Ọkara nde tọn nke methane na-ebili site na pipeline Nord Stream mebiri emebi. Foto: Swedish Coast Guard
Site na Media Benjamin na Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, February 22, 2023
Ebe agha Ukraine ruru ugbu a otu afọ na February 24, ndị Rọshịa enwetabeghị mmeri agha mana ọbụghị ndị ọdịda anyanwụ enwetabeghị ebumnuche ya n'ihu akụ na ụba. Mgbe Rọshịa wakporo Ukraine, United States na ndị ha na ha jikọrọ aka na Europe kwere nkwa na ha ga-amanye mmachi na-emebi emebi nke ga-eme ka Russia daa n'ikpere ma mee ka ọ kwụsị.
Mkpesa ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ ga-ewulite ákwà mgbochi Iron ọhụrụ, ọtụtụ narị kilomita n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ochie ahụ, na-ekewa Russia dịpụrụ adịpụ, meriri, nke nwere akụ na ụba site na njikọghachi, mmeri na ọganihu West. Ọbụghị naanị na Rọshịa guzogidere mwakpo akụ na ụba, mana mmachi a abawanyela - na-etikwa mba ndị nyere ha iwu.
Mkpesa ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na Russia belatara inye mmanụ na gas zuru ụwa ọnụ mana ọ kpalitere ọnụ ahịa. Ya mere, Russia ritere uru site na ọnụ ahịa dị elu, ọbụlagodi na oke mbupụ ya belatara. International Monetary Fund (IMF) akọ na Akụ na ụba Russia nwetara naanị 2.2% na 2022, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 8.5% nkwekọrịta ọ nwere. amụma, na ọ na-ebu amụma na akụ na ụba Russia ga-eto n'ezie site na 0.3% na 2023.
N'aka nke ọzọ, akụ na ụba Ukraine adalatala site na 35% ma ọ bụ karịa, n'agbanyeghị ijeri $ 46 na enyemaka akụ na ụba sitere na ndị na-atụ ụtụ US na-emesapụ aka, n'elu ijeri $ 67 na enyemaka agha.
Akụ na ụba Europe na-agbakwa mbọ. Mgbe itolite site na 3.5% na 2022, akụ na ụba mpaghara Euro bụ atụ anya ya itolite ma too naanị 0.7% na 2023, ebe a na-atụ anya na akụ na ụba Britain ga-enweta nkwekọrịta site na 0.6%. Germany dabere na ike Russia mbubata karịa mba ndị ọzọ buru ibu nke Europe, yabụ, mgbe ọ gachara ntakịrị 1.9% na 2022, a na-ebu amụma na ọ ga-enwe uto 0.1% na-enweghị atụ na 2023. ịkwụ ụgwọ Ihe dị ka 40% karịa maka ike na 2023 karịa ka ọ mere na 2021.
United States enwechaghị mmetụta ozugbo karịa Europe, mana uto ya si na 5.9% na 2021 ruo 2% na 2022, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-agbada, ruo 1.4% na 2023 na 1% na 2024. mgbe ị na-azụta mmanụ sitere na Russia na ọnụ ahịa dị ọnụ ala, a na-atụ anya ịnọgide na-enwe ọganihu 2022 na-eto eto karịa 6% kwa afọ site na 2023 na 2024. China ritekwara uru site n'ịzụta mmanụ Russia dị ala na site na mmụba azụmahịa na Russia nke 30% na 2022. Akụ na ụba China bụ atụ anya ya na-eto eto na 5% afọ a.
Ndị na-emepụta mmanụ na gas ndị ọzọ nwetara uru nke ikuku site na mmetụta nke mmachi ahụ. GDP Saudi Arabia tolitere site na 8.7%, nke kachasị ngwa ngwa n'ime nnukwu akụ na ụba niile, ebe ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ chịrị ọchị ruo n'ụlọ akụ iji tinye ego. $ 200 ijeri na uru: ExxonMobil nwetara $56 ijeri, ihe ndekọ oge niile maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, ebe Shell nwetara ijeri $40 na Chevron na Total nwetara ijeri $36 nke ọ bụla. BP mere “naanị” ijeri $28, ka ọ na-emechi ọrụ ya na Russia, mana ọ ka na-abawanye uru ya na 2021 okpukpu abụọ.
Maka gas sitere n'okike, ndị US LNG (ụkpụrụ ikuku gas) na-eweta dị ka Cheniere na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Total na-ekesa gas na Europe. dochie Imeri gas sitere na United States na-ebunye gas sitere na Russia, n'ihe dị ka okpukpu anọ ọnụ ahịa ndị ahịa US na-akwụ, yana yana egwu mmetụta ihu igwe nke fracking. Oyi dị nro na Europe na nnukwu ijeri $850 na Enyemaka gọọmentị Europe Ezinụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ wetara ọnụ ahịa ike azụmaahịa laghachi na ọkwa 2021, mana naanị mgbe ha gachara spiked ugboro ise dị elu karịa oge okpomọkụ nke 2022.
Ọ bụ ezie na agha ahụ weghachiri ikike nke Europe na ọchịchị US n'oge dị mkpirikpi, mmetụta ndị a n'ezie nke agha ahụ nwere ike ịpụta dị iche iche n'ime ogologo oge. Onye isi ala France Emmanuel Macron kwuru, "N'ọnọdụ geopolitical nke oge a, n'etiti mba ndị na-akwado Ukraine, e nwere ụdị abụọ a na-emepụta n'ahịa gas: ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ukwuu na ndị na-ere ahịa na ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ ... United States bụ onye na-emepụta gas dị ọnụ ala nke ha na-emepụta. na-ere na ọnụ ahịa dị elu… echeghị m na nke ahụ bụ enyi na enyi.”
Omume enweghị enyi karịa bụ mmebi nke pipeline gas dị n'okpuru osimiri Nord Stream butere gas Russia na Germany. Seymour Hersh kọrọ na United States gbawara ọkpọkọ ndị ahụ, site n'enyemaka Norway—mba abụọ ahụ chụpụrụ Rọshịa dị ka mba Europe abụọ. kasị eke gas na-eweta. Ejikọtara ya na ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke gas fracked US, nke a nwere kpụrụ iwe n'etiti ọha na eze Europe. N'ime ogologo oge, ndị isi Europe nwere ike ikwubi na ọdịnihu mpaghara ahụ dabere na nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba site na mba ndị na-ebuso agha agha na ya, na nke ahụ ga-agụnye United States yana Russia.
Ndị mmeri ndị ọzọ buru ibu nke agha na Ukraine ga-abụ ndị na-emepụta ngwá agha, ndị US "nnukwu ise" na-achịkwa ụwa niile: Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon na General Dynamics. Ọtụtụ n'ime ngwá agha ndị e zigara Ukraine ugbu a sitere na nkwakọba ihe dị na United States na mba NATO. Ikike iji wuo ọbụna nnukwu ngwaahịa ọhụrụ sitere na Congress na Disemba, mana nkwekọrịta ndị a rụpụtara egosibeghị na ọnụ ahịa ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ogwe aka ma ọ bụ nkwupụta uru.
Ihe nnọchi anya Reed-Inhofe mmeghari na FY2023 National Defence Ikikere ikike ikike “oge agha” ọtụtụ afọ, enweghị nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta iji “mejupụta” ebuka ngwa ọgụ ezigara Ukraine, mana ọnụọgụ ngwa ọgụ a ga-enweta karịrị ego ebugara Ukraine ihe ruru 500 na otu. . Marc Cancian bụbu onye isi OMB kwuru, “Nke a anaghị edochi ihe anyị nyere [Ukraine]. Ọ na-ewu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe maka nnukwu agha ala [na Russia] n'ọdịnihu."
Ebe ọ bụ na ngwá agha ka malitere ịmalite ahịrị mmepụta iji wuo ngwongwo ndị a, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke uru agha na-atụ anya na ụlọ ọrụ ngwá agha na-egosipụta nke ọma, maka ugbu a, na 2022 na-abawanye na ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa ha: Lockheed Martin, elu 37%; Northrop Grumman, elu 41%; Raytheon, elu 17%; na General Dynamics, gbagoro 19%.
Ọ bụ ezie na mba na ụlọ ọrụ ole na ole riteworo uru n'agha ahụ, mba ndị dị anya site n'ebe esemokwu ahụ nọ na-ama jijiji site na ndakpọ akụ̀ na ụba. Russia na Ukraine bụ ndị na-ebubata ọka wit, ọka, mmanụ nri na fatịlaịza nye ọtụtụ ụwa. Agha na mmachi akpatala ụkọ n'ahịa ndị a niile, yana mmanụ ụgbọala na-ebufe ha, na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa nri zuru ụwa ọnụ na-abawanye elu mgbe niile.
Ya mere, nnukwu ndị ọzọ na-efunahụ agha a bụ ndị nọ na Global South na-adabere na ya mbubata nri na fatịlaịza sitere na Russia na Ukraine nanị iji zụọ ezinụlọ ha. Egypt na Turkey bụ ndị kacha ebubata ọka wit Russia na Ukraine, ebe mba iri na abụọ ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu nsogbu na-adabere kpamkpam na Russia na Ukraine maka ọka wit ha, site na Bangladesh, Pakistan na Laos ruo Benin, Rwanda na Somalia. Iri na ise Mba Africa butere ihe karịrị ọkara ọka wit sitere na Russia na Ukraine na 2020.
Initiative of the Black Sea Grain Initiative nke UN na Turkey mere ka ọ belata nsogbu nri maka ụfọdụ mba, mana nkwekọrịta ahụ ka dị njọ. Ndị otu UN Security Council ga-emezigharị ya tupu ọ agwụ na Machị 18, 2023, mana mmachi ọdịda anyanwụ ka na-egbochi mbupụ fatịlaịza Russia, bụ nke a ga-ewepụ na mmachi n'okpuru atụmatụ ọka. Onye isi UN na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ Martin Griffiths gwara Agence France-Presse na February 15 na ịhapụ mbupụ fatịlaịza Russia bụ “ihe kacha mkpa.”
Mgbe otu afọ nke ogbugbu na mbibi na Ukraine gasịrị, anyị nwere ike ikwupụta na ndị meriri akụ na ụba nke agha a bụ: Saudi Arabia; ExxonMobil na ndị dike mmanụ ibe ya; Lockheed Martin; na Northrop Grumman.
Ndị na-efunahụ ya bụ, nke mbụ, ndị a chụrụ n'àjà nke Ukraine, n'akụkụ abụọ nke agha ahụ, ndị agha nile nwụnahụrụ ndụ ha na ezinụlọ ndị nwụnahụrụ ha. Ma na kọlụm na-efunahụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ogbenye nọ n'ebe nile, karịsịa na mba ndị dị na South South bụ ndị na-adabere na nri na ike ebubata. Nke ikpeazụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ bụ Ụwa, ikuku ya na ihu igwe ya-ha nile a chụrụ n'àjà nye Chineke nke Agha.
Ọ bụ ya mere, ka agha ahụ na-abanye n'afọ nke abụọ, a na-eti mkpu n'ụwa niile maka ndị na-ese okwu ka ha chọta ihe ngwọta. Okwu onye isi ala Brazil Lula na-egosipụta mmetụta ahụ na-eto eto. Mgbe Onye isi ala Biden rụgidere ya iziga ngwa ọgụ na Ukraine, ọ kwuru, "Achọghị m ịbanye n'agha a, achọrọ m ịkwụsị ya."
Medea Benjamin na Nicolas JS Davies bụ ndị odee Agha na Ukraine: Ime ka echiche nke esemokwu enweghị isi, dị site na OR Akwụkwọ na Nọvemba 2022.
Medea Benyaminu bụ onye nkwado nke CODEPINK maka Udo, na onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere N'ime Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies bụ odeakụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya, onye nyocha na CODEPINK yana onye dere ya Ọbara n'aka anyị: Mwakpo America na Mbibi nke Iraq.
