US na NATO Buildup na Eastern Europe na Scandinavia na US agha na ihe omume na Afrika

Ihe ngosi maka nzuko nke VI na mkpochapu nke agha ndi ozo
Guantanamo, Cuba, May 4-6, 2019

Site n'aka Colonel Ann Wright

Aghaghị m ịmalite ngosi m na ịrịọ mgbaghara nye ndị Cuba maka obodo m, United States nke America bi na mba ndị Cuba maka Naval Base nke Guantanamo, ọdụ ndị agha nke US jigoro ogologo oge na mpụga US na ụlọ maka oge gara aga Afọ 18 ụlọ mkpọrọ aha ọjọọ dị ebe ahụ.

M na-arịọkwa mgbaghara maka mmebi iwu dị egwu nke United States nwere n'ahụ ndị Cuba maka afọ 50 dị ka iyi egwu akụ na ụba na ụdị egwu na mmegwara maka ekweghị ka ọchịchọ nke US maka afọ 61, ebe ọ bụ na Cuban Revolution.

Ana m arịọ mgbaghara maka President nke Cuban Institute for Friendship of the People (ICAP) Fernando Gonzalez maka mkpọrọ ya na iwu akwadoghị na United States na ndị ọzọ a maara dị ka Cuban ise ndị a na-akwadoghị mkpọrọ na United States.

Achọrọ m ịrịọ ndị Venezuela na Nicaragua mgbaghara maka ọrụ US na-agba mbọ ịkwatu ndị gọọmentị ahọpụtara na mba ha na mmachi ndị US tinyere na mba ndị ahụ. Ana m arịọ mgbaghara maka ndị Honduras maka ọrụ ndị US rụrụ na ịkwatu gọọmentị ha. N'oge a, na Gọọmentị nke Venezuela rịọrọ, ndị enyi na Washington, DC nọ na Embasii nke Venezuela iji gbochie ndị na-eme nnupụisi Juan Guaido ịwakpo ụlọ ọrụ Embassy.

Ugbu a maka isiokwu maka okwu m. 70^th Emume ncheta nke North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) emere na Washington, DC Eprel 3 na 4, 2019. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ bịara Washington ịkatọ ụzọ mgbagha megide Russia nke mere ka Europe bụrụ mpaghara nsogbu ọzọ mgbe ihe karịrị afọ 25 nke Cold Agha agafeela n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.

N'afọ iri gara aga, US na NATO anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ichebe ndị agha na Baltic, Scandinavian na Eastern Europe mba dị nso na Russia.

Na Estonia, e nwere ndị agha NATO nke ndị agha batrị na UK na nke ndị agha 800 si Denmark na France na 4 German Jọpọn jet na-eme njem Baltic "Mmanya ụgbọelu".

Na Latvia, e nwere otu onye agha 1,200 nke Canada na ndị agha nke ndị agha si Albania, Italy, Poland, Spain na Slovenia.

Na Lithuania, ndị agha nke 1,200 na-edu Germany site na Belgium, Croatia, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands na Norway na 4 Dutch F-16 jet na-eme njem Baltic "Mgbochi Ikuku."

Enweela mmụba na mmefu ego ndị agha nke Estonia na Latvia na Lithuania ugboro abụọ na agha agha ya n'ihi nrụgide NATO.

Na Poland, e nwere usoro agha ụta nke US Aegis na nke 4,000 US battalion na-ebu agha dị arọ, gụnyere tankị 250, Bradley Fighting Vehicles na Paladin.

Na Romania, United States etinyela usoro ntanye ala nke Aegis, nke mbụ na Europe kemgbe Agha Nzuzo.

N'ebe ugwu nke Europe na Scandinavia, ihe ndị agha kachasị mkpa agha nke NATO kemgbe njedebe nke Agha Nzuzo, aha ya bụ Trident Juncture 18, mere na Norway site n'October 25 ruo na November 7, 2018 na ihe ngosi dị ike nke na-atụ egwu Russia.

Ihe ruru ndi agha 50,000 sitere na obodo 31 - ndi otu 29 nke NATO tinyere Sweden na Finland - sonyere na nhazi a haziri na etiti Norway maka mmeghari ala, na North Atlantic na Oke Osimiri Baltic maka oru mmiri, na Norwegian, Swedish na Ikuku ikuku Finnish.

Nke ahụ bụ ihe dịka ndị agha 10,000 karịa na mmemme Strong Resolve na Poland na 2002, nke mere ka ndị otu Alliance na mba 11 gbakọ.

Ugbo ala 10,000 sonyere na mmezi agha na mgbe ha kwusiri na njedebe ruo na njedebe, convoy ga-adi kilomita 92 ma ọ bụ 57 kilomita ogologo. Aircraftgbọ elu 250 na ụgbọ mmiri 60 sonyere, gụnyere ụgbọelu nuklia na-ebu ụgbọelu USS Harry S. Truman.

Ihe karịrị ndị agha ala 20,000, yana ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri 24,000 gụnyere US Marines, 3,500 ndị ọrụ ikuku, gburugburu ndị ọkachamara 1,000 logistics na ndị ọrụ 1,300 sitere n'ọtụtụ Iwu NATO sonyere.

Mba ise kachasị nye onyinye bụ United States, Germany, Norway, Britain na Sweden n'usoro ahụ.

Na 2017, n'agbanyeghị ngagharị iwe siri ike sitere na Russia, 330 US Marines nyefere na ntụgharị na ọzụzụ ọzụzụ Norwegian na Værnes n'etiti Norway. Ndi United States choro ime ka onu ogugu ndi agha US rue 700 ma mee ka ha gaa n'ebe ugwu na Setermoen, kilomita 420 site na Russia. Nkwekorita nkwekorita nke United States ga-agbatịkwa site na ọnwa isii a ga-agbanwe agbanwe ruo afọ ise.

Njikọ aka Russia na Crimea na 2014 bụ ihe kpatara NATO ji mee ka ndị ọrụ US / NATO dị na etiti na ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe. Gọọmentị Russia katọrọ ugboro ugboro na mbubata ndị agha US na Norway.

Kemgbe njikọ Russia nke Crimea na 2014,  Poland aghọwo isi ihe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ US dị na Eastern Europe, gụnyere ihe ndi ozo nke 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team igosi ngwangwa nchikota ndi agha US na ndi agha NATO. N'August, US Force Force deployed ise F-22 Raptors na 40 kwadoro na Poland iji soro na mmekorita ya na ebe ahụ.

United States ekwuputala na US Army Europe na-agbasawanye ọgba aghara ya site n'ịgbakwụnye ndị agha 1,500 na ndị agha ya na Germany.

Ndị agha kwuru na September 2018 na ọhụụ ọhụrụ ahụ eme atụmatụ ịmalite n'afọ a nakwa na ndị agha na ndị ezinụlọ ha kwesịrị ịnọ na Southern Germany site na September 2020.

Enwere ndị agha 35,220 US na Germany yana ngụkọta nke 64,112 US agha na Europe:

Nkwupụta ozi nchekwa nke Polish depụtara mpaghara mpaghara nke Bydgoszcz na Toruń dị ka ebe enwere ike maka mpaghara nchekwa US. Ọzọkwa,'slọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọzụzụ Ngwá Agha nke NATO anọworị n'isi ụlọ ọrụ na Bydgoszcz.

US agha agha na Europe ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ya na iri ise na ihe karịrị 450,000 agha na-arụ ọrụ karịa karịa 1,200 saịtị. Mgbe ngwụsị nke Agha Nzuzo agha United States agha na Europe ngwa ngwa belatatara ndị ọrụ 213,000, na mgbe e mesịrị n'ime 1993 ọ belata ọbụna karịa ndị ọrụ 112,000. Taa, e nwere 64, ndị agha America nke 112 nọ na Europe. Ihe agha na agha US na Europe (EUCOM) nwere ike ịkewapụta na ngalaba.

ỤLỌ ỤLỌ ỤLỌ ỤLỌ NÁ

Ihe agha https://southfront.org/military-analysis-us-military-presence-in-europe/

• Isi nhazi ọrụ bụ nnukwu nrụnye nwere ike ịnweta ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu dị ukwuu nke ndị agha na-adịgide adịgide na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
• Ebe nrụọrụ na-aga n'ihu bụ ndị agha na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eji eme ihe. Ntọala ndị a nwere ike ime mgbanwe na-adabere n'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ.
• Ebe nchekwa nchedo enweghịkarị ndị agha na-adịgide adịgide ma na-akwado ya ma ọ bụrụ na onye nkwekọrịta ma ọ bụ nkwado mba.

Iwu European Command, EUCOM, bụ ọrụ maka ọrụ agha, mmekọrịta, nchebe nchebe n'ozuzu dị ka akụkụ nke United States na-ebu ụzọ na-eche nche. EUCOM nwere mpaghara ise: US Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR), US Army Europe (USAREUR), US Air Force in Europe (USAFE), US Marine Force Europe (MARFOREUR), US Special Operations Order Europe (SOCEUR).

• US Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR) nyere iwu, ịchịkwa na nchịkọta maka ihe niile US Maritime akụ ugbu a na Europe na dị na Naples, Italy nke bụkwa ebe obibi nke Sixth Fleet.
• US Army Europe (USAREUR) dị na Wiesbaden, Germany. N'elu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Agha Nzuzo, ndị agha US nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị agha 300,000 nọ na Europe, taa isi nke USAREUR guzobere site na ndị agha brigade abụọ na bọmbụ ụgbọelu dị na Germany na Ịtali.
• US Air Force na Europe (USAFE)  nwere isi ihe asatọ dị na Europe na ihe dịka 39,000 nọ n'ọrụ, ndị ọrụ nchekwa na ndị nkịtị. USAFE na-akwado ọrụ ndị na-aga n'ihu na Europe ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'oge nsogbu na Libya.
• US Marine Force Europe (MARFOREUR)  nke a na-eme na iri asatọ na-erughị nde 200, taa a na-enye iwu na Böblingen, Germany na ihe gbasara 1,500 ụgbọ mmiri e kenyere iji kwado EUCOM na ọrụ NATO. MARFOREUR nọ na Balkans, ọ na-enwekwa mmega agha agha oge nile, karịsịa ndị agha Norwegian.
• US Special Operations Iwu Europe (SOCEUR) na-enye oge udo na-eme atụmatụ oge na ịchịkwa njikwa nke ndị ọrụ pụrụ iche pụrụ iche n'oge agha na-ezighị ezi na EUCOMs nke ọrụ. SOCEUR sooro na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ ikike na mpụga ndị ọzọ na Africa, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị na Balkans n'oge afọ iri na itoolu ma kwadoo agha n'oge agha Iraq na Afghanistan.

NỌNỌ NUCLEAR NA EUROPE

Tinyere ike nuklia nke French na nke Britain, ndị United States anọgidewokwa na-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ịrịba ama nke agha nuklia na Europe. N'oge Agha Nzuzo US nwere ihe karịrị 2,500 nuklia nuklia na Europe, ma mgbe njedebe nke Agha Nzuzo na ọdịda nke Soviet Union ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na-ebelata ngwa ngwa. Taa dị ka ụfọdụ atụmatụ na-akwadoghị, US nwere gburugburu 150 na 250 warheads nke e zigara na Italy, Turkey, Germany, Netherlands na Belgium. Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ngwá agha ndị a na-adaba na mwepụ bọmbụ nke ụgbọelu na-eweta.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ngwá agha nuklia dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe, ọ bụ nkwarụ na iwepu ọkụ ndị a adịghị ele anya, na-atụle ọnọdụ dị na Ukraine na Middle East. E nwere usoro ihe abụọ dị ugbu a ejiri jide ngwá agha nuklia na Europe: Ngwá ụgbọ elu nuklia na ụgbọ elu nke ụgbọ elu na ụgbọ elu nuklia na onye na-elekọta ụlọ.

Ngwurugwu Nuklia bụ Lakenheath (UK), Volkel (Netherlands), Kleine Broggle (Belgium), Buchel (Germany), Ramstein (Germany), Ghadei Torre (Italy), Aviano (Italy) na Incirlik (Turkey).

Ugbua ụgbọ ala na ntinye nuklia na onye nlekọta na Norvenich (Germany), Araxos (Greece), Balikesir (Turkey), Akinci (Turkey). Germany nwere ngwá agha nuklia kachasị na US nwere nchekwa nke ihe karịrị bọmbụ 150. Enwere ike imegharị ngwá agha ndị a ma gbanwere ya ma ọ bụ obodo ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ.

• Isi ala US nke dị na United Kingdom
  • Menwith Hill Hill Base
  • Mildenhall Egwuregwu Ikuku
  • Alcon Bury Air Base
  • Isi ihe dị na Croughton
  • Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Fairford
• Isi ala US dị na Germany
  • USAG Hohenfels
  • USAG Weisbaden
  • USAG Hessen
  • USAG Schweinfurt
  • USAG Bamberg
  • USAG Grafenwoehr
  • USAG Ansbach
  • USAG Darmstadt
  • USAG Heidelberg
  • USAG Stuttgart
  • USAG Kaiserslautern
  • USAG Baumholder
  • Spangdahlem Air Base
  • Ramstein Air base
  • Panzer Kaserne (US Marine base)
• Isi ala US nke dị na Belgium
  • USAG Benelux
  • USAG Brussels
• Isi ala US nke dị na Netherlands
  • USAG Schinnen
  • Iwu Ngwakọta nke Njikọ
• Isi ala US dị na Itali
  • Aviano Air Base
  • Caserma Ederle
  • Ogige Darby
  • NSA La Maddalena
  • NSA Gaeta
  • NSA Naples
  • NSA Sigonella
• Bases dị na Serbia / Kosovo
  • Camp Bondsteel
• Isi ala US nke dị na Bulgaria
  • Graf Ignatievo Air Base
  • Bezmer Air Base
  • Aitos Logistics Center
  • Novo Selo Range
• Isi ala US nke dị na Gris
  • NSA Souda Bay
• Isi ala US dị na Turkey
  • Izmir Air Base
  • Incirlik Air Base

Ntughari nke Russia nke Crimea na aririọ nke ndi Crimea bu ndi choputara ka ha gbakwunye ha na ngwugwu, nyere ha agha agha na US na NATO ihe kpatara ha chere na ha choro igbalite onu ogugu na ike nke agha ndi agha Scandinavia na mba Baltic.

Ọzọkwa, agha nke agha US na Russia na mba ndị ọzọ na Siria na Venezuela abụrụwo ihe ezi aka nke mmụba na mmefu agha nke United States, ebe ọchịchị Russia nwere mmefu ego nke nanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke mmefu ego US ma dị obere mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere atụmatụ mmefu nke agha niile nke mba 29-NATO.

US MILITARY IN AFRICA

Achọrọ m ịkọtara gị mmụba dị ịrịba ama nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha US na ndị ọrụ ya na mba ndị dị na Africa n'okpuru iwu US a na-akpọ AFRICOM. Dabere na nchọpụta mara mma Nick Turse na Sean Naylor mere na Eprel 19, 2019, nke akpọrọ "Footkwụ US na Africa," enwere usoro ndị agha 35 "akpọrọ aha" ya na ndị agha US na mba 19.

ARMADA SWEEP: Otu US Navy onyunyo onyunyo na-esi na ụgbọ mmiri si n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke East Africa, Armada wepụ na-akwado agha agha na US na mpaghara.

Ejiri ala: Unknown

ECHO CASEMATE: Ọrụ a na-ekpuchi usoro ihe omume na Central African Republic. Ọ malitere na 2013 ka a support ozi maka ndi French na Afrika bu ndi choputara Central African Republic maka nsogbu nchedo udo ma gara n'ihu dika ozi inye aka na ndi enyemaka nye ndi agha ndi agha udo Afrika. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha United States esonyere ndị ha na ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ọhịa ma ọ bụ kụziere ha n'ụzọ iwu. Ọrụ ahụ kpuchiri nkwupụta nke ndị ọrụ ngo na ndị Marines iji hụ na US Embassy dị na Bangui na nnyefe nke obere ọrụ pụrụ iche nke United States na-akwado iji nyere ndị nnọchianya US aka na mgbochi ndị agha Jehova. N'ụbọchị mbụ nke ọrụ ahụ, ndị agha United States kwọpụrụ ọtụtụ narị ndị agha Burundia, tọn ngwá ọrụ na ihe karịrị ụgbọ agha iri na abụọ n'ime Central African Republic, dị gaa n'Africa. Ndị agha US gara n'ihu na-ebugharị ndị agha France na na nke Central African Republic, na ozi ahụ ka na-amalite na mmalite 2018.

A na-eji isi ala: Abeche, Chad

AKWỤKWỌ AHỤ: Otu n'ime ezinụlọ nke ndị a na-akpọ ọgụ counterterrorism nke ndị agha na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na United States na East Africa. Exile Hunter bụ usoro 127e nke ndị agha US nyere aka zụrụ ma kwadebere ndị agha Etiopia maka ịrụ ọrụ counterterrorism na Somalia. Bolduc kwuru na ya mechibidoro ya na 2016 n'ihi na ọchịchị Etiopia adịghị enwe obi iru ala banyere ike na-adaghị n'okpuru iwu ya. Otú ọ dị, Ngalaba Nchekwa nke February 2018 ndepụta nke arụ ọrụ ndị a na-egosi na a kpọlitere ya n'ọnwụ.

Ejiri ala: Ogige Lemonnier, Djibouti

JUKEBOX LOTUS: Ọrụ Lotus nke Jukebox malitere dị ka mmeghachi nsogbu na mmemme September 2012 na Benghazi, Libya, nke gburu US Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens na mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ America, ma nọgidere ruo mgbe ọ dịkarịa ala 2018. Ọ na-enye Afrịka Iwu iwu dị ukwuu iji rụọ ọrụ dịgasị iche iche na Libya dị ka achọrọ ma bụrụ kpọmkwem na ọ bụghị ọrụ pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ counterterrorism.

Ejiri ala: Faya Largeau na N'Djamena, Chad; Isi igwe 201, Agadez, Niger

NKWANYA NDỊ: Otu njem nchebe ụgbọ mmiri na Gulf of Guinea gụnyere ndị nche Afrika na US Coast na-arụ ọrụ site n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị United States ma ọ bụ ndị agha Africa. Na 2016, ìgwè ndị ngwakọ ahụ na-eduzi 32 na-abanye, nke na - akpata $ 1.2 nde na ụgwọ a na - ahụ maka ihe karịrị 50 Maritime violations, nakwa dịka mgbake nke a mmanụ dizel onye tankị nke ndị pirates jidere. N'afọ gara aga, arụmọrụ na ụgbọ mmiri Senegal na Cabo Verdean mere ka ọ dịkarịa ala 40 na-abanye - ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ụgbọ azụ - na $ 75,000 na-akwụ ụgwọ maka mmebi azụ abụọ.

A na-eji isi ala: Dakar, Senegal

NKWU AHỤ: A nnyocha nyocha na Libya na, dịka akụkụ nke 2016 Mgbasa ozi nke airstrikes megide Alakụba State ọnọdụ na Libyan obodo Sirte, nyere ọrụ nkwonkwo ọrụ Nye iwu ụfọdụ ndị ọchịchị na-achịkwa akụ iji zụlite ozi ezubere iche maka mkpọsa

Ejiri ala: Unknown

JUNIPER MICRON: Na 2013, mgbe France kwusịrị ịlụ agha megide Islamists na koodu Mali-akpọ Operation Serval, US malitere Ọrụ Juniper Micron, nke gụnyere ndị agha French na-etu elu ma na-enye ha na ógbè France mbụ ahụ, ụgbọ mmiri na-efe efe na-akwado ụgbọ elu nke France, na inyere ndị agha Africa aka. Juniper Micron nọ na-aga n'ihu dị ka nke October 2018, yana eme atụmatụ ka ọ gaa n'ihu n'ọdịnihu.

Ejiri ala: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Istres-Ụlọ Nkịtị nke Azụ, France; Bamako na Gao, Mali; Isi igwe 201 (Agadez), Arlit, Dirkou, Madama na Niamey, Niger; Dakar, Senegal

JUNIPER NIMBUS: Juniper Nimbus abughi oru ozo na-akwado oru ndi agha Naijiria megide Boko Haram.

Ejiri ala: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; N'Djamena, Chad; Arlit, Dirkou na Madama, Niger

JUNIPER SHIELD: Ọrụ nchegharị maka ọrụ ahụ nke mere ka ndị mmadụ na-eche nche na Niger, Nchekwa Juniper bụ United States 'centerpiece mgbalị counterterrorism n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Africa ma kpuchie ya Mba 11: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal na Tunisia. N'okpuru aka Juniper Shield, ndị United States na-agbagharị n'ime ọnwa isii ọ bụla iji zụọ, nye ndụmọdụ, nyere aka ma soro ndị agha ibe ha rụọ ọrụ megide ìgwè ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, tinyere ISIS-West Africa, Boko Haram na al Qaida na ndị mmekọ ya.

Ejiri ala: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Garoua na Maroua, Cameroon; Bangui, Central African Republic; Faya Largeau na N'Djamena, Chad; Bamako na Gao, Mali; Nema na Ouassa, Mauritania; Isi igwe 201 (Agadez), Arlit, Diffa, Dirkou, Madama na Niamey, Niger; Dakar, Senegal

NIMBLE SHIELD: Mgbasa ozi ala na-adighi ala na-eche na Boko Haram na Isis-West Africa

Ejiri ala: Douala, Garoua na Maroua, Cameroon; Bangui, Central African Republic; N'Djamena, Chad; Diffa, Dirkou, Madama na Niamey, Niger

OAKEN SONNET I-III: A usoro nke arụ ọrụ atọ na South Sudan. Oaken Sonnet Abụ m siri ike 2013 nnapụta ndị ọrụ US site na mba ahụ na mmalite nke agha obodo. Oaken Sonnet II mere na 2014 na Oaken Sonnet III na 2016.

A na-eji isi ala: Juba, South Sudan

OAKEN STEEL: Nkwado nke US Embassy dị na Juba, South Sudan, iji chebe ndị ọrụ mpaghara nke mba dị iche iche n'oge ọgba aghara n'etiti agha ndị agha na agha obodo ahụ, Ọrụ Oaken Steel, nke si na July 12, 2016, Jan. 26, 2017, hụrụ ndị agha United States na-adanye na Uganda iji nye nsogbu n'oge ọgba aghara n'oge ọgba aghara.

Ejiri ala: Ogige Lemonnier, Djibouti; Moron Air Base, Spain; Entebbe, Uganda

Anyị na-eme atụmatụ ịnwe nkwupụta ogologo oge na agha ndị agha United States na Africa na mkparịta ụka ọzọ.