Kua ngaro kē tātou i te pakanga?

Nā David Swanson, Mahuru 21, 2017, Me tamata te Democracy.

Ngā kōrero whakatuwheratanga o te tautohetohe i Te Whare Wānanga o Pennsylvania i te 21 o Hepetema, 2017, mō te whakaaro e whai ake nei: "He tika, he mea tika rānei ngā pakanga a Amerika i Hiria me Afghanistan, kua ngaro rānei i a tātou te huarahi i roto i te whakamahinga o te ope taua, tae atu ki ngā patu drones, i roto i te whakahaere i ngā kaupapa here ā-iwi o Amerika?"

Āe, he nui ake ngā mihi kua riro mai i ahau i ngā mihi nui i riro mai i a Trump mō tana whaikōrero katoa i te UN.

Ko ngā pakanga me ngā pōma a te US i Hiria, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Libya, Yemen, Somalia, me Philippines, me ngā tūmomo riri ki a Korea ki te Raki, he hē, he koretake, he ture kore, he tino utu nui i roto i ngā huarahi maha, ā, he koretake hoki i runga i ā rātou ake tikanga.

I ahu mai te ariā o te pakanga tika ki a tātou i roto i ngā tau 1600 neke atu, mai i te hunga kāore e rite ana ō rātou tirohanga ki te ao. E toru ngā momo paearu mō te pakanga tika: he kore-mātauranga, he kore e taea, me te kore tikanga.

Ngā Paearu Kore-Whakaaro: Ko te pakanga tika me whai whakaaro tika, he take tika, me te taurite. Engari he kōrero noa iho ēnei. Ina kī mai tō kāwanatanga he tika te patu i te 50 tāngata mā te pōma i tētahi whare kei reira a ISIS e huna ana i te moni, kāore he huarahi whakaae, he tikanga mohio hei whakautu Kāore, 49 anake, 6 anake rānei, 4,097 rānei ngā tāngata ka taea te patu tika. He rerekē te tautuhi i te whakaaro o tētahi kāwanatanga, ā, ko te tāpiri i tētahi take tika pērā i te whakamutu i te herekore ki tētahi pakanga ehara i te mea he take tūturu taua pakanga. He maha ngā huarahi ka taea te whakamutu i te herekore, engari kāore anō kia whawhaihia he pakanga mō tētahi take kotahi. Me i nui ake te hinu i Myanmar, kua rongo tātou mō te aukati i te kohuru tangata hei take tika mō te whakaekenga, me te kore e ruarua te whakanui ake i te raruraru.

Ngā Paearu Kāore e Taea: Ko te pakanga tika me waiho hei huarahi whakamutunga, kia whai tūmanakohanga angitu whaitake, kia ārai i ngā tāngata kāore i te whawhai i te whakaekenga, kia whakaute i ngā hōia hoariri hei tangata, kia manaaki hoki i ngā herehere o te pakanga he hunga kāore i te whawhai. Kāore tetahi o ēnei mea e taea. Ki te kī he "ara whakamutunga" he kī noa iho koinei te whakaaro pai rawa atu kei a koe, ehara i te mea anake whakaaro kei a koe. He whakaaro anō kei reira ka taea e te tangata te whakaaro. I ia wā ka hiahia wawe tātou ki te pōma i a Īrāna, ki te kore ka mate katoa tātou, ā, kāore tātou e pena, ā, kāore tātou e pena, ka ngaro te kanapa o te tono e whai ake nei ki te pōma i a Īrāna, ā, ka māmā ake te kite i ngā kōwhiringa mutunga kore o ētahi atu mea hei mahi. Mehemea ko te pakanga te mea nui anake mēnā ko tō whakaaro tēnā, e kore koe e tautohetohe mō ngā tikanga matatika, engari ka tū koe mō te Paremata.

Ā, me pēhea te whakaute i tētahi tangata i a ia e ngana ana ki te patu i a ia? He maha ngā huarahi hei whakaute i tētahi tangata, engari kāore e taea te noho tahi me te ngana ki te patu i taua tangata. Kia maumahara i tīmata te ariā Pakanga Tika i te hunga i whakapono ko te patu i tētahi he mahi pai mā rātou. Ko te hunga kore-whawhai te nuinga o ngā patunga i ngā pakanga o ēnei rā, nō reira kāore e taea te pupuri haumaru i a rātou, engari kāore rātou e mauheretia ki roto i ngā whare herehere, nō reira kāore e taea te whakahaere i ngā herehere pērā i te hunga kore-whawhai i a rātou e mauheretia ana.

Ngā Paearu Kore Tikanga: Ko ngā pakanga tika me whakapuakina ki te marea, ā, me whakahaere hoki e ngā mana whai mana. Ehara ēnei i te āwangawanga matatika. Ahakoa i roto i te ao i whai mana whai mana, e kore rātou e whakanui ake, e whakaiti iho rānei i te tika o te pakanga.

Ināianei, ka taea e tātou te tirotiro i ngā pakanga motuhake, ā, i roto i ngā meneti torutoru ka tae ki te whakatau, āe, ehara tēnei pakanga i te pakanga noa, engari he pakanga kē atu anō. I pai te kāwanatanga o Afghanistan ki te tuku i a Osama bin Laden ki tētahi atu whenua hei whakawakanga. I pai ake te US ki te pakanga. Ko te nuinga o te iwi i Afghanistan kāore i te whai pānga ki te 9/11, engari kāore anō kia rongo mōna tae noa mai ki tēnei rā. Mena ko te whakamahere i te 9/11 i Afghanistan he take mō ngā tau 16 o te whakangaro i Afghanistan, he aha e kore ai e pōma noa iho a Ūropi? He aha i kore ai e pōma a Florida? I taua hōtēra rānei i Maryland e tata ana ki te NSA? He pakiwaitara rongonui kei reira ko te UN i whakamana i te whakaeke i Afghanistan. Kāore i pena. Whai muri i ngā tau 16 o te patu me te whakamamae me te whakangaro, kua rawakore ake a Afghanistan, kua tutu ake, ā, kua kino ake te United States.

I roto a Hiria i tētahi rārangi kāwanatanga ka hurihia e te US mō ngā tau maha, ā, i mahi te US i tēnā mō ngā tau tekau kua pahure ake nei. I puta mai a ISIS i te pakanga i arahina e te US ki Irāki, me ngā pakanga ki Yemen me Hiria, me te maha o ngā rōpū hei whakapae) me tū hei rārangi hara nui i tēnei rautau. I tukua e ISIS te US kia whakanui ake i tana tūranga ki Hiria, engari i ngā taha e rua o te pakanga kotahi. Kua whai hōia whakangungua, ā, kua mau pū hoki a Pentagon e whawhai ana ki te hunga kua whakangungua, kua mau pū hoki a te CIA. Kua pānuihia e tātou i roto i te New York Times e kore te kāwanatanga o Iharaira e pai ki te wikitoria o tētahi o ngā taha. Kua mātakitaki tātou i te whakahē a te US i ngā mahi maha mō te rangimārie i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, e pai ake ana ki te pakanga. Ā, i tua atu i te patu, te whara, te whakangaromanga, te hemokai, me ngā mate urutā, he aha ngā mea hei whakaatu i tēnā?

I whakaae a Kōrea-ki-te-Raki ki te whakarite whakaaetanga me te pupuri i aua whakaaetanga i ngā tau 20 ki muri, ā, he rerekē ki ētahi pūrongo a te US, kei te tuwhera inaianei ki ngā whiriwhiringa. Kei te hiahia te iwi o Kōrea-ki-te-Tonga kia whakaae te United States ki ngā kōrero. I tahuna e tētahi tangata ia ia anō ki te mate i te Tūrei hei whakahē i ētahi atu patu a te US ki Kōrea-ki-te-Tonga. Engari kua kī te kāwanatanga o Amerika kāore e taea te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei whakawehi i tana "huarahi whakamutunga" pai. I kī atu a Trump ki te UN i te Tūrei mēnā ka hē a Kōrea-ki-te-Raki, "Kāore he whiringa atu i a mātou engari ko te whakangaro rawa i a Kōrea-ki-te-Raki" - ehara i te pakanga anake engari ko te whakangaromanga katoa o te 25 miriona tāngata. Ko te kupu pai a John McCain ko te "whakangaromanga." I roto i te 60 hēkona, ka haere tonu a Trump ki te tono kia mahi ki a Iran i runga i te whakapae e kīia ana kei te whakawehi tūmatanui a Iran i te kohuru nui.

Kāore ētahi pakanga e uru ki roto i ēnei kōrero whakatuwheratanga. E hiahia ana ahau kia whakaaetia kia rima meneti te roa mō Rwanda, kia tekau meneti mō te Huringa o Amerika, mō te Pakanga Tūmatanui rānei, kia toru tekau meneti mō te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, koinei pea - he tika - kua pau pea i a koutou ngā mano hāora o te whakatairanga. Heoi anō, he pai ake mō tātou katoa, me kati taku waha, ā, me pānui noa koutou i aku pukapuka.

Engari i te wā kua whakaae koe he maha ngā pakanga ehara i te mea tika, i te wā kua mōhio koe ki te tīmatanga āta o ngā pakanga me te karo i te rangimārie i roto i te kaha nui kia taea ai e koe te kata, te tangi rānei i te kereme a Ken Burns i kīia ai ko te Pakanga o Amerika e te iwi Vietnam i tīmata i runga i te "whakapono pai," ka uaua ake te kī he tika tetahi o ngā pakanga kē atu, ahakoa ko ērā i tīmata koe me te whakaaro pērā. Anei te take.

He umanga nui rawa atu te pakanga, te mea nui rawa atu, te mea tino utu nui rawa atu. E whakapau ana te US i te $1 trillion i te tau ki te pakanga, tata ki te rite ki te toenga o te ao katoa - ā, ko te nuinga o te toenga o te ao he hoa rangatira o te US me ngā kaihoko patu e kaha ana te US ki te tautoko kia nui ake te whakapaunga. Ka taea e ngā tekau piriona te whakamutu i te matekai, te kore wai ma, ngā mate rerekē rānei o te ao. Ko te nui noa iho o te moni kua whakanuia e te Runanga i tēnei wiki ka taea te whakatau i ēnei raruraru o te ao, Ā, hei painga, ka kore utu te kāreti i te United States. Ka taea e ngā rau piriona te hoatu he whai wāhi ki te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi mēnā ka hurihia. Ko te huarahi matua e mate ai te pakanga ko te huri i ngā rauemi. Ko te pakanga (ā, e whakamahi ana ahau i te kupu hei whakarāpopototanga mō te pakanga me ngā whakaritenga pakanga, ko te mea whakamutunga te mea tino utu nui i roto i ngā huarahi maha) ko te kaiwhakangaro nui rawa atu o te taiao taiao, te take nui rawa atu o ngā pirihimana hōia me ngā tika kua pakaru, he kaihanga nui o te whakahāwea me te whakamāoritanga mō te kāwanatanga mana me te huna. Ā, me te whakapaunga pakanga ka puta mai ngā pakanga hē katoa.

Nō reira, hei whakamana i te noho o te pakanga tika, me nui ake te kino o te tahuritanga o ngā rauemi mai i ngā mahi pai, ngā utu pūtea atu anō o ngā whai wāhitanga kua ngaro, ngā tiriona tāra i roto i te whakangaromanga o ngā rawa i puta mai i ngā pakanga, te kore tika o ngā pakanga hē, te mōrearea o te whakangaromanga karihi, te kino o te taiao, te kino o te kāwanatanga, me te kino o te ahurea pakanga ki te hapori. Kāore he pakanga e taea te whakakore. e ehara i te mea ko ngā pakanga anake i whawhaihia e te toa pakanga o te ao. Ka taea e te Hononga o Amerika te tīmata i tētahi whakataetae patu whakamuri me te ngāwari. Mā ngā hikoinga ka taea e tātou te neke atu ki tētahi ao e māmā ake ai te mōhio o te tangata ki te tikanga o ngā angitu kore-tutu. Ko te tikanga o aua angitu koia tēnei: ​​kāore koe e hiahia ki te pakanga hei tiaki i a koe anō. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā taputapu o te ātete kore-tutu, te kore mahi tahi, te mana matatika me te ōhanga me te mana tōrangapū me te mana whakawa me te mana whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

Engari ko te whakapono me whawhai koe, me te whakaeke i ngā whenua whai rawa hinu he pānga ki te tiaki i te tangata, ka nui te tūponotanga ki te whakararu i a koe. E kitea ana i roto i te rangahau a Gallup ko te kāwanatanga o Amerika e whakaponohia ana e te nuinga o te ao ko ia te riri nui ki te rangimārie o te ao. Mō tētahi atu whenua, me kī ko Kanata, ki te whakaputa whatunga kaiwhakatuma anti-Kanata i runga i te tauine o Amerika, me pōma, me patu, me nohoia te tini o te tangata. Engari ina tupu, ka nui te utu, nā te mea ka taea e ia te tohu ki aua hoariri o Kanata hei whakamāoritanga mō ngā patu me ngā kaupapa nui ake hei whakaputa i ngā hoariri, me ērā atu. He tūturu aua hoariri, ā, he tino hē ā rātou mahi, engari ko te pupuri i te huringa kino kia tere te hurihanga ka whakawhirinaki ki te whakanui rawa i tā rātou riri.

Mehemea ka uru atu te US ki ngā tiriti o te ao, ka uru ki te whakakore i ngā patu, ka whakarato āwhina i runga i te wāhanga iti o te tauine e whakaratohia ana e ia hei whakaoho pakanga, ā, ka whai i ngā ara tōrangapū ki te rangimārie, e kore te ao e rite ki te pararaiha āpōpō, engari ka tino puhoi haere tō tātou tere ki te taha o te pari e whakatata mai ana.

Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi maha e pā kino ai te pakanga ki a tātou ko te pā kino ki te mana o te ture. He mea huna tēnei, engari i aukatia e te ao ngā pakanga katoa i te tau 1928 i roto i tētahi tiriti i whakamahia hei whakawā i ngā tāngata i hinga i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, ā, kei roto tonu i ngā pukapuka. Ko te Kellogg-Briand Pact, e ai ki tā Scott Shapiro rāua ko Oona Hathaway i tuhi tata nei, i whakarerekē i te ao. I ture te pakanga i te tau 1927. I ture ngā taha e rua o te pakanga. Tata tonu te ture o ngā mahi nanakia i mahia i te wā o ngā pakanga. He ture te raupatu whenua. He ture te tahu, te pahua me te pahua. Ehara i te mea he ture noa te pakanga; i māramahia ko te whakatinanatanga ture. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pakanga hei ngana ki te whakatika i tētahi hē e kitea ana. He ture te hopukanga o ētahi atu iwi hei koroni. He ngoikore te hihiri o ngā koroni ki te ngana ki te whakawātea i a rātou anō nā te mea tera pea ka raupatuhia rātou e tētahi atu iwi mēnā ka wehe atu rātou i tō rātou kaitukino o nāianei. Ko te nuinga o ngā raupatu mai i te tau 1928 kua whakakorea i runga i ngā rohe o te tau 1928. Kua tini haere ngā iwi hou iti kāore i wehi i te raupatu. Nā te Kāreti o te tau 1945 o te UN i whakamana anō te pakanga mēnā i tapaina he ārai, he whakamana rānei nā te UN. Kāore ngā pakanga o Amerika i whakamanahia e te UN, ā, mēnā kāore he ārai i ngā pakanga, me whakauru ngā pakanga ki ngā whenua rawakore iti o te haurua o te ao ki taua wāhanga.

Engari, mai i te tau 1945, kua kiia te pakanga he ture kore mēnā kāore te Hononga o Amerika e mahi. Mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i te wā e kīia ana e te tini o ngā tohunga mātauranga o Amerika he wā koura o te rangimārie, kua patua e te ope taua o Amerika te 20 miriona tāngata, kua turaki i te iti rawa 36 kāwanatanga, kua pokanoa ki te iti rawa 82 pōtitanga o tāwāhi, kua ngana ki te kōhuru i te neke atu i te 50 ngā kaiārahi o tāwāhi, ā, kua tukuna he poma ki runga i ngā tāngata i roto i te neke atu i te 30 whenua. Me ngā hōia o Amerika i roto i te 175 whenua e ai ki ngā kaikōrero hākinakina o Amerika, i haere te perehitini o Amerika ki te UN i te Tūrei me te tono kia whakautehia ngā iwi mana motuhake, i whakapae i te UN mō te kore e whakatutuki i te rangimārie, i whakawehi i te pakanga hei takahi i te Kāreti o te UN, ā, i tawai ki te UN mō te whakanoho i a Saudi Arabia ki tana kaunihera tika tangata i a ia e tino whakahīhī ana ki te tūranga o Amerika ki te āwhina i a Saudi Arabia ki te patu i te tini o ngā tāngata i Yemen. I te tau kua hipa, i pātai tetahi kaiwhakahaere tautohetohe ki ngā kaitono perehitini o Amerika mēnā e pai ana rātou ki te patu i ngā rau me ngā mano o ngā tamariki harakore hei wāhanga o ā rātou mahi matua. Kāore ētahi atu whenua e pātai i taua pātai, ā, ka whakahengia mēnā ka pena rātou. Nō reira, he raruraru tā tātou mō ngā paerewa rua, kāore rawa e pērā te āhua o tā Robert Jackson i kī ai i Nuremberg.

Kāore he mana o te Runanga, o te perehitini rānei, ki te whakamana i tētahi pakanga. Ka taea e te poma karihi kotahi te whakamate i a tātou katoa nā tōna pānga ki te āhuarangi, ahakoa te whakamana a te Runanga. E takahi ana ngā pakanga o Amerika i te Whakaaetanga Rangimārie o te tau 1928, te Kāreti o te UN, me te Ture o Amerika. E takahi ana hoki te Whakaaetanga koretake ki te Whakamahi i te Kaha Hoia i te Ture. Heoi, i te ngana a ngā mema o te Whare ki te pōti i tēnei tau ki te whakakore i te AUMF, kāore te hunga e kiia nei ko ngā kaiārahi i whakaae kia pōti. I te wā i pōti ai te Runanga Nui i tētahi pōti pēnei, neke atu i te hautoru o te Runanga Nui i pōti ki te whakakore, ā, ko te nuinga o rātou nā te mea i hiahia rātou ki te waihanga i tētahi AUMF hou.

Kāore au i kōrero nui mō ngā waka rererangi kore-tarōne, nā te mea ki taku whakaaro ko te raruraru nui o te whakamana i te kohuru ehara i te raruraru hangarau. Engari ko tā ngā waka rererangi kore-tarōne, me ētahi atu hangarau, he whakangawari ake i te kohuru, he whakangawari ake i te mahi huna, he whakangawari ake i te mahi tere, he whakangawari ake i te mahi i ngā wāhi maha atu. Ko te whakaari a te Perehitini Obama me ngā kiriata whakatairanga tautoko-hoia pērā i Te kanohi i te rangi ko ngā waka rererangi kore-mōre anake e whakamahia ana hei patu i te hunga kāore e taea te hopu, te hunga e hara ana i tētahi momo hara, te hunga e tūkino ana i te US o A, te hunga ka taea te whakamate me te kore e tūpono ki te patu i tētahi atu i roto i te tukanga - he kohinga teka katoa tēnā. Ko te nuinga o te hunga e whaia ana kāore i te whakahuatia ō rātou ingoa, kāore tētahi o rātou i whakawakia mō tētahi hara, kāore i te mōhiotia he take kāore rātou i te hopukina, i roto i te maha o ngā take he ngāwari noa iho te hopu, kua patua ngā tāngata harakore e te mano tini, tae noa ki Hollywood kāore e taea te tito i tētahi riri pakiwaitara tonu ki te United States, ā, ko ngā pakanga waka rererangi kore-mōre te tihi o te hanga whiu whakahē. Kāore e rangona a Obama e whakanui ana i tana pakanga waka rererangi kore-mōre angitu ki Yemen i ēnei rā.

Engari, ki te kore tātou e whiriwhiri i ngā tāne, ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki i ngā Tūrei hei kohuru mā ngā pere mai i ngā waka rererangi kore-taro, me aha tātou?

KAUA e kōwhiri i ngā tāne, ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki i ngā Tūrei hei kohuru mā ngā pere mai i ngā waka rererangi kore.

Me whakauru atu hoki ki ngā kawenata o te ao mō ngā tika tangata, ngā tika o ngā tamariki, ngā aukati i ngā patu, te tiriti hou e aukati ana i te pupuri i ngā patu karihi (kotahi anake te iwi kua pōti ngā patu karihi ki te tīmata i taua tukanga tiriti, engari kāore koe e whakapono ki ahau mēnā ka tapaina e au), uru atu ki te Kōti Taihara o te Ao, kati te hoko patu ki ngā hoariri o muri mai, kati te hoko patu ki ngā kāwanatanga mana whakahaere, kati te hoatu patu, kati te hoko patu kāore he kaupapa tiaki, whakawhiti ki tētahi ōhanga rangimārie whai rawa.

Kei ngā wāhi katoa ngā tauira o ngā huarahi rangimārie, tae atu ki Pennsylvania. E tohu ana tētahi o ōku hoa, a John Reuwer, ki a Pennsylvania hei tauira mō ētahi atu. He aha ai? Nā te mea mai i te tau 1683 ki te 1755, kāore he pakanga nui a ngā tāngata Pākehā o Pennsylvania ki ngā iwi taketake, he rerekē rawa atu ki ētahi atu koroni o Peretānia. He pononga a Pennsylvania, he whiu whakapaipai me ētahi atu whiu whakamataku, he tutu takitahi. Engari i whiriwhiria e rātou kia kaua e whakamahi i te pakanga, kia kaua e tango whenua me te kore he utu tika, kia kaua hoki e akiaki i te waipiro ki ngā iwi taketake pērā i te pana opium ki Haina i muri mai, ā, i nāianei ka panaia ngā pū me ngā waka rererangi ki ngā kaitukino kino. I te tau 1710, ka tukuna e ngā Tuscarora o North Carolina he karere ki Pennsylvania e tono ana kia whakaaetia kia noho ki reira. Ko te moni katoa i whakamahia mō ngā hōia, ngā pā, me ngā patu i wātea, ahakoa pai, ahakoa kino, hei hanga i a Philadelphia (kia mahara ki te tikanga o tōna ingoa) me te whakawhanake i te koroni. E 4,000 ngā tāngata o te koroni i roto i ngā tau e 3, ā, i te tau 1776 kua hipa a Philadelphia i a Boston me New York te rahi. Nō reira, i te wā e whawhai ana ngā mana nui o te wā mō te mana whakahaere o te whenua nui, i whakakahoretia e tētahi rōpū tāngata te whakaaro he mea tika te pakanga, ā, i tere ake te tupu i ō rātou hoa tata katoa i tohe kia pērā.

Ināianei, whai muri i ngā tau 230 o te pakanga tata kore e mutu, me te whakatūnga o te ope taua tino utu nui me te whānui rawa atu kua kitea, ka kī atu a Trump ki te UN he tika te mihi ki te Ture o Amerika mō te hanganga o te rangimārie. Mehemea pea i tukua e rātou ngā Quakers ki te tuhi i te mea, kua pono kē tēnā.