Site Neta C. Crawford, June 12, 2019
site The ihe
Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị nche nchebe adọwo aka ná ntị maka ihe karịrị afọ iri na okpomọkụ dị n'ụwa bụ Nchedo nchedo nchedo onwe gi.
Ha na-akwado na ihe si na njedebe zuru uwa - oké osimiri, oké ifufe, ụnwụ nri ma mee ka mmiri ghara ịdị na - adị mfe - nwere ike ime ka mpaghara ụwa bụrụ nke a na - ejighị n'aka ma mee ngwa ngwa njem mpụ na ọgba aghara ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.
Ụfọdụ na-echegbu onwe ha agha nwere ike ịgbaso.
Ma na ihe ole na ole, agha ndị agha United States na-enye dị ukwuu na mgbanwe ihu igwe enwechaghị nlebara anya. Ọ bụ ezie na Ngalaba Nchebe ahụ belatala ihe oriri ọkụ ya site na mmalite 2000s, ọ na-anọgide na ụwa otu kachasị ahịa nke mmanụ - ma dị ka a rụpụtara, otu n'ime igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta gas na-eme n'ụwa.
Akwụpọ carbon zuru oke
Enwere m mụọ agha na udo ruo afọ iri anọ. Ma, m na-elekwasị anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ agha ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka mmiri gri na United States na-akụzi ihe na mgbanwe ihu igwe ma na-elekwasị anya na mmeghachi omume Pentagon na oke okpomọkụ nke ụwa. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, Ngalaba Nchedo bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-ere ọkụ na United States, na-aza ajụjụ n'etiti 77% na 80% niile ike gọọmenti etiti ebe 2001.
na a nchọpụta ọhụụ ọhụrụ bipụtara site na Mahadum Brown Ụgwọ Ọrụ Ụlọ Ọrụ, Ejiri m tụnyere gas carbonhouse gas na United States site na 1975.
Taa China bụ nnukwu mmiri griinụ kachasị elu n'ụwa, United States sokwa. Na 2017 Pentagon nke gas na-emepụta gas na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị carbon dioxide na-emetụta 59 nde metric. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ mba, ọ ga-abụ na 55th kasị ukwuu nke greenhouse gas emitter, nke nwere nnukwu ibu karịa Portugal, Sweden ma ọ bụ Denmark.
Ebe kachasị esi enweta mmanụ gas na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta ụlọ na mmanụ ụgbọala. Ngalaba Nchedo na-ekwusi ike n'elu ụlọ 560,000 dịka ụlọ ọrụ 500 na ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha nke mba ọzọ, nke na-ede maka 40% nke ihe ọkụkụ gas.
Ndị ọzọ na-abịa site na arụmọrụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, na afọ 2016 maka afọ mkpanaka, Ngalaba Nchebe gburu ihe 86 nde orù nke mmanu maka ebumnuche arụmọrụ.
Gịnị mere ndị agha ji eji nnukwu mmanụ ụgbọala eme ihe?
Ihe agha na akụrụngwa ndị agha na-eji nnukwu mmanụ ụgbọala eme ihe na ihe dị mkpa maka ndị na-agbachitere nchebe bụ gallons kwa kilomita.
Ụgbọ mmiri na-agụkarị akpịrị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, B-2 stealth bomber, nke nwere ihe karịrị 25,600 galọn nke mmanụ ụgbọ ala, na-ere 4.28 galọn kwa mile ma na-ebute karịa 250 metric ton greenhouse gas na 6,000 nautical mile. Kc-135R ụgbọ mmiri na-agba mmanụ na-ere ihe gbasara 4.9 galọn kwa mile.
Otu ozi na-ewe nnukwu mmanụ. Na Jenụwarị 2017, ndị na-agba bọmbụ B-2B na 15 tankers tank refueling gara karịa 12,000 kilomita site na Whiteman Air Force Base ruo bombu ISIS lekwasịrị anya na Libya, na-egbu banyere 80 chere na ndị ISIS agha. N'ịgụtaghị emission tankers, B-2s kwuru banyere 1,000 metric ton of gashouse gas.
Ịgwa ndị agha agha
Ịchọta ihe ndị na-esi na gas na-emepụta Nchebe Ngwá Nchebe adịghị mfe. Ụlọ Nche Nchebe na-azụta ihe ịzụrụ mmanụ, ma Pentagon adịghị anọgide na-akọ DOD nri oriri na-edozi na Congress na ihe ọ na-eme kwa afọ.
Ngalaba Energy na-ebipụta data na DOD mmepụta ike na oriri mmanụ, gụnyere maka ugbo na akụrụngwa. N'iji ihe oriri mmanu eme ihe, ana m ekwu na site na 2001 site na 2017, DOD, gụnyere alaka ụlọ ọrụ niile, e nyere nde 1.2 ijeri metric gas. Nke ahụ bụ ike yiri nke na-ebu ụgbọ ala 255 nde mmadụ njem karịrị otu afọ.
N'ime mkpokọta ahụ, echere m na ihe ọkụkụ dị n'etiti 2001 na 2017, gụnyere "arụmọrụ na-aga agha na mba ndị ọzọ" na Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq na Syria, mere ihe karịrị 400 nde metric tonne CO2 equivalent - roughly Otu na ihe ntaneti nke ihe ruru nde ugbo 85 di otu afo.
Nsogbu ndị dị adị na nke dị ugbu a?
Ihe kachasị mkpa Pentagon bụ iji kwadebe maka mmegide nke ndị iro mmadụ. Ndị nnyocha na-arụ ụka banyere ọdịdị agha na ọkwa nkwadebe agha iji gbochie ya, ma na nke m, ọ dịghị onye iro United States - Russia, Iran, China na North Korea - ga - ebuso United States agha.
Ọ bụghịkwa nnukwu ndị agha na-eguzogide nanị otu ụzọ isi belata egwu ndị a na-emegide. Njikwa aka na diplomacy nwere ike ime ka esemokwu kwụsị ma belata egwu. Ahịa iwu nwere ike belata ike nke ndị na-ekwu okwu na ndị na-abụghị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri iji mee ka nchebe ọdịmma nke United States na ndị ya na ha gbakwunyere egwu.
N'ụzọ dị iche, mgbanwe ihu igwe abụghị ihe ize ndụ. Ọ malitere, n'eziokwu pụta na United States. Enweghi ike belata onu ogugu ikuku gas na-eme ka ndi mmadu mara ihe ndi ozo na-ama aka megide - ikekwe "agha ihu igwe" - karia.
A ikpe maka ịgha agha agha
N'ime afọ iri gara aga, Ngalaba Nchedo nwere belata ihe oriri site na omume ndị na-agụnye iji ume maka ume ọhụrụ, ụlọ igwe na na-ebelata oge ụgbọ elu ụgbọelu na-agba ọsọ.
Ihe niile a na-eme kwa afọ nke DOD kwụsịrị site na ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke carbon dioxide nke 85 na 2004 ruo 59 nde tonni na 2017. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ, dị ka mgbe ahụ James General Matis tinyere ya, ga-adị "Nke a na-enweta site na mmanụ ọkụ" site n'ibelata nduzi agha na mmanụ na mmanụ convoys ndị na-enweghị ike ịwakpo ya na mpaghara agha.
Ebe ọ bụ na 1979, United States etinyewo ihe dị mkpa n'ichebe ohere ịbanye n'Ọwara Oké Osimiri Peasia. Ihe otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọala bụ maka US Central Command, nke na-ekpuchi mpaghara Gulf nke Persia.
As ndị ọkà mmụta nchebe mba na arụ ụka, na-atụ egwu na-eto eto n'ike ume na eme ka US na-adabere na mmanụ ala ọzọ, ọ ga-ekwe omume na Congress na onyeisi oche na-echetaghachi ọrụ agha nke mba anyị ma belata ike nke ndị agha na-eji kpuchie ohere ịnweta mmanụ Middle East.
Ekwenyere m na ndị agha na ndị ọkachamara nchedo obodo nke na-akwado ya mgbanwe ihu igwe kwesịrị n'ihu na etiti na arụmụka nchedo mba mba United States. Ịchapu Pentagon ghasent gas ga-enyere aka zọpụta ndụ na United States, ọ pụkwara ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke esemokwu ihu igwe.
bụ Prọfesọ nke Sayensị Ọchịchị na Ngalaba Nchịkwa na Mahadum Boston.
