Site n'aka David Swanson, World BEYOND War, September 16, 2020
"Aga m eme ihe anwansi site n'ịgụ uche gị," m na-agwa klas nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ mgbakọ ma ọ bụ oku vidiyo jupụtara na ndị mmadụ. Edere m ihe. “Kpọọ agha nke ziri ezi,” ka m na-ekwu. Otu onye kwuru “World War Second.” Ana m egosi ha ihe m dere: “WWII.” Ime anwansi![I]
Ọ bụrụ na m na-ekwusi ike na azịza ndị ọzọ, ha na-abụkarị agha ọbụna n'oge gara aga karịa WWII.[Ii] Ọ bụrụ na m jụọ ihe kpatara WWII ji bụrụ azịza ya, nzaghachi ya bụ "Hitler" ma ọ bụ "Holocaust" ma ọ bụ okwu na mmetụta ahụ.
Mgbanwe a na-ahụ anya, nke m mere ka à ga-asị na m nwere ikike anwansi, bụ akụkụ nke okwu ihu ọha ma ọ bụ nkuzi m na-amalitekarị site na ịrịọ maka ngosi aka iji zaghachi ajụjụ abụọ:
"Thinksnye na-eche na agha anaghị agha agha?"
na
“Whonye chere na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke agha ụfọdụ nwere ezi ihe mgbe ụfọdụ, na ịlụ agha bụ mgbe ụfọdụ ihe ziri ezi ịme?”
Dịka, ajụjụ nke abụọ na - enweta ọtụtụ aka.
Mgbe ahụ anyị ga-ekwu okwu otu awa ma ọ bụ karịa.
Mgbe ahụ, m na-ajụ otu ajụjụ ahụ ọzọ na njedebe. N'oge ahụ, ajụjụ mbụ ("thinksnye na-eche na agha anaghị agha agha?") Na - enweta ọtụtụ aka.[iii]
Ma mgbanwe a n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ndị na-esote ụbọchị na-esote ma ọ bụ afọ ma ọ bụ ndụ m na-amaghị.
Ekwesịrị m ịme anwansi WWII m n'isi ụtụtụ na nkuzi ahụ, n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na anaghị m, ọ bụrụ na m na-ekwu ogologo oge maka ịgbachitere militarism na itinye ego na udo, mgbe ahụ ọtụtụ mmadụ ga-egbochirịrị m ajụjụ ndị dị ka "Kedu maka Hitler ? ” ma obu “Gini banyere WWII?” Ọ naghị ada ada. M na-ekwu maka enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke agha, ma ọ bụ ọchịchọ nke ikpochapụ ụwa nke agha na mmefu ego nke agha, na mmadụ na-eweta WWII dị ka esemokwu.
Gini ka WWII ji emefu agha? N'uche ọtụtụ ndị, ọ na-egosi oge gara aga na mkpa ọ dị maka mmefu agha iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka agha ndị ziri ezi ma dị mkpa dịka WWII.
M ga-atụle ajụjụ a n'ime akwụkwọ ọhụrụ, ma ka m see ya nkenke ebe a. Ihe karịrị ọkara nke ego gọọmentị etiti mba US maka ego - ego ndị Congress na-ekpebi ihe a ga-eme kwa afọ, nke na-ewepu ụfọdụ ego raara onwe ha nye maka ezumike nka na ahụike - na-aga agha na njikere agha.[iv] Ntuli aka na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị amaghị nke a.[v]
Gọọmentị United States na-emefu ego karịa mba ọ bụla ọzọ na militarism, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị isi ndị agha ndị ọzọ jikọtara[vi] - na gọọmentị US na-arụgide ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka ha zụrụ ọtụtụ ngwa ọgụ US[vii]. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị amaghị nke a, ihe ka ọtụtụ na-eche na opekata mpe ego ụfọdụ ga-esi na militarism gaa n'ihe dịka ahụike, agụmakwụkwọ, na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.
Na July 2020, nyocha nke ọha na eze hụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ndị ntuli aka US maka ịkwaga 10% nke mmefu ego Pentagon iji gboo mkpa mmadụ ngwa ngwa.[viii] Mgbe ahụ ụlọ abụọ nke US Congress tozuru oke na atụmatụ ahụ site n'aka ndị isi ike.[ix]
Ọdịda ọdịda a ekwesịghị iju anyị anya. Gọọmentị US anaghị eme ihe ọ bụla megide ọdịmma dị ike, bara ọgaranya naanị n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị nwere ihu ọma na nsonaazụ nghoputa.[X] Ọ bụdị ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị ọchịchị ahọpụtara itu ọnụ banyere ileghara ntuli aka anya iji soro ụkpụrụ ha.
Iji kpalie ndị Congress ịgbanwe mmefu ego ya, ma ọ bụ kpalie ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi iji gwa ndị mmadụ banyere ha, ga-achọ ihe karịrị ịnye azịza ziri ezi nye onye na-enyocha akwụkwọ. Ftgbanwe 10% si na Pentagon ga-achọ ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị mmadụ na-achọsi ike na mkpesa maka mgbanwe dị ukwuu karịa nke ahụ. 10% ga-abụ nkwekọrịta, ọkpụkpụ a tụbara na mkpali na-ekwusi ike na 30% ma ọ bụ 60% ma ọ bụ karịa.
Mana enwere nnukwu ihe mgbochi na ụzọ isi wuo mmegharị ahụ. Mgbe ịmalitere ikwu okwu banyere ngbanwe dị ukwuu na ụlọ ọrụ udo, ma ọ bụ mkpochapụ nuklia, ma ọ bụ mmechi nke ndị agha, ị na-abanye na mbụ n'ime ihe ịtụnanya nke nwere obere ihe jikọrọ ya na ụwa ị bi ugbu a: WWII.
Ọ bụghị nsogbu a na-apụghị imeri emeri. Ọ dị mgbe niile, mana imirikiti uche, na ahụmịhe m, enwere ike ịkwaga ruo ogo ụfọdụ n'okpuru awa. Ọ ga-amasị m ịmegharịkwu uche na ijide n'aka na nghọta ọhụrụ ahụ na-adịgide. Nke ahụ bụ ebe akwụkwọ m abata, yana a usoro ntanetị ọhụrụ dabere na akwukwo.
Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ahụ gosipụtara ikpe maka ihe kpatara nghọtahie banyere Agha IIwa nke Abụọ na mkpa ọ dị taa ekwesịghị ịbụ ịhazi mmefu ego ọha na eze. Mgbe ihe na-erughị 3% nke mmefu ndị agha US nwere ike ịkwụsị agụụ na ụwa[xi], mgbe ịhọrọ ebe a ga-etinye ihe onwunwe na-akpụzi ndụ na ọnwụ karịa agha niile[xii]Ọ dị mkpa ka anyị nweta ikike a.
Okwesiri ikwe omume ikwuputa ịghaghachi agha agha na ọkwa nke 20 afọ gara aga[xiii], na-enweghị agha site na 75 afọ gara aga na-elekwasị anya na mkparịta ụka ahụ. Enwere nkwenye na nchegbu ka mma nke mmadụ nwere ike ibuli karịa "Kedu maka WWII?"
Ndi Hitler ohuru na-abia? Ndi njuputa ihe yiri nke abuo ma obu ihe puru ime eme? Azịza nke ajụjụ ndị a bụ ee e. Iji ghọta ihe kpatara ya, ọ nwere ike inye aka ịzụlite nghọta ka mma banyere ihe Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ bụ, yana inyocha etu ụwa sirila gbanwee kemgbe agha ụwa nke abụọ.
Ọchịchọ m nwere n'Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ abụghị nke mkpali nke agha ma ọ bụ ngwa ọgụ ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-eme. Ọ bụ ọchịchọ m ka m kwurịta mmebi iwu na-enweghị anụ banyere Hitler ugboro ugboro. Ọ bụrụ na Hitler abụghị onye jọgburu onwe ya, m ga-arịa ọrịa na ike gwụrụ m ịnụ banyere ya.
Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ m bụ arụmụka gbasara omume, ọ bụghị ọrụ nyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme. Enwebeghị m ike ịchụso Iwu Ọ bụla nke Iwu Ozi, achọpụtara akwụkwọ ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ gbawaa koodu ọ bụla. M na-atụle ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Offọdụ n’ime ha amachaghị. Offọdụ n'ime ya na-emegide nghọtahie ndị ama ama - nke mere na m anatalarị ozi ịntanetị ndị na-adịghị mma site n'aka ndị na-agụbeghị akwụkwọ ahụ.
Mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke ọ bụla na-agbagha ma ọ bụ na-agbagha n'etiti ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme. Achọrọ m ịghara ịgụnye ihe ọ bụla na-enweghị akwụkwọ siri ike, yana ebe m maara esemokwu ọ bụla gbasara nkọwa ọ bụla, akpachapụrụ m anya ịdeba ya. Echeghị m na ikpe ahụ megide WWII dị ka mkpali maka itinyekwu ego maka agha na-achọ ihe ọ bụla karịa eziokwu anyị niile nwere ike ikwenye. Echere m na eziokwu ndị ahụ na-eduga n'ụzọ doro anya na nkwubi okwu ụfọdụ na-eju anya.
[I] Nke a bụ PowerPoint m ji mee ihe ngosi a: https://worldbeyondwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/endwar.pptx
[Ii] Na United States, na ahụmịhe m, ndị na-ese okwu bụ WWII, na ebe nke abụọ na nke atọ, US Civil War na American Revolution. Howard Zinn tụlere ihe ndị a na ngosipụta ya bụ "Agha Atọ Dị Nsọ Atọ," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i39UdpR1F8 Ahụmịhe m dịka ntuli aka mere na 2019 site n'aka YouGov, nke chọtara 66% nke ndị America jụrụ ajụjụ na-ekwu na WWII ziri ezi kpamkpam ma ọ bụ nwee ihe ziri ezi (ihe ọ bụla nke ahụ pụtara), ma e jiri ya tụnyere 62% maka Ntughari America, 54% maka Agha Obodo US, 52% maka WWI, 37% maka agha Korea, 36% maka agha Gulf mbụ, 35% maka agha na-aga n'ihu na Afghanistan, yana 22% maka agha Vietnam. Lee: Linley Sanders, YouGov, “America na ndị ibe ya meriri D-Day. Hà nwere ike ime ya ọzọ? ” June 3, 2019 https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2019/06/03/american-wars-dday
[iii] Mụ na onye prọfesọ West Point na-arụrịta ụka ma a ga-enwe ike ịkọwa agha ọ bụla, na ntuli aka nke ndị na-ege ntị na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'echiche bụ na enwere ike ịkọwa agha n'oge gara aga tupu arụmụka ahụ esochie. Lee https://youtu.be/o88ZnGSRRw0 Na mmemme ndị nzukọ ahụ na-eme World BEYOND War, anyị na-eji ụdị ndị a enyocha ndị mmadụ na mgbanwe ha n'uche: https://worldbeyondwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/PeacePledge_101118_EventVersion1.pdf
[iv] Nzuzo nke mbu nke mba, "mmefu ego nke Militarized 2020," https://www.nationalpriorities.org/analysis/2020/militarized-budget-2020 Maka nkọwa maka atụmatụ ego na ihe adịghị n'ime ya, lee https://www.nationalpriorities.org/budget-basics/federal-budget-101/spending
[v] Ntuli aka oge ụfọdụ jụrụ ihe ndị mmadụ chere na mmefu ego ndị agha bụ, na azịza nke azịza abụwo nke anụ ọhịa. Nchoputa nke February 2017 choputara na otutu ndi kwere na agha agha abughi ihe ha choro. Lee Charles Koch Institute, “New Poll: Americans Crystal Clear: Foreign Policy Status Quo Not Working," February 7, 2017, https://www.charleskochinstitute.org/news/americans-clear-foreign-policy-status-quo-not-working Enwekwara ike iji nyocha tụnyere nke e gosipụtara ndị mmadụ na mmefu ego gọọmentị etiti ma jụọ ha otu ha ga-esi gbanwee ya (ọtụtụ chọrọ nnukwu ego nke ndị agha) na ntuli aka nke na-ajụ ma a ga-ebelata ma ọ bụ mụbaa mmefu ego ndị agha (nkwado maka he dị ala karịa). Maka ịma atụ nke onye mbu, lee Ruy Texeira, Ebe Ọganihu nke Ọganihu America, Nọvemba 7, 2007, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/reports/2007/11/07/3634/what-the-public-really-wants-on-budget-priorities Maka ihe atụ nke ndị ikpeazụ, lee Frank Newport, Gallup Polling, “Ndị America Nọgidere Na -eche na Emefu Iwu nchekwa,” Febụwarị 15, 2011, https://news.gallup.com/poll/146114/americans-remain-divided-defense-spending.aspx
[vi] A na-egosipụta mmefu agha nke mba dị iche iche na maapụ ụwa na https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped Ihe data sitere na Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), https://sipri.org Ugbo agha ndị agha US nke 2018 bụ $ 718,689, nke gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya ọtụtụ mmefu ndị agha US, nke gbasaa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba na ụlọ ọrụ. Maka ngụkọta zuru ezu nke $ ijeri $ 1.25 na mmefu kwa afọ, lee William Hartung na Mandy Smithberger, TomDispatch, "Tomgram: Hartung na Smithberger, Ntugharị Dollar nke Dollar nke National Security State," Mee 7, 2019, https://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176561
[vii] Mba ndị na-ebubata ngwa agha US gosipụtara na eserese ụwa https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped Ihe data sitere na Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/values.php
[viii] Data Maka Ọganihu, “Ndị America Kweere: Bee Ego Pentagon,” July 20, 2020, https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2020/7/20/cut-the-pentagons-budget Site na 56% gaa na 27% ndị ntuli aka US nwere mmasị ịkwaga 10% nke mmefu ego ndị agha maka mkpa mmadụ. Ọ bụrụ na a gwa ya na ụfọdụ n'ime ego ahụ ga-aga na Centlọ Ọrụ Maka Nchịkwa Ọrịa, nkwado ọha na eze bụ 57% na 25%.
[ix] N'ime Houselọ ahụ, votu na Pocan nke Wisconsin Ndezigharị Nọmba 9, Ntugharị 148 na July 21, 2020, bụ 93 Yeas, 324bọchị 13, XNUMX Ọ bụghị Ntuli Aka, http://clerk.house.gov/cgi-bin/vote.asp?year=2020&rollnumber=148 Na Senate, votu na Sanders Ndezigharị 1788 na July 22, 2020, bụ 23 Yeas, 77 Nays, https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=2&vote=00135
[X] Martin Gillens na Benjamin I. Peeji, "Nnwale echiche nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America: Ndị Ọchịchị, Ndị Otu Mmasị, na Nkezi ensmụ Amaala," Septemba 2014, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/testing-theories-of-american-politics-elites-interest-groups-and-average-citizens/62327F513959D0A304D4893B382B992B Kwuru na BBC, “Ọmụmụ: US bụ Oligarchy, Ọ bụghị Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya,” Eprel 17, 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-27074746
[xi] Na 2008, United Nations kwuru na ijeri $ 30 kwa afọ nwere ike ịkwụsị agụụ n'ụwa. Hụ Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations, "onlywa chọrọ naanị ijeri dollar 30 kwa afọ iji kpochapụ ụnwụ agụụ," June 3, 2008, http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/ 2008/1000853 / index.html Nke a ka ekwuru na New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/04/news/04iht-04food.13446176.html and Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/23/opinion/ed-food23 na ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ. Foodtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations agwala m na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka dị taa. N'ihe banyere 2019, mmefu ego kwa afọ nke Pentagon, gbakwunyere mmefu ego agha, tinyere ngwa agha nuklia na Ngalaba Energy, gbakwunyere Ngalaba nke Homeland Security, na mmefu ndị agha ndị ọzọ ejiri ihe karịrị ijeri $ 1, n'ezie $ 1.25. Lee William D. Hartung na Mandy Smithberger, TomDispatch, “Boondoggle, Inc.,” Mee 7, 2019, https://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176561 Pasent atọ nke otu puku ijeri bụ ijeri 30. More na nke a na https://worldbeyondwar.org/explained
[xii] Dabere na UNICEF, ụmụaka 291 na-erubeghị afọ 15 nwụrụ site na ihe kpatara mgbochi n'etiti 1990 na 2018. Lee https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/starts-with-u/health-for-children
[xiii] Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) si kwuo, mmefu agha ndị agha US, na dollar 2018 mgbe niile, bụ $ 718,690 na 2019 na $ 449,369 na 1999. Lee https://sipri.org/databases/milex
