Site na Terry Crawford-Browne, World BEYOND WarỌnwa Abụọ 24, 2021
Ihe nkiri vidio nke Israel a kpọrọ Lab mere na 2013. E gosipụtara ya na Pretoria na Cape Town, Europe, Australia na US wee nweta ọtụtụ onyinye, ọbụlagodi na Tel Aviv International Documentary Film Festival.[I]
Ihe odide nke ihe nkiri a bụ na ọrụ Israel na-arụ na Gaza na West Bank bụ "ụlọ nyocha" ka Israel wee nwee ike ịnya isi na ngwa agha ya bụ "elere ọgụ ma nwapụta" maka mbupụ. Na, n'ụzọ kachasị nke ọma, lee ka ọbara Palestine si ghọọ ego!
Kọmitii Ọrụ Ndị Enyi nke America (ndị Quakers) dị na Jerusalem ka tọhapụrụ ya Ebe nchekwa nke ndị agha Israel na mbupụ Nche (DIMSE).[Ii] Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ na-akọwa azụmaahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ na ojiji nke ngwa agha Israel na usoro nchekwa site na afọ 2000 ruo 2019. India na US abụrụla ndị mbubata mbubata abụọ, na Turkey nke atọ.
Ihe omumu ahu kwuru:
'Israel na-esote kwa afọ n'etiti ndị na-ebubata ngwa agha iri na ụwa, mana ọ naghị akọ akụkọ mgbe niile na United Nations na-edeba aha na ogwe aka agha, ma ọ bụghị akwadola Arms Trade Treaty. Usoro iwu ụlọ nke Israel anaghị achọ nghọtahie n'okwu banyere azụmaahịa aka, ma ugbu a enweghị iwu mgbochi ikike ụmụ mmadụ na-egbochi mbupụ ngwa agha Israel karịa ịsọpụrụ site na mgbochi UN Security Council. "
Israel enyela ndị ọchịchị aka ike Myanmar ngwa agha kemgbe afọ ndị 1950. Mana naanị na 2017 - mgbe ọgba aghara zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere mgbukpọ nke Muslim Rohingyas na mgbe ndị na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Israel jiri ụlọ ikpe Israel kpughee ahia ahụ - nke a ghọrọ ihe ihere nye ọchịchị Israel.[iii]
Ọfịs nke Kọmishọna Ukwu nke UN Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na 2018 kwupụtara na a ga-ekpe onye isi ndị Mianmaa maka mgbukpọ agbụrụ. Courtlọikpe Ikpe Mba Nile na Hague na 2020 nyere Mianmaa iwu ka ọ gbochie ime ihe ike mgbukpọ nke agbụrụ megide ndị Rohingya pere mpe, yana ịchekwa ihe akaebe nke mwakpo ndị gara aga.[iv]
N'iburu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Oké Mgbukpọ ndị Nazi, ọ bụ ihe dị njọ na gọọmentị Israel na ụlọ ọrụ ogwe aka Israel etinyela aka na mgbukpọ na Myanmar na Palestine tinyere ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Kashmir, Serbia na Philippines.[v] Ọ bụ ihe jọgburu onwe ya na US na-echekwa steeti satịlaịtị ya site na iji ike ya eme ihe na UN Security Council.
N’akwụkwọ ya nke isiokwu ya Agha megide ndị mmadụ, Onye udo nke Israel Jeff Halper ji ajụjụ jụọ: “Olee otu Israel si gbanahụ ya?” Azịza ya bụ na Israel na-arụ "ọrụ ruru unyi" maka US ọ bụghị naanị na Middle East, kamakwa Africa, Latin America na ebe ndị ọzọ site na ire ngwá agha, usoro nchekwa na ịdebe ọchịchị aka ike site na ịkwakọrọ ihe ndị sitere n'okike gụnyere diamonds, ọla kọpa , coltan, ọlaedo na mmanụ.[vi]
Akwụkwọ Halper na-akwado ụlọ nyocha na ọmụmụ DIMSE. Onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya US na Israel na 2009 dọrọ Washington aka na ntị na Israel na-abawanye "ala ekwere na nkwa maka mpụ a haziri ahazi". Mbibi nke ụlọ ọrụ ngwa agha ya ugbu a bụ nke mere na Israel aghọọla "mba ndị na-eme mkpọtụ".
Etinyere mba Afrịka iteghete na ọdụ data DIMSE - Angola, Cameroon, Côte D'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, South Sudan na Uganda. Ndị ọchịchị aka ike na Angola, Cameroon na Uganda adaberewo na nkwado ndị agha Israel ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Mba itoolu ndị a ma ama na nrụrụ aka na mmebi iwu ụmụ mmadụ na-ejikọtakarị.
Onye ọchịchị aka ike ogologo oge bụ Eduardo dos Santos bụ onye kacha baa ọgaranya n'Africa ebe nwa ya nwanyị bụ Isobel bụkwa nwanyị kasị baa ọgaranya n'Africa.[vii] A na-ekpechite ma nna ma nwa nwanyị ikpe maka nrụrụ aka.[viii] Nkwụnye mmanụ na Angola, Equatorial Guinea, South Sudan na Western Sahara (nke sitere na 1975 nke Morocco megidere iwu mba ụwa) na-enye atụmatụ maka itinye aka na Israel.
Mkpụrụ obi ọbara bụ ọnyà na Angola na Côte D'Ivoire (tinyekwara Democratic Republic of Congo na Zimbabwe nke na-esonyeghị n'ọmụmụ ihe ahụ). Akpọrọ agha dị na DRC dị ka "Agha Worldwa Mbụ n'Africa" n'ihi na ihe na-akpata ya bụ cobalt, coltan, ọla kọpa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe diamonds chọrọ site na azụmahịa nke a na-akpọ "World First".
Site na ụlọ akụ ya nke Israel, ọla diamond, Dan Gertler na 1997 nyere nkwado ego maka nchụpụ nke Mobutu Sese Seko na mwepụ nke DRC site n'aka Laurant Kabila. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke Israel mechara mee ka Kabila na nwa ya nwoke nọ n'ọchịchị ebe Gertler kwakọọrọ akụ ndị sitere na DRC.[ix]
Naanị ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ọ pụọ n'ọfịs na Jenụwarị, onye bụbu President Donald Trump kwụsịrị Gertler itinye na ndepụta ndepụta Global Magnitsky nke etinyela Gertler na 2017 maka "azụmahịa na-emebi emebi na nrụrụ aka na DRC". A na-agbagha mgbali Trump ịgbaghara Gertler na Ngalaba Ọchịchị US na US Treasury site na ndị Congo na ndị otu mba ụwa iri atọ.[X]
Ọ bụ ezie na Israel enweghị mines diamond, ọ bụ mba na-eduga ịcha na polishing ebe. N’ịbụ onye guzosiri ike n’oge Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ site na enyemaka South Africa, azụmahịa diamond ahụ duuru ụzọ maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Israel. Diamondlọ ọrụ diamond na Israel nwere njikọ chiri anya na ụlọ ọrụ ogwe aka na Mossad.[xi]
Côte D'Ivoire anọghị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kemgbe afọ iri abụọ gara aga, yana emepụtaghị diamond ya.[xii] Ma akụkọ DIMSE ahụ na-ekpughe na azụmaahịa diamond nke Côte D'Ivoire na-eme kwa afọ ruru carats 50 000 na 300 000, yana ndị ụlọ ọrụ ngwa agha nke Israel na-etinye aka na azụmaahịa egbe-maka-diamonds.
Mụ amaala Israel nwekwara nnukwu nsogbu n'oge agha obodo Sierra Leone na 1990s, na egbe-maka ahia diamonds. Colonel Yair Klein na ndị ọzọ nyere ọzụzụ maka Revolutionary United Front (RUF). “Usoro RUF a bịanyere aka na ya bụ bepụ ndị nkịtị aka, jiri mma na anyụike na-agbaji aka, ụkwụ, egbugbere ọnụ na ntị. Ebumnuche RUF bụ ime ka ndị mmadụ maa jijiji ma nwee ọ enjoyụ na-achị ala ubi diamond. ”[xiii]
N'otu aka ahụ, ụlọọrụ dị n'ihu nke Mossad boro ebubo ịtụ vootu Zimbabwe na oge Mugabe[xiv]. Mossad mgbe ahụ boro ebubo na ọ haziri usoro ntuli aka na 2017 mgbe Emmerson Mnangagwa nọchiri Mugabe. A na-ebuga diamonds Marange nke Zimbabwe na Israel site na Dubai.
N'aka nke Dubai - ulo ohuru nke umuaka Gupta bu ihe ama dika otu n'ime ulo oru ndi na-ebughari ego na uwa, ya na onye enyi ohuru nke Israel - nyekwara asambodo ugha banyere usoro Kimberley na diamond ọbara ndị ahụ enweghị nsogbu. . A na-egbutu nkume ndị ahụ ma kpochaa ya na Israel maka mbupụ na US, nke bụ isi nye ụmụ okorobịa na-enweghị isi bụ ndị loro mkpọsa mgbasa ozi De Beers na diamonds dị ebighi ebi.
South Africa nọ n'ọnọdụ 47th n'ọmụmụ DIMSE. Ngwa agha na-ebubata site na Israel kemgbe 2000 bụ sistemụ radar na ọdụ ụgbọ elu maka azụmaahịa azụmahịa BAE / Saab Gripens, ụgbọ ọgbaghara na ọrụ nchekwa cyber. N'ụzọ dị mwute, a naghị enye ụkpụrụ ego. Tupu 2000, South Africa na 1988 zụtara ụgbọ elu ọgụ 60 bụ nke ndị agha ikuku nke Israel anaghịzi eji. Emelitere ụgbọ elu ahụ ihe ruru otu ijeri dọla na nde asaa ma nyegharịa Cheetah, ma nyefee ya ka ọ gachara 1.7
Mkpakọrịta ahụ na Israel ghọrọ ihe ihere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nye ANC. Agbanyeghị n'ụgbọ elu ụfọdụ ka nọ na ngwugwu, ere Cheetah ndị ahụ na ọnụahịa ire ọkụ na Chile na Ecuador. Ndị BAE Hawks na BAE / Saab Gripens nke Britain na Sweden dochiri Cheetah ndị ahụ na ọnụ ahịa ọzọ nke $ 2.5 ijeri.
Anabatabeghị nsogbu nrụrụ aka BAE / Saab. Ihe dị ka peeji 160 nke akwụkwọ nkwado sitere na British Serious Fraud Office na Scorpions na-akọwa etu na etu esi akwụ BAE ụgwọ ijeri £ 115 (R2 billion), bụ ndị a kwụrụ ụgwọ ndị ahụ, na nke a na-akwụ ụgwọ ụlọ akụ na South Africa na mba ofesi.
Megide nkwa sitere n’aka gọọmentị Britain na mbinye aka nke Trevor Manuel, nkwekọrịta mbinye ego Barclays Bank nke afọ 20 maka ndị ụgbọ elu ọgụ BAE / Saab bụ ihe atụ ederede banyere mbinye ụgwọ ụgwọ nke “ụwa nke atọ” nke ụlọ akụ Britain.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe na-erughị otu pasent nke azụmahịa ụwa, e mere atụmatụ na azụmahịa agha ga-abụ pasent 40 ruo 45 nke nrụrụ aka zuru ụwa ọnụ. Atụmatụ a pụrụ iche sitere - n'ebe niile - Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) site na Ngalaba Azụmaahịa US. [xv]
Nrụrụ aka ogwe aka na-aga aka nri. Ọ gụnyere Queen, Prince Charles na ndị ọzọ so n'ezinụlọ ndị Britain.[xvi] Ewezuga ole na ole, ọ gụnyekwara onye otu US Congress n'agbanyeghị agbanyeghị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị. Onye isi ala Dwight Eisenhower na 1961 dọrọ aka na ntị banyere nsonaazụ nke ihe ọ kpọrọ "ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha-ụlọ ọrụ-ọgbakọ omebe iwu".
Dị ka ọ dị na Lab, ndị uwe ojii Brazil nwụrụ anwụ yana ihe ruru ndị uwe ojii America 100 azụrụla ụzọ ndị ụmụ Israel ji gbachitere ndị Palestine. Ogbugbu nke George Floyd na Minneapolis na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ Afro-America nọ n'obodo ndị ọzọ na-egosi etu esi ebupụ ime ihe ike na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ịkpa oke agbụrụ Israel na ụwa niile. Ihe kpatara nsogbu ngagharị iwe Ndụ Ndụ gosipụtara na US bụ ọha na-enweghị oke aha na ọrụ adịghị mma.
Otu UN Security Council weghaara na November 1977 kpebisiri ike na apartheid na mmebi iwu mmadu na South Africa bu ihe iyi egwu nke udo na nchekwa nke mba uwa. A machibidoro mmachi aka nke ọtụtụ mba mebiri, ọkachasị Germany, France, Britain, US na ọkachasị Israel.[xvii]
A wụsara ọtụtụ ijeri ijeri na Armscor na ndị ọrụ ngo ndị ọzọ na mmepe nke ngwa agha nuklia, ngwa agha na ngwa ndị ọzọ, nke abaghị uru ọ bụla megide mmegide ụlọ na apartheid. Ma kama ịkwado usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'ụzọ gara nke ọma, mmefu aghara aghara a maka ngwa agha mebiri South Africa.
Dịka onye editọ mbụ nke Business Day, mbubreyo Ken Owen dere, sị:
“Ihe ọjọọ nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ bụ nke ndị isi obodo ndị nkịtị: nzuzu ya niile bụ nke klaasị ndị ọchịagha. Ọ bụ ihe nhụjuanya nke nnwere onwe anyị na ọchịchị Afrikaner nwere ike ịnwe ọkara narị afọ ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ndị agha anaghị echegharị akụ mba ahụ n'ime ọrụ dị ka Mossgas na Sasol, Armscor na Nufcor na, n'ikpeazụ, enwetaghị anyị ihe ọ bụla ma e nweghị ego na ihere . ”[xviii]
N’otu aka ahụ, onye nchịkọta akụkọ magazin Noseweek, Martin Welz kwuru, sị: “Israel nwere ụbụrụ, ma ọ dịghị ego. South Africa nwere ego, mana enweghị ụbụrụ ”. Na nkenke, South Africa kwadoro mmepe ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha Israel nke taa bụ nnukwu ihe iyi egwu udo ụwa. Mgbe Israel mechara ghazie nsogbu n'okpuru nrụgide US na 1991 wee malite ịlaghachi na njikọ aka ya na South Africa, ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha Israel na ndị isi ndị agha ekwesighi ike.
Ha rịọrọ mgbaghara ma sie ọnwụ na ọ bụ "igbu onwe." Ha kwupụtara "South Africa zọpụtara Israel". Anyị kwesịkwara icheta na Denel rụpụtara obere egbe G3 egbe nke ndị uwe ojii South Africa jiri gbuo ndị mmadụ na 2012 Marikana n'okpuru ikike n'aka Israel.
Ọnwa abụọ ka Onye isi ala PW Botha bụ onye ama ama Rubicon Okwu na August 1985, onye ọrụ nchekwa akụ ọcha oge a ghọrọ onye na-agbanwe agbanwe. Abụ m onye Nedbank na-ahụ maka ego mpaghara mpaghara Western Cape, na-ahụkwa maka akụ na mba ofesi. Anọ m na-akwado nkwado Mgbasa Ozi End (ECC), ma jụ ịhapụ nwa m nwoke dị afọ iri na ụma ka edebanye aha ya maka ịbanye na ndị agha apartheid.
Ntaramahụhụ maka ịjụ ije ozi na SADF bụ mkpọrọ afọ isii. E mere atụmatụ na ụmụ okorobịa ọcha 25 000 hapụrụ mba ahụ kama ịbanye na ndị agha apartheid. Na South Africa ka bụ otu n'ime mba ndị kacha eme ihe ike n'ụwa bụ naanị otu n'ime ọtụtụ nsonaazụ na-aga n'ihu nke colonialism na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na agha ha.
Mụ na Archbishop Desmond Tutu na ngwụcha Dr Beyers Naude, anyị malitere mkpọsa iwu mba niile na United Nations na New York na 1985 dị ka ihe ikpeazụ na-emeghị eme iji gbochie agha obodo na agbụrụ agbụrụ. Myirịta dị n’etiti ndị otu na-ahụ maka ikike onwe onye America na mkpọsa mba ụwa megide ịkpa oke agbụrụ pụtara ìhè nye ndị Afro-America. E nyefere iwu mmegide na ịkpa oke agbụrụ otu afọ mgbe nke a gasịrị na veto Onye isi ala Ronald Reagan.
Na Perestroika na njedebe na-abịanụ nke Agha Nzuzo na 1989, ma President George Bush (Senior) na US Congress yiri egwu igbochi South Africa ịme azụmahịa ọ bụla na US. Tutu na anyị ndị na-alụ ọgụ megide ịkpa oke agbụrụ enweghịzi ike ịtinye aha anyị dịka "ndị Kọmunist!" Nke ahụ bụ ihe ndabere maka okwu Onye isi ala FW de Klerk na February 1990. De Klerk hụrụ ihe odide ahụ na mgbidi.
Enweghị ohere ịbanye na nnukwu ụlọ akụ asaa dị na New York na usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ dollar US, South Africa agaraghị enwe ike ịzụ ahịa ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa. Onye isi ala Nelson Mandela mechara kweta na mkpọsa mmachi nke ụlọ akụ New York bụ usoro kachasị dị irè megide apartheid.[xix]
Ọ bụ ihe mmụta dị mkpa na 2021 maka Israel nke, dị ka apartheid South Africa, na-azọrọ ụgha na ọ bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ime ndị na-akatọ ya dị ka “ndị na-emegide Juu” anaghị arụpụta ihe ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-aba ụba nke ndị Juu n’ụwa niile na-ekewapụ onwe ha na Zionism.
Na Israel bu ala nke apartheid ka edeputara ugbua - tinyere ya na Russell Tribunal na Palestine nke zutere na Cape Town na November 201l. O gosipụtara na omume gọọmentị nke Israel na Palestine na-agbaso ụkpụrụ iwu nke apartheid dị ka mpụ megide apartheid.
N'ime "Israel kwesịrị ekwesị," ihe karịrị iwu 50 na-akpa ókè megide ụmụ amaala Palestine nke Israel na ndabere nke ụmụ amaala, ala na asụsụ, ebe pasent 93 nke ala ahụ bụ naanị maka ọrụ ndị Juu. N'oge a na-akpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa, a kọwara mmechuihu ndị dị ka “obere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ.” E wezụga "ahịhịa ndụ ahịhịa ndụ," Palestine Authority bụ "nnukwu ịkpa oke agbụrụ" Bantustan, mana yana nwere nnwere onwe pere mpe karịa nke Bantustans nwere na South Africa.
Alaeze Rome, nke Ottoman, nke French, nke Britain na nke Soviet niile mechara daa mgbe akwụ ụgwọ nke agha ha dara. N'okwu pithy nke mbubreyo Chalmers Johnson, onye dere akwụkwọ atọ banyere ọdịda nke Ọchịchị US n'ọdịnihu: "ihe ndị na-enweghị ike ịga n'ihu ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, emela."[xx]
E gosipụtara ọdịda na-abịanụ ugbu a nke alaeze US site na nnupụisi na Washington nke Trump kwalitere na 6 Jenụwarị. Nhọrọ na ntuli aka ntuli aka nke 2016 bụ n'etiti onye omempụ agha na onye nzuzu. Agwara m mgbe ahụ na onye nzuzu bụ n'ezie nhọrọ ka mma n'ihi na Trump ga-agbawa usoro ahụ ebe Hillary Clinton gaara enweta ma mee ka ọ gbatịkwuo oge.
N'okpuru nkwupụta nke "ịchekwa America," a na-emefu ọtụtụ narị ijeri dollar na ngwá agha na-abaghị uru. Na US enwekwaghị agha ọ bụla ọ lụrụ kemgbe Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ adịghị ka ọ dị mkpa ọ bụrụhaala na ego ahụ na-aga Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Boeing na ọtụtụ puku ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ, tinyere ụlọ akụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ.[xxi]
United States mefuru ijeri $ 5.8 naanị na ngwa agha nuklia site na 1940 ruo na njedebe nke Agha Nzuzo na 1990 na afọ gara aga tụrụ aro imefu ijeri $ 1.2 ọzọ iji mee ka ha dị ọhụrụ.[xxii] Nkwekọrịta banyere mmachibido iwu Ngwá Agha Nuclear ghọrọ iwu mba ụwa na 22 Jenụwarị 2021.
Israel nwere atụmatụ 80 nuklia ndị e mere na Iran. Onye isi ala Richard Nixon na Henry Kissinger na 1969 kpughere akụkọ na "US ga-anabata ọnọdụ nuklia Israel ma ọ bụrụhaala na Israel ekwetaghị ya n'ihu ọha". [xxiii]
Dị ka International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) kwenyere, Iran hapụrụ ọchịchọ ya ịmepụta ngwa agha nuklia ogologo oge gara aga dịka 2003 mgbe ndị America kwụgidere Saddam Hussein, onye bụ "nwoke ha" na Iraq. Nkwenye Israel na Iran bụ ihe iyi egwu maka udo na nchekwa mba ụwa bụ ụgha dịka ọgụgụ isi nke Israel na 2003 banyere "ngwa agha nke mbibi oke" nke Iraq.
Ndị Britain “chọpụtara” mmanụ na Persia (Iran) na 1908, ma kwakọrọ ihe ha. Mgbe gọọmentị a họpụtara site na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya mere ka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ Iran pụta, ndị gọọmentị Britain na US na 1953 haziri ọgbaghara, wee kwado ọchịchị aka ike Shah ruo mgbe a kwaturu ya n'oge mgbanwe 1979 nke Iran.
Ndị America were iwe (ma nọgide). Na ịbọ ọbọ na nkwekọ na Saddam tinyere ọtụtụ gọọmentị (gụnyere apartheid South Africa), US kpachara anya kpalitere agha afọ asatọ n'etiti Iraq na Iran. Nyere akụkọ ihe mere eme na gụnyere nkwụsị nke Trump nke Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ndị Iran nwere obi abụọ banyere nkwa US ịgbaso nkwekọrịta ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta ọ bụla.
Ihe ize ndụ bụ ọrụ nke dollar US dị ka ego idobere ụwa, yana mkpebi siri ike US ịmanye gọọmentị na akụ na ụba ya na ụwa dum. Nke a na-akọwakwa ihe mkpali maka mbọ Trump na-akpata mgbanwe na Venezuela, nke nwere mmanụ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.
Trump kwupụtara n’afọ 2016 na ya “ga-asọpụ apiti” na Washington. Kama, n’oge nche onye isi ala ya, apiti apịtị ghọrọ olulu, dịka ọ pụtara ìhè site na ngwa ọgụ ya na ndị ọjọọ nke Saudi Arabia, Israel na UAE gbakwunyere “nkwekọrịta udo nke narị afọ a” ya na Israel.[xxiv]
Onye isi ala Joe Biden ji nhoputa ndi ochichi ya mee ka ndi ntuli aka nke America na America puru iche "ndi bulu". Nyere ọgba aghara na 2020 na mmetụta nke atụmatụ Black Ndụ, yana ịda ogbenye nke etiti na klaasị na-arụ ọrụ, onye isi ala ya ga-ebute ụzọ ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'obodo, yana ịhapụ mba ụwa.
Mgbe afọ 20 nke agha kemgbe 9/11, US esighi ike wepu Syria na Russia na Iran na Iraq. Na Afghanistan egosipụtakwala aha ọma ya dị ka "ili nke alaeze ukwu". Dị ka ala-mmiri dị n’agbata Eshia, Europe na Africa, Middle East dị oké mkpa maka ọchịchọ China ịghachite ọnọdụ ya mere eme dịka mba kachasị ụwa.
Agha aghara aghara nke Israel / Saudi / US megide Iran ga-akparịrị itinye aka na Russia na China. Nsonaazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere ike ịbụ ọdachi maka mmadụ.
Iwe ụwa mgbe ogbugbu nke onye nta akụkọ Jamal Khashoggi ka njọ site na mkpughe na US na Britain (gbakwunyere mba ndị ọzọ gụnyere South Africa) bụ ndị siri ike n'inye Saudi Arabia na UAE ọ bụghị naanị ngwá agha kamakwa n'inye nkwado nkwado maka agha Saudi / UAE na Yemen.
Biden ekwuputalarị na mmekọrịta US na Saudi Arabia "ga-emezigharị".[xxv] Mgbe ị na-ekwupụta "America alọghachila," ihe ndị na-eche ọchịchị Biden bụ ọgba aghara ụlọ. Ndị etiti na ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dara ogbenye na, n'ihi mkpa ego maka agha kemgbe 9/11, elegharala akụrụngwa America anya. Isdọ aka ná ntị Eisenhower na 1961 bụ nke ziri ezi ugbu a.
Ihe karịrị pasent 50 nke mmefu ego gọọmentị US na-etinye na ịkwadebe maka agha, yana ego na-aga n'ihu na-akwụ ụgwọ agha ndị gara aga. Worldwa na-emefu ijeri $ 2 kwa afọ na njikere agha, ọtụtụ n'ime ya bụ ndị US na ndị otu NATO. Akụkụ ole na ole n'ime nke ahụ nwere ike ịkwado nsogbu mgbanwe ihu igwe ngwa ngwa, mbelata ịda ogbenye na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.
Kemgbe agha Yom Kippur na 1973, a na-ere mmanụ OPEC na dollar US naanị. N'ime nkwekọrịta Henry Kissinger kpara, ọkọlọtọ mmanụ Saudi gbanwere ọkọlọtọ ọla edo.[xxvi] Ihe nchoputa nke uwa buru ibu, ma gunyere:
- US na Britain kwere nkwa na ezinụlọ Saudi maka imegide nnupụisi ụlọ,
- A ga-ere mmanu OPEC na dollar US naanị, a na-edebe ego na New York na London. N'ihi ya, dollar bụ ego echekwara ụwa na ndị ọzọ nke ụwa na-akwado usoro akụ na ụba US na akụnụba ya, na agha America,
- Banklọ akụ nke England na-ahụ maka "Saudi Arabia slush fund," nke ebumnuche ya bụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ mmebi nzuzo nke mba ndị bara ọgaranya na Asia na Africa. Kwesịrị Iraq, Iran, Libya ma ọ bụ Venezuela chọrọ ịkwụ ụgwọ na Euro ma ọ bụ ọla edo kama dollar, nsonaazụ ya bụ "mgbanwe ọchịchị".
Ekele maka ọkọlọtọ mmanụ Saudi, nke ndị ọzọ bi n'ụwa na-akwụ ụgwọ mmefu nke ndị agha United States na-akparaghị ókè. Nke a gụnyere ụgwọ nke ihe dị ka ntọala 1 000 US gburugburu ụwa, ebumnuche ha bụ iji hụ na US nwere naanị pasent anọ nke ndị bi n'ụwa nwere ike ịkwado ikike agha na nke ego ya. Ihe dị ka ntọala 34 dị n'Africa, abụọ n'ime ha nọ na Libya.[xxvii]
"Njikọ Anya Ise" nke mba ọcha ndị na-asụ Bekee (gụnyere US, Britain, Canada, Australia na New Zealand na nke Israel bụ onye a n'ezie) ejiriwo mpako mee onwe ha ikike itinye aka n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ụwa niile. NATO tinyere aka na Libya na 2011 mgbe Muammar Gaddafi rịọrọ ịkwụ ụgwọ maka mmanụ maka mmanụ Libyan karịa dollar.
Na United States na ọdịda akụ na ụba na China na ịrịgo, ụdị agha na ego anaghị dabara adaba na 21st narị afọ, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọnụ. Mgbe etinyere nsogbu akụ na ụba 2008 na oke mgbapụta na mpụga na ụlọ akụ na Wall Street, ọrịa Covid tinyere nnukwu ego ịgbapụta ego emeela ka ọdịda United States daa.
O kwekọrọ n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na US abụkwaghị onye na-ebubata ma dabere na mmanụ Middle East. China anọchila US, nke bukwara nnukwu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ na onye na-ejide ego US Treasury. Ihe ndị a metụtara Israel dị ka obodo na-achị obodo na mba Arab ga-abụ nnukwu oge “nnukwu nna” enweghị ike itinye aka.
Ego ọla edo na mmanụ bụbu barometa nke eji eji atụle mba dị iche iche. Ọnụ ego ọla edo na-akwụsi ike na ọnụ mmanụ mmanụ adịghịkwa ike, ebe akụ na ụba Saudi nọ n'oké nsogbu.
N'ụzọ dị iche, ọnụahịa nke bitcoins ejirila rịa - site na $ 1 000 mgbe ụda rutere n'ọfịs na 2017 ruo ihe karịrị $ 58 000 na 20 February. Ọbụna ndị na-akụ akụ na New York na-atụgharị uche na mberede na ọnụahịa bitcoin nwedịrị ike iru $ 200 000 site na njedebe nke 2021 ka dollar US na-adaba, na usoro ego ụwa ọhụrụ si na ọgba aghara pụta.[xxviii]
Terry Crawford-Browne bụ World BEYOND War Onye nchịkọta mba - South Africa, na onye edemede nke Eye na Ego (2007), Anya na Diamonds, (2012) na Anya na Gold (2020).
[I] Kersten Knipp, "Thelọ nyocha ahụ: Palestinians dị ka Guinea Pigs?" Deutsche Welle / Qantara de 2013, 10 Disemba 2013.
[Ii] Ebe nchekwa data nke ndị agha na ndị nchekwa nchekwa na Israel (DIMSA). Kọmitii Ọrụ Ndị Enyi America, November 2020. https://www.dimse.info/
[iii] Juda Ari Gross, "Mgbe ụlọ ikpe gagsịrị mkpebi na irere ngwa agha na Mianmaa, ndị na-eme ngagharị na-akpọ maka ngagharị iwe," Times nke Israel, 28 September 2017.
[iv] Owen Bowcott na Rebecca Ratcliffe, “courtlọikpe kachasị elu nke UN nyere Mianmaa iwu ka ha chebe Rohingya na Mgbukpọ, The Guardian, 23 Jenụwarị 2020.
[v] Richard Silverstein, "Ndị ahịa ahịa nke Genocidal nke Israel," Magazin Jacobin, November 2018.
[vi] Jeff Halper, Agha megide Ndị Mmadụ: Israel, Palestinians na Global Pacification, Akwụkwọ akụkọ Pluto, London 2015
[vii] Ben Hallman, "Ihe 5 kpatara Luanda Leaks ji karịa Angola," Consortium International of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), 21 Jenụwarị 2020.
[viii] Reuters, “Angola na-akwali ijide akụ dị na Dos Santos na Courtlọikpe Dutch,” Times Live, 8 February 2021.
[ix] Onye akaebe zuru ụwa ọnụ, “onye ọkaiwu na - akpata esemokwu Dan Gertler gosipụtara na ọ na-eji netwọ ego na-enyo enyo na mba ofesi iji zere iwu US na ịnweta akụnụba ọhụrụ na DRC,” 2 July 2020.
[X] Human Rights Watch, “Akwụkwọ ozi jikọrọ US na Dan Gertler's License (Nke GLOMAG-2021-371648-1), 2 February 2021.
[xi] Sean Clinton, "Usoro Kimberley: industrylọ ọrụ diamond nke ọtụtụ ijeri dollar," Middle East Monitor, 19 November 2019.
[xii] Tetra Tech na nnọchite US AID, “Artisanal Diamond Mining Sector na Côte D’Ivoire,” Ọktoba 2012.
[xiii] Greg Campbell, Ọbara Ọbara: cingchọpụta lyzọ Na-egbu Egbu nke Nkume Dị Oké Ọnụ Ahịa nke ,wa, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 2002.
[xiv] Sam mgbe, "Zim ndi nhoputa ndi ochichi 'mpịakọta na aka nke na-enyo enyo Israel ụlọ ọrụ," Mail na Guardian, 12 April 2013.
[xv] Joe Roeber, “Ọ Kasị Ego Maka Nrụrụ Aka,” Prospect Magazine, 28 August 2005
[xvi] Phil Miller, “Ekpughere: Ndị eze Britain zutere ndị ọchịchị ọchịchị aka ike Middle East ihe karịrị 200 oge kemgbe oge opupu mmiri Arab gbawara afọ 10 gara aga,” Daily Maverick, 23 February 2021.
[xvii] Sasha Polakow-Suransky Mmekọrịta a na-ekwughi ekwupụta: mmekọrịta nzuzo nke Israel na apartheid South Africa, Jacana Media, Cape Town, 2010.
[xviii] Ken Owen, Sunday Times, 25 Jun 1995.
[xix] Anthony Sampson, “Onye dike nke sitere n’agbụrụ ndị dike,” Cape Times, 10 Disemba 2013.
[xx] Chalmers Johnson (onye nwụrụ na 2010) dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ihe omuma ya na alaeze US, Blowback (2004), Ogbugbu nke Alaeze Ukwu (2004) na Nemesis (2007) lekwasịrị anya na enweghị ego nke Alaeze Ukwu n'ihi ọdịmma agha ya. N'ajụjụ ọnụ vidiyo nke 52 nke emepụtara na 2018 bụ nyocha ọhụụ na-enweta n'efu na-akwụghị ụgwọ. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwFm64_uXA
[xxi] William Hartung, Ndị Amụma nke Agha: Lockheed Martin na ofme Mgbasa Ọrụ Ndị Agha, 2012
[xxii] Hart Rapaport, "Gọọmentị US na-ezube imefu ihe karịrị otu puku ijeri dollar na Ngwá Agha Nuclear," Columbia K = 1 Project, Centerlọ Ọrụ Maka Nyocha Nuklia, 9 July 2020
[xxiii] Avner Cohen na William Burr, “Ọ Na-amasị Na Israel Nwere bombu? Ata ụta Nixon, ”Ofesi, 12 Septemba 2014.
[xxiv] Mmekọrịta Al Jazeera.com, "opi si Middle East Plan na a narị afọ nke okpu na-emekọ," 28 Jenụwarị 2020.
[xxv] Becky Anderson, “US sidelines Crown Prince ke recalibration na Saudi Arabia,” CNN, 17 February 2021
[xxvi] F. William Engdahl, Narị Afọ nke Agha: Anglo-American Mgbakọ Ọchịchị na New World Order, 2011.
[xxvii] Nick Turse, "ndị agha US kwuru na ha nwere 'akara ukwu ọkụ n'Africa: Akwụkwọ ndị a na-egosi ọtụtụ ntanetị nke ntọala.' Ntinye, 1 Disemba 2018.
[xxviii] “Shouldwa Kwesịrị Inabata Cryptocurrencies?” Al Jazeera: N'ime Akụkọ, 12 February 2021.
