Site n'aka John LaForge, Grassroots Pịa
"Obere ihe karịrị 60 kilomita site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Brussels," Kleine Brogel Air Base bụ otu n'ime saịtị Europe isii ebe United States ka na-echekwa ngwá agha nuklia na-arụ ọrụ, William Arkin dere n'ọnwa gara aga. Onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa obodo maka NBC News Investigates, Arkin dọrọ aka ná ntị na bọmbụ ndị a “na-ezere nlebara anya ọha na eze ruo n'ókè nke egwu nuklia mgbe oké ụjọ gasịrị na Belgium nwere ike ime n'ebughịdị bọmbụ ndị ahụ.”
Na ọdụ Kleine Brogel, enwere atụmatụ bọmbụ nuklia US B20 61 nke ụgbọ elu F-16 nke Belgian Air Force ga-ebu ma wepụta ya. N'agbanyeghị ngwa agha ndị a "abịaghị na mgbasa ozi akụkọ na-esote [March 22] bọmbụ Alakụba State na Brussels," Arkin dere maka NewsVice. Akpọghị ndị B61 na akụkọ banyere ogbugbu nke onye nche reactor nuklia nke Belgium, Arkin kwuru, ma ọ bụ na akụkọ gbasara nchekwa lax na ndị na-ahụ maka ike ike Belgium.
Taa, nanị 180—n’ime ihe karịrị 7,000 nukes US e bugara na Europe—ka na-adị njikere: na Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands na Turkey. “Na,” Arkin na-ekwu, “E wepụrụ ọbụna ngwá agha nuklia Soviet n’Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe.” Ọ bụrụ na "enwere ike iwepụ ngwá agha nuklia na Korea Peninsula, n'ezie ọ dịghị mkpa ka ha nọrọ n'anụ ahụ na Europe," ka o kwuru. "Ndị mmekọ nuklia NATO ndị ọzọ emebiela. Na 2001, e wepụrụ ngwá agha nuklia ikpeazụ na Gris. Ọbụna e wepụrụ ngwá agha nuklia US na Britain na 2008. "
Ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ akọwapụtakwala ihe ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-ewere dị ka ihe egwu egwu. Hans M. Kristensen, onye nduzi nke Nuclear Information Project of the Federation of American Scientists, dọrọ aka ná ntị n'ọnwa gara aga na, "Ndị na-eyi ọha egwu a na-enyo enyo etinyewo anya na otu n'ime ntọala Ịtali [abụọ n'ime ụlọ US B61 bombs], na nnukwu nuklia nuklia. nkwakọba ihe na Europe [90 US B61 na Incirlik] nọ n'etiti ọgba aghara obodo na Turkey ihe na-erughị kilomita 70 site na Syria agha tisasịrị. Nke a ọ̀ bụ n'ezie ebe dị nchebe iji chekwaa ngwá agha nuklia? Azịza ya bụ Mba, karịsịa n'ịtụle na ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-eyi ọha egwu 9/11 kụrụ Belgium ugboro atọ, Germany na Ịtali otu ugboro, na Turkey ma ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro 20-na ndị mmekọ NATO anọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ B61 dị ugbu a.
Nnukwu azụmahịa n'azụ H-bọmbụ ọhụrụ
Ọtụtụ ndị Europe, ndị ozi NATO a ma ama na ndị ọchịagha, na mkpebi ndị omeiwu Belgium na German achọwo iwepụ B61 na-adịgide adịgide. Njide abụghị echiche ọha, mkpa nchekwa ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi ma ọ bụ nnukwu azụmahịa.
Nuclear Watch New Mexico na-akọ na US National Nchekwa Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) na-enweta ihe dị ka ijeri $ 7 kwa afọ maka idobe na "ịkwalite" ngwa agha nuklia. Air Force chọrọ ka e wuo 400-500 ọhụrụ B61-12, 180 n'ime ha ga-edochi ụdịdị ndị a maara dị ka B61-3, -4, -7, -10, na -11 ugbu a na Europe. N'afọ 2015, NNSA mere atụmatụ ego iji dochie B61 na ijeri $8.1 karịa afọ iri na abụọ. A na-achọ mmụba mmefu ego kwa afọ.
Ụlọ nyocha ngwá agha nuklia anyị na-akwalite ma na-eri nri site na ụgbọ oloko a na-eri nri, dị ka Nuclear Watch NM si kwuo, kpọmkwem Sandia National Lab (otu ụlọ ọrụ Lockheed Martin Corp.) na Los Alamos National Lab, abụọ na New Mexico, bụ ndị na-ahụ maka nhazi ahụ. imepụta na nnwale nke B61-12.
William Hartung, onye otu na Center for International Policy, na-akọ na nnukwu ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta ngwa agha dị ka Bechtel na Boeing na-enweta nnukwu uru site na nkwalite ngwa agha. Lockheed Martin "na-enweta ata abụọ na apụl," Hartung na-ekwu, n'ihi na ọ na-emepụta ma na-ewu bọmbụ F-35A, "nke a ga-adabara iburu B61-12, dị ka F-15E (McDonnell Douglas), F-16 (General Dynamics), B-2A (Northrop Grumman), B-52H (Boeing), Tornado (Panavia Aircraft) na ndị na-atụ bọmbụ n'ọdịnihu.
Ọ bụ ezie na United States ekwela nkwa na ha agaghị arụ ngwa agha nuklia ọhụrụ, Kristensen, na Matthew McKinzie, onye ntụzi mmemme Nuklia na Natural Resources Defence Council, na-akọ na “[T] ike nke B61-12 ọhụrụ… , site n’ịgbatị ndụ dị mfe nke bọmbụ dị adị, ruo na bọmbụ ike ndọda ụgbọ mmiri nke mbụ US duziri, ruo na onye na-abanye n’ụwa nke nuklia na-enwekwu izi ezi.” Mgbanwe ngwa agha nuklia ndị a dị mgbagwoju anya na-efu nnukwu ego ụtụ isi. Ego ahụ na-agakwa n'ihu n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ ma na-akwụghachi ikike a ghọtara na ndị ọrụ ngwá agha nuklia na-ebuga na ụlọ ọrụ, agụmakwụkwọ, ndị agha na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.
Mkpesa ogologo oge ọkọchị na-eme na Büchel Air Base, ebe obibi nke US H-bomb 20
Otu German nke Nuclear-Free Büchel ewepụtala 19 yath usoro omume kwa afọ megide bọmbụ 20 B61 etinyere na Büchel Air Force Base na West-central Germany. Mkpu mkpali nke afọ a maka mmemme were izu 20: “Büchel nọ ebe niile.” Ọrụ ahụ malitere na Maachị 26— ncheta mkpebi mkpebi German Bundestag nke 2010 na-akpọ maka iwepụ nke B61s—ma na-aga n'ihu ruo Ọgọst 9, ụbọchị Nagasaki. Naanị n'èzí ọnụ ụzọ ámá ahụ, ọkọlọtọ ndị buru ibu, akwụkwọ akụkọ na ihe osise na-echeta mgbalị na-aga nke ọma 30 afọ gara aga nke chụpụrụ 96 US nuclear-armed missiles na Hunsrück, Germany: Na Oct. 11, 1986, ihe karịrị mmadụ 200,000 gara ebe ahụ megide NATO. na-ezube iji ogbunigwe nuklia n'ime Germany megide mbuso agha Warsaw Pact, ya bụ, ọgụgụ isi ndị agha nke ibibi Germany iji chekwaa ya. Ọ dị ka ihe na-agbanwe…
