Ozugbo ụgbọ elu Force…

Site n’aka Pat Elder, Ọktoba 21, 2019

Mgbapụta ọnya na Norton Air Force Base na San Bernardino, California na-eyi egwu ahụike 35 afọ mmadụ mgbe emechiri ntọala ahụ.

Norton Air Force Base bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ elu na-ebu ibu, ihe dị ka nnukwu ụlọ ahịa Amazon iji gbochie ngwa agha dị gburugburu ụwa. Mgbe emechiri ntọala ahụ na 1994, ndị agha ikuku maara otú ihe ndị gbara gburugburu gburugburu si emebi, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ mmadụ ole na ole na-eche otú ahụ. Norton malitere na 1940 dị ka ebe ndị agha ọdụ ụgbọ elu. Afọ 79 gachara, ntọala ahụ hapụrụ ihe nketa nke ala metọrọ emetụ, mmiri dị n’ime ala, na mmiri.

N’agha, ọgụ kacha egbu egbu nke ndị agha ikuku bụ Per- na Poly Fluoroalkyl, ma ọ bụ PFAS, jiri na ụfụfụ n’oge emume ọkụ. 

-ahụ AKWKWỌ AKW AKWỌ AKWINKWỌ AKW FORKWỌ AKW FORKWỌ AKW FORKWỌ AKWEOKWỌ AKWEOKWỌ AKWEOKWỌ AKWAMKWỌ AKWAMKWỌ AKW?, August 2018. Aerostar SES LLC nyochara saịtị ahụ maka Forcelọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọdụ ụgbọelu nke Air Force. Nnyocha ahụ malitere iji chọpụta mgbatị nke PFOA, PFOS, ma ọ bụ mkpokọta ma mmiri mmiri na ala. Ebubo nyocha ahụ na ịchọpụta ụzọ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ mmadụ nwere ike isi nwee ike, yana ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, belata mmetụta ọ ga-enwe na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ.

Achọpụtara mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru ala mbụ na PFOS merụrụ ahụ na ọkwa 18.8 n'akụkụ kwa puku ijeri. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Harvard kwuru na 1 ppt nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ. Emere ihe atụ ndị ahụ n'okpuru ala - 229.48 ruo 249.4 ụkwụ n'okpuru ala ala. Nchọpụta nke carcinogens 249.4 ụkwụ ala na-egosi etu kemịkal si banye n'ime ọdọ mmiri miri emi kemgbe ha chere na ha malitere iji ya mee ihe na 1970. "Chemicals ebighi ebi" abanyela n'ime ụwa na ọnụego 5 kwa afọ. 

California guzobewo n’oge na-adịbeghị anya ọkwa ọkwa maka PFOS na 6.5 ppt na PFOA na 5.1 ppt maka mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ, nke pụtara na mmiri Norton dị ihe dị ka okpukpu atọ karịa ọkwa ahụ. Achọpụtara ala ahụ nwere microgram 5,990 kwa kilogram (μg / kg) nke PFOS, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị okpukpu ise karịa ogo EPA nke afọ ofufo nke 1,260 µg / kg.

Nnyocha saịtị ahụ nwere ngalaba nkọwa na nzaghachi ebe ndị na-achịkwa jụrụ Air Force maka nkọwa na ozi ndị ọzọ. Ndị agha na-ekwusi ike na "ụzọ ngosi mmiri mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ ezughi oke." N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ndị agha ikuku na-ekwu na enweghị ụzọ PFAS ga-esi nweta mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ. EPA kwuru na akaghi aka imechi nke a dabere na ozi nke ndi agha. 

Ndi EPA agwala ndi Force Force ka ha nyekwuo ndi ozo ihe banyere Mbughari nke AFFF site na ebe achoputara site na mgbe eweputara ha. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Forcegbọelu na-azọrọ na carcinogens agbagoro nanị kilomita 4, ebe ndị EPA na-ajụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ, na-egosi na ọ kwesịrị ịdị elu karịa. PAlọ ọrụ EPA na-arịọ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ikuku nke ụlọ na nke ọha na-erughị ihe dị ka 4 kilomita nke ntọala mbụ ahụ.

Kasị njọ, ụgbọ elu ahụ egbochila ihe nyocha PFAS nwere ike ibibi na ala na mmiri mmiri na mpaghara isi mmalite sourcelọ 694 na Facility 2333. Ikuku Air hapụkwara mkparịta ụka banyere mgbapụta na usoro ọgwụgwọ eji arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ na Norton. Ọ bụ otu ihe dị mkpa omission n'ihi na usoro metụtara mbugharị nke AFFF tọhapụrụ. EPA gwara ndị agha ikuku ka ha nye ha ozi banyere ebe olulu mmịpụta metụtara mpaghara isi iyi nke AFFF, ogologo oge ha rụrụ ọrụ, otu esi emeso mmiri ahụ ma wepụta ya, wdg. 

Ihe ndị a niile dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta mmetụta na ahụike ọha na eze. Otu ụdị obfuscation ahụ na-eme na ọkwa niile nke nchịkwa nchịkwa, mana ebe a, ụgha ha na-emetụta ahụ ike anyị.

N'okpuru ebe a, ngalaba nke transcript n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na California na Air Force. Ọ na-enye nghọta banyere ọdịbendị nke ofufe. Gụọ nkwupụta nke Stephen Niou, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ahụ Na-egbu egbu (DTSC) na Patricia Hannon nke Santa Ana Regional Water Control Board. Mgbe ahụ, gụọ nzaghachi ndị sitere na ụgbọ elu.

Ndị agha ụgbọ elu na-atọgbọ iwu ahụ, “Ntinye uche nke PFOS nwere ike ibute ahụike mmadụ. Agbanyeghị, na enweghị usoro iwu gọọmentị etiti ma ọ bụ nke steeti na-akwado iwu, akwadoghị ịme ihe ọzọ ruo mgbe etolite ma kwusaa ụkpụrụ ndị a. N'ihi na ihe egwu dị na ahụ ike mmadụ site na PFAS na ala anaghị aghọtacha nke ọma na enweghị ụkpụrụ ebuputara, enweghị nkwado mgbochi ugbu a. ” 

Ndị agha ikuku tụkwasịrị EPA na Congress iwepụ ntaramahụhụ ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-emebi ọha na eze. Ọrụ EPA na ọkwa mpaghara, dị ka egosiri ebe a, bụ ihe kwesịrị ịja mma, mana ọjụjụ ọ jụrụ, na ọkwa gọọmentị, iji setịpụ oke mmetọ kachasị maka kemịkalụ PFAS niile bụ mmebi.

Ihe ochie Norton AFB dị na akuku aka nri elu nke eserese a. Osimiri Santa Ana na-asọ site na isi gaa Corona. Rịba ama mgbape na agụpụta mmiri dị na nso Corona na ala / etiti maapụ. Mpaghara a nwere isi mmalite abụọ amaara ama iji merụọ gburugburu ebe obibi na PFAS: ndị US Air Force na ụlọ ọrụ 3M, nke dị na Corona. 3M na Air Force anọwo na nzuzo na-egbu ndị American ọha - na-agha ụgha banyere ya maka ọgbọ abụọ.

Addendum

PFAS mmerụ nke mpaghara Santa Ana site na Norton Air Force Base bụ naanị akụkụ dị nta nke mmetọ metụtara saịtị ahụ. Chemicalsfọdụ n’ime kemịkal ndị na-egbu egbu dị ka ọ dị n’ime ala, mmiri dị n’ime ala, mmiri dị n’elu mmiri, na ikuku dị n’obodo Norton. The Air Force elezighị anya na nlekọta ya nke ala. 

Ndị a Achọpụtara kemịkal na-egbu egbu na ebe gara aga Norton Air Force base. Lee Agency maka ihe nsi na ihe ndekọ ọrịa Profaili Toxicological maka ozi gbasara mmetọ ọ bụla. Chemicals ndị a na-abanyekarị n'ime ahụ anyị iji kpatara kansa, ọrịa, na ọnwụ:  

1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE, 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2- DICHLOROBENZENE, 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE, 1,2-DICHLOROETHENE (CIS NA TRANS) MIXTURE), 1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE, ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, BENZENE, BENZO (B) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO (K) FLUORANTHENE, BENZO [A] ANTHRACENE, BENZO [A] PYRENE, BERYLLIUM, CADMIUM, CHLORDANE, LBIOR CH LBLR AND FURANS, CHLOROBENZENE, CHLOROETHENE (VINYL CHLORIDE), CHLOROETHENE (VINYL) CHLORIDE), CHROMIUM, CHRYSENE, CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, KỌPERR,, CYANIDE, DICHLOROBENZENE (MIXED ISOMERS), ETHYLBENZENE, INDENO (1,2,3-CD) PYRENE, LEAD, MERCURY NAKATHALENE, NICKEL, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBs), HYDROCARBONS POLYCL. (PAHS), RADIUM-226, SELENIUM SILVER, TETRACHLOROETHENE, THALLIUM, TOLUENE, TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE, TRICHLOROETHENE, XYLENE (MIXED ISOMERS), ZINC.