Maboma Opondereza 50 Othandizidwa ndi Boma la US

Kuchokera ku Otsutsa 20 Pano Omwe Akuthandizidwa ndi US lolemba ndi David Swanson, Marichi 19, 2020

Wolamulira mwankhanza ndi munthu m'modzi yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo kuposa boma kotero anthu ena amatcha "mphamvu zonse." Pali madera ankhanza, kapena - ngati mungakonde - anthu omwe ali olamulira mwankhanza pang'ono kapena mwankhanza. Maboma opondereza omwe amaletsa ufulu, kukana kutenga nawo mbali, komanso kuzunza ufulu wa anthu amakhala mokwanira, koma osati kwathunthu, ndi olamulira mwankhanza. Chifukwa pali maphunziro ndi masanjidwe ochulukirapo a maboma opondereza kuposa olamulira mwankhanza, ndipo chifukwa vuto ndi kuponderezana, osati amene amachita, ndiyang'ana kaye pang'ono pamndandanda wamaboma opondereza, ndisanatembenukire ku mutu wa olamulira mwankhanza omwe amayendetsa ambiri a iwo.

Mu 2017, Rich Whitney adalemba nkhani ya Trueout.org yotchedwa "US Ithandiza Kugwira Ntchito Zankhondo Kuzungulira 73 Peresenti Ya Kuzunza Anthu Padziko Lonse."

Whitney anali kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "olamulira mwankhanza" ngati lingaliro lovuta la "maboma opondereza" Gwero lake pamndandanda wamaboma opondereza padziko lapansi anali Freedom House. Mwadala adasankha bungwe lochokera ku US komanso boma la US ngakhale panali zomveka pakati pa boma la US pazisankho zake. Nyumba ya Ufulu yakhalapo wotsutsa kwambiri, osati kungopezedwa ndalama ndi boma limodzi (kuphatikiza ndalama kuchokera kumaboma ochepa omwe amagwirizana) pomwe akupanga masanjidwe aboma, osati kungoyimba kutsutsa kwa adani omwe asankhidwa ndi US komanso m'malo mwa omwe asankhidwa ndi US, komanso kutenga US ndalama zochitira zinthu zobisika ku Iran ndikuthandizira wosankhidwa ku Ukraine. Izi ndi zifukwa zomveka zokhalira ndi mndandanda wa mayiko omwe akuwatcha kuti Freedom House. Izi ndizotheka momwe boma la United States limaonera mayiko ena, monga momwe zimaphatikizira kutsutsa kwambiri malamulo am'nyumba za United States. Mndandanda wochokera ku Freedom House ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa, ndipo uli pansipa, ndi a US State department Kufotokoza za kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu m'dziko lililonse.

Nyumba yaufulu kuchuluka mitundu monga "mfulu," "mwaulere pang'ono," komanso "osakhala mfulu." Izi zikuyenera kutengera ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso ufulu wandale mdziko muno, mwina osaganizira zomwe dziko lingakhudze padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, dziko likhoza kufalitsa ufulu padziko lonse lapansi ndikuchepetsa kwambiri, kapena kufalitsa kuponderezana padziko lonse lapansi ndikukwera kwambiri, kutengera mfundo zake zapakhomo.

Ufulu Nyumba sikuti, amangokhala olamulira mwankhanza. Ena a zomwe zimaganizira zikukhudza kuvomerezeka ndi mphamvu kwa mtsogoleri wadziko, koma ngati boma lolamulidwa kwathunthu ndi gulu lalikulu limapondereza anthu, ndiye kuti boma liyenera kutchedwa "Osamasulidwa" ndi Freedom House ngakhale silinali olamulira mwankhanza m'njira yoti akulamulidwa ndi munthu wosakwatira.

Freedom House ikuwona mayiko 50 otsatirawa (kutenga mndandanda wa mayiko a Freedom House osati madera okha) kukhala "osakhala mfulu": Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Cuba, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.

Boma la US limalola, limakonzekera, kapena nthawi zina limapereka ndalama zothandizira, kugulitsa zida zaku US ku mayiko 41 mwa awa. Ndiwo 82 peresenti. Kuti ndipange chiwerengerochi, ndayang'ana pa zida zankhondo zaku US pakati pa 2010 ndi 2019 monga zalembedwa ndi a Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Zida Zamalonda Zamalonda, kapena asitikali aku US mu chikalata chotchedwa "Kugulitsa Kunkhondo Kwakunja, Kugulitsa Kwamagulu Ankhondo Ndi Mgwirizano Wachitetezo Chakale: Kuyambira pa Seputembara 30, 2017." Izi ndi 41: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini (omwe kale anali Swaziland), Ethiopia, Gabon, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Oman, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.

Kumbukirani, uwu ndi mndandanda wamayiko omwe bungwe lolipiridwa ndi boma la US limatchula "osati mfulu" koma komwe United States ikutumiza zida zowopsa. Ndipo awa ndi 82% a mayiko "osakhala mfulu", omwe samawoneka ngati nkhani ya "maapulo oyipa" ochepa. M'malo mwake, imawoneka ngati mfundo yofananira. Mmodzi amakonda kutanthauzira chifukwa chake 82% si 100% kuposa chifukwa chake si 0%. M'mayiko asanu ndi anayi "osamasuka" kumene United States sikutumiza zida, ambiri mwa iwo (Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, ndi Venezuela) ndi mayiko omwe amadziwika kuti ndi adani ndi boma la US, monga zifukwa zowonjezera bajeti zikuwonjezeka ndi Pentagon, zowonongedwa ndi atolankhani aku US, ndikuwatsutsa ndi zilango zazikulu (ndipo nthawi zina amayesa kulanda boma kapena kuwopseza nkhondo). Udindo wamayiko ngati adani osankhidwa nawonso, malinga ndi otsutsa ena a Freedom House, ukugwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe ena mwa iwo adalowa nawo mndandanda wa "osakhala mfulu" m'malo mokhala "mwaufulu" mayiko.

Kupatula kugulitsa ndi kupatsa zida maboma opondereza, boma la US limaphatikizanso zida zamakono za zida. Izi zikuphatikiza zitsanzo zopitilira muyeso monga CIA yopereka mapulani a bomba la nyukiliya ku Iran, Akuluakulu a Trump akufuna kugawana ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi Saudi Arabia, ndi ankhondo aku US akuyika zida za nyukiliya ku Turkey ngakhale Turkey ikulimbana ndi omenyera kumbuyo aku US ku Syria ndikuwopseza kutseka maziko a NATO, komanso kufalitsa tekinoloje ya drone kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi.

Tsopano, tiyeni titenge mndandanda wa maboma opondereza 50 kuti tiwone omwe boma la United States limapereka maphunziro ankhondo. Pali thandizo losiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakuphunzitsa kosi imodzi ya ophunzira anayi mpaka kupereka maphunziro angapo kwa ophunzirira masauzande ambiri. United States imapereka maphunziro amtundu uliwonse ku 44 kuchokera 50, kapena 88%. Ndikukhazikitsa izi kuti ndipeze maphunziro oterewa omwe ali mu 2017 kapena 2018 mu chimodzi mwazinthu izi: US State department's Ripoti Lophunzitsa Zankhondo Zakunja: Zaka Zachuma 2017 ndi 2018: Lipoti Lophatikizidwa ku Ma Voliyumu I ndi II, ndi bungwe la United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Kulungamitsidwa kwa Bajeti ya 2018: MALO OGULITSIRA: MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA: Chaka Chuma XNUMX. Nayi 44: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Brunei, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini (omwe kale anali Swaziland), Ethiopia, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos, Libya, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen.

Apanso, mndandandandawu suwoneka ngati zinthu zochepa zowerengera, koma monga mfundo yokhazikitsidwa. Zosiyanazi zingapo ndizophatikiza Cuba ndi North Korea pazifukwa zomveka. Chifukwa chomwe amaphatikizira Syria pankhaniyi osati pankhani yogulitsa zida ndi chifukwa cha masiku omwe ndaletsa kufufuza uku. United States idachoka ndikugwira ntchito ndi boma la Syria kuyesera kuti iligonjetse (pomanga zida ndikugwira ntchito ndi zigawenga zaku Syria m'malo ndi boma).

Ndikukayikira kuti ambiri ku United States sanadziwe kuti mu 2019, zaka zambiri izi zitachitika pa Seputembara 11, 2001, gulu lankhondo ku US likuphunzitsa omenyera nkhondo aku Saudi kuti awombere ndege ku Florida mpaka m'modzi mwa iwo atapanga uthenga pakuwombera mkalasi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbiri yakale yophunzitsidwa ndi asirikali aku US kwa asitikali akunja, kudzera m'maofesi ngati Sukulu ya America (yotchedwa Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation) imapereka njira yokhayo yothandizira maboma opondereza, koma kuthandiza nawo kuti adzathe kupuma.

Tsopano tiyeni titenge limodzi pamndandanda wa maboma opondereza 50, chifukwa kuwonjezera pakuwagulitsa (kapena kuwapatsa) zida ndikuwaphunzitsa, boma la US limaperekanso ndalama mwachindunji kwa asitikali akunja. Mwa maboma opondereza 50, monga adalembedwera ndi Freedom House, 32 amalandira "ndalama zakunja zakunja" kapena ndalama zina zankhondo kuchokera kuboma la US, ndi - ndizabwino kunena - kukwiya pang'ono muma media aku US kapena kwa omwe amapereka msonkho ku US kuposa timamva za kupereka chakudya kwa anthu ku United States omwe ali ndi njala. Mndandandawu ndakhazikitsa pa United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Kulungamitsidwa kwa Bajeti ya 2017: ZOTHANDIZA ZOYENERA: ZOLENGA ZABWINO: Chaka Chuma XNUMXndipo Kulungamitsidwa kwa Bajeti ya 2018: MALO OGULITSIRA: MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA: Chaka Chuma XNUMX. Nayi 33: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Cambodia, Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa), Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini (omwe kale anali Swaziland), Ethiopia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Laos , Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.

Mwa maboma opondereza 50, United States imathandizira pankhondo imodzi mwanjira zitatu zomwe takambiranazi pamwambapa 48 kapena 96 peresenti, onse kupatula adani osankhidwa a Cuba ndi North Korea. Ndi ena a iwo, asitikali aku US amapitilira zomwe takambirana mu ubale wawo ndi kuthandizira maboma oponderezawo. M'mayiko awa, United States zapansi ambiri mwa asitikali (mwachitsanzo opitilira 100): Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cuba *, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, ndi United Arab Emirates. Mwaukadaulo Cuba ili mndandandandawu, koma ndiwosiyana ndi enawo. United States imasunga asitikali ku Cuba motsutsana ndi otsutsa aku Cuba ndipo sanagwirizane ndi boma la Cuba. Zachidziwikire, Iraq tsopano yapempha asitikali aku US kuti achoke, ndikuyiyika pafupi ndi Cuba.

Nthawi zina, gulu lankhondo limapita patali. Asitikali aku US akumenya nkhondo mothandizana ndi Saudi Arabia motsutsana ndi anthu aku Yemen, komanso akumenya nkhondo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan pochirikiza maboma opondereza (monga akufotokozera ndi Ufulu wa Nyumba ndi dipatimenti ya US State) yomwe idapangidwa ndi kutsogoleredwa ndi US nkhondo. Maboma omwe adapangidwa ndi ntchito zakunja ndi oponderezedwa komanso achinyengo ndipo amakonda kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuti nkhondo ziziyenda motsatira kuti mikono ndi madola ndi asitikali azichoka ku United States. Komabe, boma la Iraq lapempha asitikali aku US kuti atuluke, ndipo zokambirana za mgwirizano wamtendere ku Afghanistan zikupitilirabe.

Nthawi yomweyo, United States idakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa a Muslim, a Trump, kuletsa kuyenda ochokera kumayiko ambiri omwe zida zankhondo zaku United States, kuphatikiza Eritrea, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, ndi Yemen. Mmodzi sangafune kuti aliyense amene ali ndi zida zoopsa akuyenda.

Gwero lina la mndandanda wa olamulira mwankhanza ndi CIA yomwe amalipirira Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Pazandale. Pofika chaka cha 2018, gululi lidazindikira mayiko 21 ngati odziyimira pawokha, 23 ngati anocracies (maulamuliro kukhala osakaniza a demokalase ndi demokalase), ndi ena onse ngati anocracies, demokalase, kapena demokalase yathunthu. Maulamulilo 21 ndi awa: Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Eswatini (omwe kale anali Swaziland), Syria, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Izi zikuwonjezera Bangladesh ndi Kuwait pamndandanda wamayiko omwe tikuyang'ana. Asitikali aku US amathandizira onse awiri ndi ena onse omwe atchulidwa pano, kupatula North Korea.

Chifukwa chake tikuwona mndandanda wa maboma opondereza 50. Kodi ndi mndandanda woyenera? Kodi mitundu ina iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwonjezeredwa? Ndipo olamulira mwankhanza ndi ati, ndipo olamulira mwankhanzawo ndi ati?

Kupitilirabe Otsutsa 20 Pano Omwe Akuthandizidwa ndi US