Ndi David Swanson
"Lingaliro la 'nkhondo yothandiza anthu' likadamveka m'makope a omwe adalemba Mgwirizano wa UN mwachidule Hitler, chifukwa n'zimene Hitler analungamitsa pamene anaukira dziko la Poland zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi m'mbuyomo. ” - Michael Mandel
Zaka XNUMX zapitazo, NATO inali kuphulitsa bomba ku Yugoslavia. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta kuti anthu amvetsetse omwe amakhulupirira Nowa filimu ndi mbiri yakale, koma: Chimene boma lanu linakuuzani za kubomba kwa Kosovo kunali zabodza. Ndipo ndizofunika.
pamene Rwanda kodi ndi nkhondo yomwe anthu ambiri osazindikira omwe amalakalaka akadakhala nawo (kapena m'malo mwake, akufuna kuti ena akadakhala nawo), Yugoslavia ndiye nkhondo yomwe amasangalala nayo - nthawi iliyonse nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse italephera kukhala chitsanzo cha nkhondo yatsopano iwo alowa-mkati Syria mwachitsanzo, kapena Ukraine - womalizira, monga Yugoslavia, wina borderland pakati pakummawa ndi kumadzulo omwe akugulitsidwa.
Gulu la mtendere ndilo kusonkhana ku Sarajevo chilimwechi. Nthawiyo ikuwoneka yoyenera kukumbukira momwe nkhondo yankhanza ya NATO itatha, nkhondo yake yoyamba itatha-Cold-War kuti iwonetse mphamvu zake, kuopseza Russia, kukakamiza chuma chamakampani, ndikuwonetsa kuti nkhondo yayikulu imatha kupha onse omwe avulala mbali imodzi (kupatula kuchokera ku ngozi za helikopita zomwe zidadzichitikira) - momwe izi zidaperekedwera kwa ife ngati mphatso yachifundo.
Kupha sikunaleke. NATO ikupitilizabe kukulitsa umembala ndi ntchito yake, makamaka m'malo ngati Afghanistan ndi Libya. Zili ndi kanthu momwe izi zinayambira, chifukwa zidzakhala kwa ife kuziletsa.
Ena a ife tinali tisanabadwe kapena tinali achichepere kwambiri kapena otanganidwa kwambiri kapena okonda chipani cha Democratic kapena tinagwirabe malingaliro akuti malingaliro ambiri siopenga kwenikweni. Sitinatcheru khutu kapena tinangogwera mabodzawo. Kapenanso sitinachite mabodza, koma sitinapeze njira yopezera anthu ambiri kuti aziwayang'ana.
Nayi malingaliro anga. Pali mabuku awiri omwe aliyense ayenera kuwerenga. Izi ndi zabodza zomwe tidanenedwa za Yugoslavia mzaka za m'ma 1990 komanso ndi mabuku awiri abwino kwambiri onena za nkhondo, nyengo, mosasamala kanthu za kamutu kakang'ono. Ali: Mmene America Ikuthamangira ndi Kupha: Nkhondo Zachilendo, Zowonongeka, Zowonongeka ndi Anthu ndi Michael Mandel, ndi Nkhondo Yamisala: Yugoslavia, NATO ndi Western Delusions ndi Diana Johnstone.
Buku la Johnstone limafotokoza mbiri yakale, momwe zinthu ziliri, komanso kusanthula kwa United States, Germany, atolankhani, komanso osewera osiyanasiyana ku Yugoslavia. Buku la Mandel limafotokoza zomwe zachitika posachedwa ndikuwunika kwa loya milandu yomwe yachitika. Ngakhale anthu wamba ku United States ndi Europe adathandizira kapena kulekerera nkhondoyi ndi zolinga zabwino - ndiye kuti, chifukwa amakhulupirira zikhulupiriro - zoyeserera ndi zochita za boma la US ndi NATO zikuwoneka kuti anali okonda zachiwerewere komanso achiwerewere mwachizolowezi .
United States inagwira ntchito yothetsa Yugoslavia, idaletsa mwadala mgwirizano pakati pa zipani, ndipo idachita nawo kampeni yophulitsa bomba yomwe idapha anthu ambiri, idavulaza ena ambiri, idawononga zomangamanga ndi zipatala komanso malo ogulitsira, ndipo idabweretsa mavuto othawa kwawo sizinachitike mpaka bomba litayamba. Izi zidakwaniritsidwa kudzera m'mabodza, zabodza, komanso kukokomeza za nkhanza, kenako ndikuzitsimikizira kuti ndizoyankha zachiwawa zomwe zimayambitsa.
Pambuyo pakuphulitsa bomba, US idalola Asilamu aku Bosnia kuti avomereze dongosolo lamtendere lofanana kwambiri ndi pulani yomwe US idaletsa asadaphulike bomba. Nayi Secretary General wa UN Boutros Boutros-Ghali:
"M'masabata ake oyamba ali muudindo, oyang'anira a Clinton apereka chiwembu chofuna kupha chiwembu cha Vance-Owen chomwe chikadapatsa ma Serbs 43% ya gawo logwirizana. Mu 1995 ku Dayton, oyang'anira adanyadira mgwirizano woti, patadutsa zaka pafupifupi zitatu ndikuchita mantha komanso kupha anthu, adapatsa Aserbia 49 peresenti m'boma logawika magawo awiri.
Zaka zambiri izi pambuyo pake ziyenera kukhala zofunika kwa ife kuti tidauzidwa za nkhanza zabodza zomwe ofufuza sanathe kuzipeza, monga momwe munthu sangapezere zida ku Iraq, kapena umboni wakukonzekera kupha anthu wamba ku Benghazi, kapena umboni a zida zankhondo zaku Syria. Tikuuzidwa kuti asitikali aku Russia akukhamukira kumalire a Ukraine ndi zolinga zakupha anthu. Koma anthu akafuna magulu amenewo iwo sindingawapeze. Tiyenera kukhala okonzekera kuganizira zomwe izo zikutanthawuza.
NATO idachita kuphulitsa bomba ku Kosovo zaka 15 zapitazo kuti ipewe kuphana? Zoonadi? Chifukwa chiani zokambirana? Nchifukwa chiyani mumatulutsa owonera onse? Chifukwa chiyani upereka chenjezo la masiku asanu? Bwanji osaphulitsa bomba kutali ndi dera lomwe akuti limapha anthu? Kodi kupulumutsa kwenikweni sikukadatumiza asitikali apansi popanda chenjezo, ndikupitilizabe zoyeserera? Kodi ntchito yothandiza anthu ikadapanda kupha amuna, akazi, ndi ana ochuluka ndimabomba, pomwe amawopseza kupha anthu onse mwa zilango?
Mandel amayang'ana mosamalitsa za nkhondoyi, poganizira chitetezo chilichonse chomwe chidaperekedwa, ndipo akumaliza kuti idaphwanya UN Charter ndipo idapha anthu ambiri. Mandel, kapena wofalitsa wake, adasankha kuyambitsa buku lake ndikuwunika kusamvera kwa nkhondo zaku Iraq ndi Afghanistan, ndikuchotsa Yugoslavia pamutu wabukuli. Koma ndi Yugoslavia, osati Iraq kapena Afghanistan, omwe amalimbikitsa nkhondo apitilizabe kuloza kwa zaka zikubwerazi monga chitsanzo cha nkhondo zamtsogolo - pokhapokha titawaletsa. Iyi inali nkhondo yomwe idawononga malo atsopano, koma idachita ndi PR yothandiza kwambiri kuposa momwe oyang'anira a Bush adavutikira nayo. Nkhondo iyi idaphwanya UN Charter, komanso - ngakhale Mandel sanatchule - Article I ya Constitution ya US yomwe ikufuna kuvomerezedwa ndi DRM.
Nkhondo iliyonse imaphwanya Kellogg-Briand Pact. Mandel, nthawi zambiri, amathetsa Panganolo kuti lisalingaliridwe ngakhale atazindikira kukhalapo kwake ndi kufunikira kwake. Iye analemba kuti: “Chiwerengero choyamba chotsutsana ndi a Nazi ku Nuremberg chinali 'mlandu wotsutsana ndi mtendere. . . kuphwanya mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi - mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi monga Changano cha United Nations. ” Izo sizingakhale zolondola. Charter ya UN sinalipo. Mapangano ena sanali ofanana nawo. Pambuyo pake m'bukuli, a Mandel amatchula Kellogg-Briand Pact ngati maziko amilandu, koma amawona Panganolo ngati kuti lidalipo kale ndipo kulibenso. Amachitanso ngati kuti yaletsa nkhondo yankhanza, osati nkhondo yonse. Ndimadana nazo kunyoza, chifukwa buku la Mandel ndilabwino kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kudzudzula kwake Amnesty International ndi Human Rights Watch chifukwa chokana kuvomereza UN Charter. Koma zomwe akuchita kuti Mgwirizano wa UN ukhale mgwirizano wam'mbuyomu, a Mandel (ndi ena onse) amachita ku Kellogg-Briand Pact, kuzindikira komwe kungasokoneze mikangano yonse yokhudza "nkhondo zothandiza anthu."
Zachidziwikire, kutsimikizira kuti nkhondo iliyonse yomwe idagulitsidwa ngati yothandiza anthu yasokoneza anthu sikungathetseretu nthanthi yankhondo yothandiza. Chomwe chimafafaniza ndiye kuwonongeka komwe kumapangitsa kuti nkhondo iziyenda bwino kwa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Ngakhale, poganiza, nkhondo imodzi mu 1 itha kukhala yabwino (zomwe sindikukhulupirira kwa mphindi), kukonzekera nkhondo kubweretsa ena 1,000 limodzi nawo. Ndiye chifukwa chake nthawi yafika kuthetsa bungwe.
