Site n'aka David Swanson na Pat Elder, World Beyond War
Mmetụta Pentagon nwere n'osimiri ahụ bụ onye ọ nọ ọdụ abụghị naanị mmetụta dị iche iche nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na oke osimiri na-ebupụta site na oke mmanụ ndị agha US. Ndị agha US na-ebibi Osimiri Potomac ozugbo n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ karịa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla ga-eche.
Ka anyị gbadata ụgbọ mmiri Potomac site na isi iyi ya na ugwu West Virginia ruo n'ọnụ ya na Chesapeake Bay. Njem ịga n'okirikiri mmiri a na-akọwapụta saịtị isii Superfund EPA nke Pentagon leghaara anya na-eleghara anya banyere usoro okike na-emebi emebi nke Osimiri Potomac.
Na United States Laboratory Ballistics nke Allegany na Rocket Center, West Virginia, 130 kilomita dị n'ebe ugwu nke Washington, bụ ebe dị egwu na-ebute nje na Osimiri Potomac. Mwepụ nke ebe mgbawa na ihe mkpofu ihe na-emetọ ala na mmiri ala na kemịkal dị ize ndụ. A na-ejikọta ala mmiri na ala n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ na explosives, dioxins, ogige ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, acids, ụlọ nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, sludge dị ala site na nkwụghachi ihe nchịkwa, ngwongwo ndị na-emepụta ihe na-egbuke egbuke, ihe osise, na ihe dị iche iche. Na saịtị ahụ nwekwara nsị beryllium. A na-eji ebe ọkụ ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ maka mkpofu mkpofu, na-ekpuchi ájá dị n'elu osimiri ahụ. Ọ dịghị mma.
Ịga njem 90 nke dị n'ebe ndịda na-ewetara anyị Akwa Detrick na Frederick, Maryland, "agha" nke agha maka usoro agha agha nke mba. A na-eli Anthrax, Phosgene, na carbon dioactive, sulfur, na phosphorous ebe a. A na-ejikọta ala mmiri na trichlorethylene na-egbu egbu, carcinogen mmadụ, na tetrachloroethene, nke a na-enyo enyo na ọ na-eme ka etuto dị na ụlọ nyocha. Ndị Agha a na-enyocha ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi n'ebe a, dị ka Bacillus globigii, Serratia marcescens, na Escherichia coli. Ọ bụ ezie na DOD na-ekwu na ọ kwụsịrị ihe ndị e ji akpata ngwá agha iji mee ihe maka nzube ọjọọ na 1971, ihe a na-ekwu dịka ntinye agha nke ndị agha na-agbachitere "ihe nchebe" nke dị nso n'ókè ndị iro.
Fort Detrick nwekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ikpofu elu nke site n'ime mmiri ya na-emecha gbasaa n'ime Osimiri Monocacy dị ala, onye na-arụ ọrụ na Potomac. N'eziokwu, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Maryland ekwuwo na Agha a ga-enye ọtụtụ ọkwa ikike. Mmiri dị ukwuu n'ime mmiri na - eme ka algae na - eto ngwa ngwa karia ike na mpaghara Potomac nwere ike ijikwa. Ọ dị egwu. Agha bụ ihe na-emerụ emerụ nke ọdọ mmiri Potomac.
Nanị kilomita 40 site na ndagwurugwu site na Fort Detrick bụ Washington mmiri Valley agbata obi na ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ American University. Obodo a jiri Army n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ jiri nwaa Lewisite, gas na-egbu egbu nke arsenic. Ndị agha na-ejikọta ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi ma wepụ bọmbụ ndị na-acha ọkụ ọkụ iji hụ otú ngwa ngwa ụmụ anụmanụ nwụrụ. A na-ekpuchi ebe ahụ na ndị na-egbu egbu na ndị na-egbu egbu na ndị agha na-eli ndị fọdụrụ na mgbochi mgbe a nwalere ha. Perchlorate na Arsenic nọ na mmiri mmiri taa. Mmiri ndị na-egbu egbu nke mmiri ọgwụ ndị e mebiri emebi emetọwo mmiri dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Dalecarlia, dị nnọọ na Potoma.
Ihe dị kilomita ise n'ebe ndịda, nke Osimiri Navy nke Washington dị na Osimiri Anacostia, nso nso ya na Potomac. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị emerụ nke ezigbo ala na ala. Osimiri Navy ahụ bụ ebe mbụ a na-achọpụta ihe ndị e ji emepụta cannons, shells, na gbaa. A na-emetọ ala dị n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ na tetrachloride, cyanide, perchlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, lead, na metal, acids, cleaners, caustics, iridite na alkaline, lead, chromium, cadmium, antimony, biphenyls polychlorinated ( PCBs) na dioxins.
N'ebe ugwu Maryland, 20 kilomita site n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri, anyị bịara Ogige Ndị Agha Naval Naval Naval Indian na Charles County, ya na akụkọ 100 afọ nke nkedo na ihe na-ere ọkụ na-ere ọkụ. Ebe a na-ahapụkarị ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ n'ime usoro asaa, oghere ọnụ mmiri na mmiri mmiri ozuzo na-asọba n'ime mmiri mmiri gbara gburugburu nke na-asọba na Potomac. Mmiri dị n'elu ebe a na-ebute ihe dị ọcha na mercury.
Ihe omimi nke ala nke anakọtara na Indian Head nwere perchlorate na ncheta n'etiti 1,600 na 436,000 ug / L. Iji tinye data ndị a n'ime ya, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Na-arụ ọrụ na Maryland setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ ndụmọdụ mmiri nke 1 ug / L. A na-ejikọta akụkụ anụ ahụ na njedebe na-adịghị mma na gland thyroid.
N'ikpeazụ, anyị rutere Ogige Naval Naval Naval - Dahlgren, bụ nke ọzọ 20 kilomita n'ebe ndịda nke Indian Head, tinyere Osimiri Potomac na King George County, Virginia. Mwepụ nke mmiri ọgwụ na-emetụta ala, mmiri mmiri, na sedimenti. Ruo taa, Dahlgren meghere na-erepịa ihe mkpofu ihe egwu, na-ekesa ntụ ntụ nke Potomac, Northern Northern nke Virginia, na Southern Maryland. A ọmụmụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ na Dahlgren depụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ isi ego nke ọkụ ọkụ dị ka "$ 0." Dị ka EPA si kwuo, "ndị ọrụ DOD enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-akpali iji gbanwee ụzọ ha si mee ya maka 70 afọ. Ọkụ dị ọkụ na mbibi bụ ọnụ ala maka ha. "
Na Dahlgren, a na-ejikọta Mercury ka e weere ya na mmiri na Gambo Creek, nke na-abanye n'ime Potoma. Ịgbakwasị ụgbụ mgbochi ndị e merụrụ site na nnukwu ọla na polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) na-egbu ụwa na Potoma ike. PCBs, Trichloroethane, na pesticides dị iche iche na-ejikọta ya na nchịkwa ndị na-esi n'ọkụ na-emepụta ma jiri uranium gbaruru iji mee ụdị ngwá agha nuklia a maara dị ka onye na-akụ ụgbọ ala.
Na 1608 John Smith bụ onye Europe mbụ nyochagharị mmiri nke Potomac site na Chesapeake Bay ruo Washington. N'ịkọwa osimiri ahụ na Chesapeake, Smith dere, "Eluigwe na ụwa anabatabeghị mma iji dozie ebe mmadụ ga-ebi." Ọ ka dị mma, ma afọ 400 mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, mmiri na ala dị nsị. Ebe nrụọrụ Superfund EPA akọwapụtara n'elu ga-enweta nlebara anya karịa ka ha kwesịrị n'ihi na atụmatụ atụmatụ atụmatụ nke Onye isi ala 2018 chọrọ ka e belata usoro nhicha Superfund n'ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ.
EPA achọpụtala ihe ndị a na mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Potomac, ha niile bụ ihe ọrụ agha: Acetone, Alkaline, Arsenic, Anthrax, Antimony, Bacillus Globigii, Beryllium, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Cadmium, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chromium, Cyanide, Cyclonite, Uranium, Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Dinitrotoluene, Dioxins, Escherichia Coli, Iridite, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Nitroglycerin, Perchlorate, Perchlorethylene, Phosgene, Phosphorous, Biphenyls Polychlorinated (PCBs), Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs ), Carbon carbon dioctive, sulfur radioactive, Serratia Marcescens, Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene, Toluene, Trans-Dichloroethylene, Trichloroethene, Trichlororethylene, Trinitrobenzene, Trinitrotoluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xlene, na Zinc.
Potoma abughi ihe puru iche. Pasent iri isii na itoolu nke US Superfund Ebe obibi ọdachi na gburugburu ebe obibi na-esi na nkwadebe agha.
Nkwadebe maka agha na-efu oge 10 ego nke agha na-eme, ma mee ka ọ dịkarịa ala 10 ugboro ọnwụ. Nhazi agha agha agha nke US na-eme ka ọnwụ site n'ịgbanye ihe onwunwe site na mkpa ụmụ mmadụ nakwa site na nbibi oke gburugburu ebe obibi tinyere United States, tinyere na Potomac.
Ihe a na-akpọ enyemaka mba ọzọ na agha obodo na gburugburu ụwa bụ, dị ka ihe zuru ezu ọmụmụ, Oge 100 nwere ike - ọ bụghị ebe enwere nhụjuanya, ọ bụghị ebe e nwere obi ọjọọ, ọ bụghị ebe ụwa dị egwu, mana ebe mba ahụ na-alụ agha nwere mmanụ buru ibu ma ọ bụ onye na-agba ya nwere nnukwu ọchịchọ maka mmanụ.
Ndị agha United States bụ ndị na-azụ mmanụ ala na-ere ọkụ, na-ere ọkụ karịa ọtụtụ mba, ma na-ere ọkụ nke ukwuu n'ime ndokwa maka oge agha. E nwere ụgbọ elu agha nke nwere ike ime ka mmebi na mmanụ ụgbọala jet na minit 10 karịa ka i nwere ike iji mmanụ ụgbọ ala na-anya ụgbọ ala gị otu afọ.
Ihe omuma ndia nile weghachite mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi nke ndi na-eme ihe agha na ndi agha ha. Mba United States bụ onye na - ebubata ngwá agha agha na ndị ọzọ nke ụwa.
Ntụle niile dị otú ahụ na-ahapụkwa ọtụtụ mbibi na nkọwa niile nke nhụjuanya mmadụ. Ndị agha United States na-ere ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu n'èzí, n'akụkụ ndị agha ya na ebe dịka Iraq, n'akụkụ ụlọ ndị mmadụ bi na mba ndị ọ wakporo, yana n'ime United States n'ọtụtụ - mgbe mgbe ndị ogbenye na ndị pere mpe - obodo dịka Colfax, Louisiana, na Dahlgren na Potomac.
Ọtụtụ n'ime mmebi ahụ bụ kpamkpam na-adịgide adịgide, dịka nsi nke uranium dara ada, nke e jiri mee ihe dị ka Syria na Iraq. Ma nke a bụ eziokwu na ebe niile gburugburu United States. Na nso St. Louis, Missouri, na ala ọkụ na-agagharị na nso ebe nchekwa ala nke ihe mkpofu redio.
E nwekwara Osimiri Potomac. Ọ na-asọga n'ebe ndịda n'etiti Lincoln na Jefferson Memorial na Washington, DC dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Arlington, Virginia, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ebe Pentagon Lagoon na-ebute mmiri ahụ n'isi ụlọ agha ụwa.
Ọ bụghị naanị na ụlọ nke agha na-anọdụ ala n'akụkụ mmiri na-ebili - na-ebili nke mbụ n'ihi mmetụta nke agha, mana mmiri ndị ahụ - mmiri nke Potomac na nke Chesapeake Bay nke ọ na-asọba, na ebili nke bulie ma wedata mmiri nke Pentagon Lagoon kwa ụbọchị - na-emerụ oke mmiri site na njikere agha.
Nke a mere anyị ji na-eme atụmatụ na ịkpọ gị òkù ịbanye na kayactivist flotilla gaa Pentagon na September 16th. Anyi kwesiri iweta ntinye nke No More Oil maka Agha na nbata nke onye ndu anyi na ebute anyi.
