba ocheperako,” Riedl anamuuza motero. "United States imawononga $ 100,000 pagulu lililonse polipira - monga malipiro, nyumba (ndi) chithandizo chamankhwala."

Koma Riedl anali wosakhulupirika. Mmodzi mwa asanu ndi atatu okha za kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama zankhondo za pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yozizira ku US ndizolipira komanso zopindulitsa kwa asitikali aku US. Popeza ndalama zankhondo zaku US zidatsika mu 1998 pambuyo pa kutha kwa Cold War, ndalama zosinthidwa ndi kukwera kwa mitengo ya "Antchito" zakwera ndi pafupifupi 30%, kapena $ 39 biliyoni pachaka. Koma Pentagon ikuwononga $ 144.5 biliyoni pa "Kugula" kwa zombo zankhondo zatsopano, ndege zankhondo ndi zida zina ndi zida. Izi ndizoposa kuwirikiza kawiri zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1998, chiwonjezeko cha 124% kapena $80 biliyoni pachaka. Ponena za nyumba, Pentagon yachepetsa ndalama zomanga mabanja ankhondo ndi 70%, kungopulumutsa $ 4 biliyoni pachaka.

Gulu lalikulu kwambiri la ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo ndi "Ntchito ndi Kusamalira," zomwe tsopano zimakhala $ 284 biliyoni pachaka, kapena 41% ya bajeti ya Pentagon. Izi ndi $123 biliyoni (76%) kuposa mu 1998. “RDT&E” (kafukufuku, chitukuko, kuyezetsa ndi kuunika) imapanga $92 biliyoni, 72% kapena $39 biliyoni yowonjezereka kuposa 1998. (Ziwerengero zonsezi zasinthidwa ndi inflation, pogwiritsa ntchito Pentagon's "dollar yosalekeza" imachokera ku FY2019 DOD Buku la Green) Chotero chiwonjezeko chochulukira cha ndalama za ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo nyumba za mabanja, zimangokwana madola 35 biliyoni okha, gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi atatu a $278 biliyoni pachaka kukwera kwa ndalama zankhondo kuyambira 1998.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kukwera mtengo ku Pentagon, makamaka pagawo lokwera mtengo kwambiri la "Ntchito ndi Kusamalira" la bajeti, yakhala mfundo yopangira ntchito zomwe nthawi zonse zimachitidwa ndi asitikali kuti azipeza phindu "makontrakitala". Kuthamangitsidwa kumeneku kwakhala njanji yomwe sinachitikepo m'mabungwe ochita phindu.  

A phunziro 2018 ndi Congressional Research Service anapeza kuti $380 biliyoni ya $605 biliyoni FY2017 Pentagon base budget inathera m'thumba la makontrakitala amakampani. Gawo la bajeti ya "Ntchito ndi Kusamalira" lomwe laperekedwa lakula kuchoka pa 40% mu 1999 kufika pa 57% ya bajeti yaikulu lero - gawo lalikulu la chitumbuwa chokulirapo.

Opanga zida zazikulu kwambiri ku US apanga, kukopa ndipo tsopano akupindula kwambiri ndi mtundu watsopano wabizinesi. M'buku lawo, Top Secret America, Dana Priest ndi William Arkin adawulula momwe General Dynamics, idakhazikitsira ndikupita ku mbiri yake yambiri. Otsatira a Barack Obama, Banja la Crown la Chicago, lagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kuti likhale lalikulu kwambiri la IT ku boma la US.

Wansembe ndi Arkin adalongosola momwe makontrakitala a Pentagon monga General Dynamics adasinthira kuchoka pakupanga zida mpaka kusewera. ntchito yophatikizika m'zochitika zankhondo, kupha anthu omwe akutsata komanso dziko latsopano loyang'anira. "Kusinthika kwa General Dynamics kunazikidwa pa njira imodzi yosavuta," iwo analemba kuti: "Tsatirani ndalama."

Wansembe ndi Arkin adaulula kuti opanga zida zazikulu kwambiri apeza gawo la mikango pamapangano opindulitsa kwambiri. "Mwa makampani 1,900 kapena kuposa omwe amagwira ntchito zachinsinsi pakati pa chaka cha 2010, pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya ntchitoyo idachitidwa ndi 6% (110) ya iwo," Priest ndi Arkin anafotokoza. "Kuti timvetsetse momwe makampaniwa adatsogola pambuyo pa 9/11, palibe malo abwinoko kuposa ... General Dynamics."

Kusankha kwa Trump kwa membala wa bungwe la General Dynamics General James Mattis ngati Mlembi wake woyamba wa Chitetezo adawonetsa khomo lozungulira pakati pa magulu ankhondo, opanga zida ndi nthambi za boma zomwe zimalimbikitsa dongosolo lachinyengo lazankhondo. Izi ndi zomwe Purezidenti Eisenhower adachenjeza anthu aku America kuti asachite mawu ake otsanzikana mu 1960, pamene adayambitsa mawu akuti "Military-Industrial Complex."

Zoyenera kuchita?

Mosiyana ndi Riedl, William Hartung, mkulu wa Arms and Security Project ku Center for International Policy, adauza Washington Post kuti kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe Jeff Stein ankaganizira zinali osati zopanda nzeru. "Ndikuganiza kuti ndi zomveka poteteza dziko," adatero Hartung, "Ngakhale mungafune njira yochitira izi."

Njira yotereyi iyenera kuyambira pakuwunika kowoneka bwino kwa 67%, kapena $278 biliyoni pachaka, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo pakati pa 1998 ndi 2019.

• Kuwonjezekaku kuli bwanji chifukwa cha zisankho za atsogoleri aku US kumenya nkhondo zoopsa ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Somalia, Libya, Syria ndi Yemen?  
• Ndipo zotsatira zake zankhondo zamafakitale ndi zochuluka bwanji zomwe zimathandizira kuti nkhondoyi ipezeke ndalama pamindandanda yazofuna zankhondo zatsopano zankhondo, ndege zankhondo ndi zida zina zankhondo komanso zachinyengo zamakampani omwe ndawafotokozera kale?

The bipartisan 2010 Gulu la Chitetezo Chokhazikika woyitanidwa ndi Congressman Barney Frank mu 2010 adayankha mafunso awa kwa nthawi ya 2001-2010, pomaliza kuti 43% yokha ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo zinali zokhudzana ndi nkhondo zankhondo zaku US zomwe zidamenyedwa, pomwe 57% sizinali zokhudzana ndi nkhondo zomwe zikuchitika.  

Kuyambira 2010, pomwe US ​​idapitilirabe komanso kukulitsa nkhondo zamlengalenga ndi ntchito zophimba, yabweretsa kwawo ambiri ankhondo ake ochokera ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq, ndikupereka mabwalo ndi ntchito zankhondo zapansi kwa asitikali akumaloko. Bajeti ya FY2010 Pentagon inali $ Biliyoni 801.5, mabiliyoni ochepa okha omwe amanyalanyaza bajeti ya Bush ya $806 biliyoni ya FY2008, mbiri ya pambuyo pa WW II. Koma mu 2019, ndalama zankhondo zaku US ndizotsika $ 106 biliyoni (kapena 13%) kuposa mu 2010.   

Kuwonongeka kwa mabala ang'onoang'ono kuyambira 2010 kukuwonetseratu kuti kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano sikukhudzana ndi nkhondo. Ngakhale ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza zidatsika ndi 15.5% ndipo ndalama zomanga zankhondo zatsika ndi 62.5%, bajeti ya Pentagon yogula zinthu ndi RDT&E idangodulidwa ndi 4.5% kuyambira pachimake cha 2010 chakukwera kwa Obama ku Afghanistan. (Apanso, ziwerengero zonsezi zili mu "FY2019 Constant Dollars" kuchokera ku Pentagon's DOD Buku la Green.)

Ndalama zambiri zitha kuchotsedwa ku bajeti yankhondo pongogwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa malangizo omwe asitikali amadzinyadira momwe amawonongera ndalama za dziko lathu. Pentagon yatsimikiza kale kuti iyenera pafupi 22% za mabungwe ake ankhondo ku US ndi padziko lonse lapansi, koma mabiliyoni ambiri a madola omwe Trump ndi Congress akupitilira kusefukira maakaunti ake apangitsa kuti asiye kutseka mazana ambiri osafunikira.  

Koma kusintha mfundo zankhondo zaku US ndi zakunja kumafuna zambiri kuposa kungotseka maziko osafunikira ndikuthana ndi zinyalala zomwe zafala, chinyengo komanso nkhanza. Pambuyo pa zaka 20 zankhondo, ndi nthawi yapitayi kuvomereza kuti nkhondo yankhanza yomwe US ​​idatengera kugwiritsa ntchito udindo wake ngati "mphamvu yayikulu yokha" itatha Cold War, ndiyeno kuyankha milandu ya September 11th, yakhala ikulephera koopsa ndi kwamagazi, kupangitsa dziko kukhala loopsa kwambiri popanda kupanga Amereka kukhala otetezeka.

Chifukwa chake US ikuyang'anizananso ndi kufunikira kwa mfundo zakunja kwachangu pakudzipereka kwatsopano ku mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, zokambirana ndi malamulo a mayiko. Kudalira kosaloledwa kwa US pakuwopseza ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ngati chida chachikulu chadziko lathu lakunja ndikuwopseza dziko lonse lapansi kuposa mayiko aliwonse omwe US ​​​​adaukirapo kuyambira 2001 adapita ku United States.

Koma ngati Gulu la Military-Industrial Complex limagwiritsa ntchito chuma cha dziko lathu kumenya nkhondo zoopsa kapena kungoyika matumba ake, kusunga makina ankhondo a madola thililiyoni omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe zidachitika. zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi gulu lankhondo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi atayikidwa palimodzi amapanga chiwopsezo chokhazikika. Monga Madeleine Albright pa gulu losintha la Clinton mu 1992, olamulira atsopano aku US adalowa m'maudindo akufunsa kuti, "Ubwino ndi chiyani kukhala ndi gulu lankhondo lodabwitsali lomwe mukunena nthawi zonse ngati sitiloledwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito?"

Chifukwa chake kukhalapo kwa gulu lankhondo ili ndi malingaliro omwe adapangidwa kuti adzilungamitsira okha, zomwe zimabweretsa chinyengo chowopsa chomwe US ​​​​ingathe ndipo iyenera kuyesa kukakamiza maiko ena ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

A Progressive Foreign Policy

Ndiye njira ina, yopita patsogolo yakunja yaku US ingawoneke bwanji?  

• Ngati United States ikanatsatira kukana nkhondo monga "chida cha mfundo za dziko" mu 1928 Kellogg Briand Pact ndi kuletsa kuopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu UN Charter, ndi Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo yotani yomwe tingafune? Yankho ndi lodziwikiratu: Dipatimenti ya Kudziteteza.
• Ngati US idadzipereka ku zokambirana zazikulu ndi Russia, China ndi mayiko ena okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kuti awononge pang'onopang'ono zida zathu za nyukiliya, monga adagwirizana kale mu Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), US ingalowe mwachangu bwanji Pangano la 2017 pa Kuletsa Zida za Nyukiliya (TPNW), kuchotsa chiwopsezo chachikulu chomwe chilipo chomwe tonsefe timakumana nacho? Yankho ili limadziwonetseranso lokha: mwamsanga ndi bwino.
• Tikapanda kugwiritsanso ntchito magulu athu ankhondo ndi zida kuwopseza nkhanza zosaloledwa motsutsana ndi mayiko ena, ndi zida ziti za zida zathu zowononga bajeti zomwe tingapange ndikusunga ziwerengero zing'onozing'ono? Ndipo tingachite chiyani popanda kotheratu? Mafunso awa angafunike kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane komanso molimba mtima, koma ayenera kufunsidwa - ndikuyankhidwa.

Phyllis Bennis wa Institute for Policy Studies adayamba bwino kuyankha ena mwa mafunsowa pamlingo woyambira Nkhani ya August 2018 in Mu Nthawi Zino lotchedwa, "A Bold Foreign Policy Platform for the New Wave of Left Lawmakers." Bennis analemba kuti:

"Ndondomeko yopita patsogolo yakunja iyenera kukana ulamuliro wankhondo wa US ndi chuma m'malo mwake ikhazikike mu mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ufulu wa anthu, kulemekeza malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi komanso mwayi wokambirana pankhondo."

Bennis anapereka:

• Kukambitsirana kwakukulu kwamtendere ndi kuchotsa zida ndi Russia, China, North Korea ndi Iran;
• Kuthetsa NATO ngati chinthu chosatha komanso chowopsa cha Cold War;
• Kuthetsa mchitidwe wodzikwaniritsa wachiwawa ndi chipwirikiti choyambitsidwa ndi gulu lankhondo la US la "War on Terror";
• Kuthetsa thandizo lankhondo la US ndi thandizo laukazembe lopanda malire kwa Israeli;
• Kuthetsa nkhondo za US ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria ndi Yemen;
• Kuthetsa ziwopsezo za US ndi zilango zachuma ku Iran, North Korea ndi Venezuela;
• Kubwezeretsanso zankhondo zomwe zikuchitika pakati pa US ndi Africa ndi Latin America.

Ngakhale popanda ndondomeko yopita patsogolo yomwe ingasinthe machitidwe ankhondo aku US omwe alipo, Barney Frank's 2010. Gulu la Chitetezo Chokhazikikaakufuna kuchepetsa pafupifupi madola thililiyoni pazaka khumi. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za malingaliro ake zinali:

• Kuchepetsa kaimidwe ka nyukiliya ku US ku zida za nyukiliya za 1,000 pamasitima apamadzi a 7 ndi zida za 160 Minuteman;
• Chepetsani mphamvu za gulu lonse ndi 50,000 (pochotsa pang'ono ku Asia ndi Europe);
• Sitima yapamadzi ya 230, yokhala ndi zonyamulira ndege za 9 "zazikulu-zikuluzikulu" (tsopano tili ndi 11, kuphatikiza 2 yomwe ikumangidwa ndi 2 ina pa dongosolo, kuphatikiza 9 "zombo zankhondo zowononga" kapena zonyamula helikopita);
• Mapiko awiri ochepera a Air Force;
• Gulani njira zotsika mtengo kuposa za F-35 womenya, MV-22 Osprey vertical take-off, Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle ndi KC-X air tanker;
• Kusintha pamwamba-kulemera magulu ankhondo ankhondo (mmodzi wamkulu kapena admiral pa 1,500 asitikali mu 2019);
• Sinthani machitidwe azachipatala ankhondo.

Ndiye tingatani kuti tichepetse ndalama zomwe zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira zankhondo potengera kusintha kwakukulu kwa mfundo zakunja zaku US komanso kudzipereka kwatsopano pamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi?

US idapanga ndikumanga zida zankhondo kuti ziwopseza ndikuchita zankhondo zokhumudwitsa kulikonse padziko lapansi. Imayankha pamavuto, kulikonse komwe ali komanso kuphatikiza zovuta zomwe zidadzipangira zokha, polengeza kuti "zosankha zonse zili patebulo," kuphatikiza kuwopseza gulu lankhondo. Kumeneko ndikuwopseza kosaloledwa, kuphwanya malamulo Mgwirizano wa UN kuletsa kuwopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Akuluakulu a ku United States amavomereza pazandale kuopseza kwawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ponena kuti "ayenera kuteteza zofuna za US." Koma, monga mlangizi wamkulu wazamalamulo ku UK anauza boma lake Pa nthawi ya zovuta za Suez mu 1956, "Pempho lofuna zinthu zofunika kwambiri, lomwe lakhala chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za nkhondo m'mbuyomu, ndilo lomwe Charter ya (UN) inafuna kuti ichotsedwe ngati maziko omenyera nkhondo. dziko lina.”   

Dziko limodzi lomwe likuyesera kukakamiza mayiko ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi poopseza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu si lamulo lalamulo - ndilo lamulo. imperialism. Opanga mfundo ndi andale opita patsogolo ayenera kulimbikira kuti dziko la United States liyenera kutsatira malamulo omangika a malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi omwe mibadwo yam'mbuyomu ya atsogoleri a US ndi akuluakulu aboma adagwirizana nawo komanso momwe timaweruzira machitidwe a mayiko ena. Monga momwe mbiri yathu yaposachedwa ikusonyezera, njira ina ndi njira yodziwikiratu kutsika kwa malamulo a nkhalango, ndi ziwawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira ndi chipwirikiti m'maiko ndi mayiko.

Kutsiliza

Choyamba, kuthetsa zida zathu za nyukiliya kudzera m'mapangano a mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi mapangano ochotsera zida sikutheka. Ndikofunikira.

Kenako, ndi ndege zingati zonyamula zida zanyukiliya “zapamwamba” zingati zomwe tidzafunika kuti titeteze magombe athu, tigwire nawo limodzi ntchito yothandiza kuti mayendedwe oyendetsa sitima zapadziko lonse akhale otetezeka komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito zovomerezeka za UN zosungitsa mtendere? Yankho la funsoli ndi nambala yomwe tiyenera kusunga ndi kuisamalira, ngakhale itakhala ziro.

Kusanthula kolimba komweko kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilichonse chomwe chili mu bajeti yankhondo, kuyambira kutseka zoyambira mpaka kugula zida zambiri zomwe zilipo kapena zatsopano. Mayankho a mafunso onsewa akuyenera kuzikidwa pachitetezo chovomerezeka cha dziko lathu, osati pa ndale aliyense waku US kapena zilakolako za wamkulu kuti "apambane" nkhondo zosaloledwa kapena kugonjetsera mayiko ena ku chifuniro chawo mwankhondo zachuma komanso "zosankha zonse zili patebulo" ziwopsezo. .

Kusintha uku kwa mfundo zakunja ndi chitetezo ku US kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi diso limodzi pazolemba za Purezidenti Eisenhower. zokambirana. Sitiyenera kulola kusinthika kofunikira kwa makina ankhondo aku US kukhala dipatimenti yovomerezeka yachitetezo kuti iziwongoleredwa kapena kuipitsidwa ndi "chikoka chosayenera" cha Military-Industrial Complex.  

Monga Eisenhower ananenera, "Nzika yokhayo yatcheru komanso yodziwa bwino yomwe ingathe kukakamiza makina akuluakulu a chitetezo cha mafakitale ndi ankhondo ndi njira zathu zamtendere ndi zolinga zathu, kuti chitetezo ndi ufulu ziyende bwino."

Chifukwa cha gulu lodziwika bwino la Medicare For All, anthu ambiri aku America tsopano amvetsetsa kuti mayiko omwe ali ndi chithandizo chamankhwala padziko lonse lapansi ali zotsatira za thanzi labwino kuposa US pamene ndalama zokha theka la zomwe timawononga pa chisamaliro chaumoyo. Dipatimenti yovomerezeka ya Chitetezo idzatipatsanso zotsatira zabwino za ndondomeko zakunja zosaposa theka la mtengo wa makina athu ankhondo omwe akuwononga bajeti.

Membala aliyense wa Congress akuyenera kuvota motsutsana ndi gawo lomaliza la bajeti yankhondo yowononga, yachinyengo komanso yowopsa ya FY2020. Ndipo monga gawo la kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kovomerezeka kwa malamulo akunja ndi chitetezo ku US, Purezidenti wotsatira wa United States, aliyense amene angakhale, akuyenera kuziyika patsogolo kuchepetsa ndalama zankhondo zaku US ndi 50%.

Nicolas JS Davies ndiye mlembi wa Magazi Pamanja Pathu: Kuukira kwa America ndi Kuwononga Iraq, ndi mutu wakuti “Obama At War” mu Kusankha Purezidenti wa 44. Iye ndi wofufuza wa CODEPINK: Women For Peace, komanso wolemba pawokha yemwe ntchito yake yafalitsidwa kwambiri ndi zofalitsa zodziyimira pawokha, zosagwira ntchito.