site na Joseph Essertier, February 23, 2018
si CounterPunch.
"Ime ka North Korea bụrụ ihe iyi egwu na-adịgide adịgide enyerela Minista Minista Japan bụ Shinzo Abe na ndị ọrụ ọchịchị nke mba ndị ọzọ na-eme ka mba ha dị n'otu. Na nso nso a ka enwere esemokwu n'etiti Washington na Pyongyang na-enyere aka kwadoro na iwu ndị ọchịchị Prime Minister Shinzo Abe dị mma maka Japan, na-eche na ndị obodo ahụ lekwasịrị anya na onye iro ọzọ. "Ana m ekweta na ezuola m ọtụtụ n'ime okwu ahụ na ahịrịokwu abụọ gara aga site na CNN . Naanị ihe m ga - eme bụ ịgbanwe otu ndị na - eme ihe nkiri.
N'okpuru ebe a, m kwuru ihe ise mere Abe na ndị òtù ya ji kpọọ ndị Olympic asị na ha na-atụ anya ịlaghachi "nrụgide kachasị elu" (ya bụ, igbochi udo n'etiti North na South Korea site na mgbukpọ ndị gburu mmadụ, egwu egwu nke abụọ na Korea Peninsula, wdg)
Ebube 1 / Family
Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị Japan, bụ Prime Minista na Japan, na Minista na-elekọta 2020 Tokyo Olympics na Paralympic Games, nwere ndị nna ochie bụ ndị na-abara uru nke alaeze ukwu Japan, ha chọkwara iweghachite "nsọpụrụ" nke ndị nna ochie ahụ, ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ, gbuo, ma na-emejọ ndị Korea, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Shinzo Abe, bụ praịm minista ugbu a, bụ nwa nwa Kishi Nobusuke, onye omekome na-agba agha nke A na-agbapụghị ọnwụ ọnwụ. Kishi bụ onye na-echebe Hideki Tojo. Njikọ dị n'etiti ndị abụọ a laghachiri na 1931 na nchịkwa ha nke colonialist na ndị mmadụ na Manchuria, gụnyere ọrụ mmanye nke ndị Kore na ndị China, n'ihi onwe ha nakwa maka Alaeze Ukwu Japan. Usoro ohu nke Kishi guzobere ebe ahụ meghere ụzọ maka ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ nke ndị inyom si Japan, Korea, China, na mba ndị ọzọ.
Taro Aso, onye na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi gọọmenti na onye ọrụ ego, na-ejikọkwa ya na Kishi Nobusuke, nwere njikọ n'ebe obibi Imperial ahụ site na alụmdi na nwunye nwanne ya na nwa nwanne Emperor, ọ bụkwa onye nwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-egwupụta akụ nke e wuru ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu site n'iji ndị Korea amanye ọrụ n'oge Agha ahụ. Nwanne nwanne nwanne Suzuki Shun'ichi, bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ndị na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri na ndị na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Minista na Ngwá Olympic nke 2020 na Tokyo. Ọtụtụ ndị Koreans, North na South, maara nke ọma njikọ dị otú ahụ n'etiti ndị ọkachamara nke oge a na ndị ụkọchukwu nke ụnyaahụ, ya bụ, ndị na-ata ndị nna ha ahụhụ. Onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Korea, bụ Bruce Cumings, na-akọwa ntụgharị ọnụ na ebe Pyongyang na-enwe "ụkọchukwu" na-enweta "Tokyo na-enweta" nchịkwa onye kwuo uche ya. "
2 / Denialism, Historical Revisionism
Ọtụtụ ndị na-eje ozi na cabinet nke Abe bụ ndị "Nippon Kaigi" (Council of Japan). Ndị a gụnyere Abe, Aso, Suzuki, Gọvanọ nke Tokyo (onye bụbu onye nnọchiteanya nke agbachitere) Yuriko Koike, Minista Ahụike, Labour, na Enyemaka na Minista nke Ọchịchị maka Ihe Mgbapụta Katsunobu Kato, Minista na-ahụ maka Nchebe Ya Onunori Onodera, na Secretary Secretary Secretary Yoshihide Suga. Nke a bụ nzukọ na-akwado ego na-akwado nke ọma site n'aka ndị agbata obi, bụ ndị nwere nzube ya iji kpochapụ "echiche Tokyo nke Ụlọikpe na-ahụ maka akụkọ ihe mere eme" ma wepụ 9 nke 1910 site n'usoro ochichi pụrụ iche nke Japan nke na-akwalite udo nke mba site n'ịjụ "agha dịka ikike nke mba ahụ na egwu ma ọ bụ iji ike dị ka ihe edozi esemokwu mba. "Nippon Kaigi na-ekwu na agbakwunyere nke Korea na XNUMX bụ iwu.
Taro Aso bụ otu ụdị nke oghere, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-egbuke egbuke dị ka ụda, na-awakpo ndị na-adịghị ike. O kwuru na Hitler nwere "ebumnobi ziri ezi" nakwa na "otu ụbọchị ọchịchị Weimar gbanwere n'usoro iwu ndị Nazi n'enweghị onye ọ bụla na-ahụ ya, gịnị mere na anyị anaghị amụta ụdị aghụghọ ahụ?"
N'afọ gara aga, Koike Yuriko wakporo ndị Korean na Japan site n'ụdị ime ihe atụ. Ọ hapụrụ ọdịnala dị ogologo nke izipụ ihe omume na ememe a na-eme kwa afọ iji cheta mgbuchapụ nke ndị Korea nke e mere n'azụ nke Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923. Mgbe Earthquake gasịrị, akụkọ ụgha na-agbasa n'ime obodo Tokyo na ndị Korea nọ na-egbu mmiri, ndị na-ahụ maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gburu ọtụtụ puku ndị Korea. N'ikpeazụ, e meela ememe maka ọtụtụ iri afọ na-eru újú maka ndị aka ha dị ọcha, ma site n'ịgbalị ịkwụsị ọdịnala nke ịmara ahụhụ ndị Korean na-ata-ụdị mgbaghara na ụzọ maka ndị mmadụ na-amụta site na mmejọ nke oge gara aga-ọ , kwa, nweta ikike site n'aka ndi mmadu. Ndị na-eme ihe ike na-enweta ike site na "iyi egwu" na North Korea.
3 / Na-akwalite Nhazigharị nke Japan
Japan nwere usoro udo nke udo na nke ahụ na-eme ka e nwee ike ịmepụta ígwè agha nke nwere ike imenye mba ndị ọzọ ụjọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ego nchekwa nchekwa Japan bụ "naanị" dị ntakịrị karịa South Korea, ma ọ bụ "naanị" nọmba 8 na ụwa maka "ịkwụ ụgwọ" ego. Abe na-atụ anya ime ka ndị agha Japan bụrụ ndị ka dị ike, mba ahụ na-agbakwa jijiji karị, na-eweghachi ya n'ebube otuto, ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'obi ya, nke 1930s.
Ma South Korea ma Japan na-eduzi egwuregwu ọ bụla agha (nke a na-akpọ "ọrụ agha ndị agha") na US. Abe, dị ka ụda, chọrọ ịmaliteghachi egwuregwu ndị a ozugbo o kwere mee mgbe Olympic. Egwuregwu ndị a na-alụ "North Climbing", ijikọta agha nke Japan, US, na Australia ka a na-eme ugbu a na Guam, na-agba ọsọ site na 14 February ruo 2 March. The "Iron Fist" egwuregwu egwuregwu nke US na Japan na Southern California, nanị kwubiri na 7 February. Ụfọdụ n'ime egwuregwu ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa bụ ndị nke United States "South Resolve Foal Eagle". N'afọ gara aga egwuregwu ndị a gụnyere 300,000 South Korea na 15,000 US agha, ndị òtù SEAL isii na-egbu Osama Bin Laden, B-1B na B-52 nuklia bọmbụ, ụgbọ elu ụgbọelu, na ụgbọ agha nuklia. Aghachitere ha maka Ememme Olympic ma ọ ga-abụ na-amaliteghachi n'April, ọ gwụla ma President Moon nke South Korea kwụsịrị ma ọ bụ weghachite ha ọzọ.
Ọ bụrụ na mba South Korea bụ mba na-achị achị, President Moon nwere ikike ịkwado nkwekọrịta "ghere oghe maka ifriizi", nke gọọmenti ya ga-echekwa ihe omume ndị ahụ na-emejọ n'ezie iji gbanwere mmepe ngwá agha nuklia.
Otu ụzọ Japan nwere ike isi zụlite "ogo" ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụwa ga-abụ site n'inweta ngwá agha nuklia. Ọ bụrụ na North Korea nwere ha, gịnị mere Japan? Henry Kissinger kwuru n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, sị, "Otu mba dị na North Korea abụghị ihe iyi egwu dị otú ahụ ..." ma ugbu a, na North Korea na-achọ ịchọrọ ndị nukes, South Korea na Japan. Na na bụ nsogbu, ọbụna maka edemede mbụ nke imperialist Kissinger.
Ụda onwe ya na-eme ka ụkọ nri nke Japan na South Korea maka ogwe aka ndị a na-akpasu iwe. N'ajụjụ ọnụ Chris Wallace nke Fox News, o kwuru, sị, "Ma eleghị anya ha [Japan] ga-aka mma ma ọ bụrụ na ha agbachitere onwe ha site na North Korea. "(Akwụkwọ edemede ndị edemede). Chris Wallace jụrụ, sị, "Na nukes?" Ụda: "Tinyere nukes, ee, tinyere nukes." Jake Tapper nke CNN mesịrị kwado mkparịta ụka a. Na na 26 March 2016 na New York Times kọrọ na nwa akwukwo ahụ na-ahụ maka ikpe ahụ bụ, "na-emeghe ka ikwe ka Japan na South Korea rụpụta ngwá agha nuklia nke onwe ha kama ịdabere na ndị nche nuklia nke America maka nchekwa ha megide North Korea na China."
Enweghị ike na-enweghị ike n'ụwa dị nso karịa ikike nuklia karịa Japan. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme nnyocha kweere na ọ ga-ewe ọnwa Tokyo nanị iji mepụta nukes. Na ọgba aghara na-esote, o yiri ka South Korea na Taiwan ga-agbaso, ma ọ dịkarịa ala Taiwan na-enweta enyemaka dị jụụ na Japan. Gọvanọ Koike kwukwara na 2003 na ọ ga-anabata ya ka mba ya nwee ngwá agha nuklia.
4 / Na-emeri ntuli aka
Udo dị na Korea ga-adị njọ nke ukwuu maka ndị Japan na-esote mba dị ka Abe na Aso, dị ka "egwu" nke na-eme ka ha nwee ike ga-ewepụ ya. Ụbọchị n'onwe ya kwetara na LDP meriri ngọọgụ Nọọmenti ikpeazụ ahụ n'ihi nhụsịrị egwu nke North Korea, tupu a manye ya ka ọ gbanwee ire ahụ. Ndi ochichi nke Abe nọ na-acho site n'umu Abe nke ruru unyi maka ulo akwukwo di iche iche na-achikota umuaka n'ekpochapu ndi mmadu, ma elebara anya na ndi mmadu ndi ochichi choro nchebe na ihe omuma. bụ onye Liberal Democratic Party. Ala nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ eresị maka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ asaa nke uru ahụ, n'ihi ya, nrụrụ aka doro anya, mana ọ bụ maka egwu "mba ọzọ" nke na o nwere ike ijidesi ike, n'adịghị ka President Korea nke South Korea Park-Geun- hye, bụ onye na-adịghị mma.
O mere ka otutu mmadu kwenye na ndi agha Korea North Korea nwere ike iburu Sarin, ihe nke meworo ka otutu ndi mmadu ghara inwe ike kemgbe ndi ozo nke Aum Shinrikyo jiri ya gbuo mmadu iri na abuo na uzo di na Tokyo na 1995, na otu n'ime ihe egwu kachasị njọ n'ime otu n'ime mba ndị kasị dịrị nchebe n'ụwa. Tụkwasị na nke a, usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị "J-Alert" Japan na-adụ ọdụ ọtụtụ nde mmadụ nọ n'ebe ugwu Japan ịchọta ebe obibi ọ bụla mgbe North Korea na-anwale ngwa agha nke nwere ike ịbịaru Japan-iwe iwe maka ndị anyị bi na Japan kama ọ bụ ụgha na mgbasa ozi efu maka ndị na-emepụta ihe. dị ka Abe.
5 / Shh ... Ekwula onye ọ bụla na ụwa ọzọ ga-ekwe omume
N'ikpeazụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ, enwere egwu dị ukwuu na mmepe onwe onye na Northeast Asia, nchegbu maka Washington ma maka Tokyo, nke dabere na usoro Washington. China emepebeghi n'èzí n'igwe nke United States ejiri jisie ike na United States, North Korea emepewo ihe kariri kpamkpam n'èzí ya, ma ugbu a, President Moon na-aga n'ihu n'ihu ọhụụ ọhụụ ya, nke ga-eme ka South Korea dabere na US. Ọhụụ ọhụụ a na-ezo aka na okwu "New Southern Policy" na "New Northern Policy." Nke mbụ ga-enwe South Korea na-eme ka mmekọrịta mụ na Indonesia dịkwuo ná mma, obodo nke nwere ezi mmekọrịta na North Korea, ebe nke a ga-emeghekwuo ahia na Russia na China, nakwa North Korea. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu atụmatụ bụ maka akụrụngwa ọhụrụ iji jikọta South Korea na Russia site na mpaghara North Korea, iji gbanwere mgbapụta nke ngwá agha nuklia North Korea. Enwekwara mkparita uka ndi ozo iji tinye aka na onodu aku na uba South Korea tinyere ndi agbata obi ya ndi ozo China, Japan, na Mongolia. N'akuku Economic Forum nke dị na Vladivostok, Russia, na 7 September 2017, Ọnwa kọwara ọnwa Ọnwa-Putin dịka "aturu itoolu nke imekorita": Gas, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ọkụ eletrik, ụzọ ugwu nke oké osimiri, ime ụgbọ mmiri, ọrụ, ugbo, na azụ.
Usoro iwu akụ na ụba nke ndị ụkọchukwu nke oge gara aga ma ọ bụ ugbu a na-ekwu na China, North Korea, na Russia nakwa dịka ọhụụ nke mba dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia nke Ọnwa nwere ike ịhụ ga-eme ka njedebe nke Open Door Policy, ya bụ, ihe efu efu nke America, anyaukwu na iche iche nwere ike weghachite okwu nke Occupy Movement "otu percent." Paul Atwood akọwa na ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "Mepee emepe emeghe" ụbọchị ndị a, ọ ka "na-anọgide na-eduzi ụkpụrụ nduzi nke mba America nke mba ọzọ. Akwukwo ndi ozo n'uwa dum bu uzo banyere oke ahia nke ndi China.
Atwood na-akọwa ya dịka nkwupụta ahụ bụ na "ego ndị America na ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị inwe ikike ịbanye n'ọma ahịa nke mba na ókèala nile na ịnweta ihe onwunwe ha na ịrụ ọrụ ego dị ọnụ ala na ndị American, mgbe ụfọdụ site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mgbe ụfọdụ site na ime ihe ike."
Ọganihu nke aku na uba nke aku na Northeast Asia agaghị emerụ ọrụ ndị America, ma ọ nwere ike igbochi ụlọ ọrụ ndị America na-eji ndị ọrụ na akụ na ụba nke nnukwu akụkụ nke East Asia, ebe ụwa nwere akụnụba dị ukwuu-na-emepụta ihe. Ọ ga-erite uru na akụ na ụba nke Russia, ala nke na-asọmpi na US na nke ahụ na-ekwupụta na ya na-ekwu ọtụtụ ugboro.
Site na nlekọta nke Washington, anyị enwetabeghị agha Korea. A pụghị ịhụ North Korea na ọ ga-ahapụ onwe ya na mmepe onwe ya na ịghọ nnukwu ike nuklia. Ọ na-ebute ihe ọjọọ, ya bụ, "iyi egwu" nke ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ na-agbaso nzọụkwụ ya, ịmepụta mmepụta ihe na nnwere onwe zuru oke. Nke a bụ ihe "Don" nke Bully State nọ n'ógbè ahụ agaghị ekwe. North Korea enweela ihe ịga nke ọma mepụtara na mpụga usoro nchịkwa ụwa jupụtara na United States, na enyemaka ndị gara aga nke ndị mmadụ Republic of China na mbụ USSR, mgbe ha bụ "ndị gọọmenti". (Okwu a bụ "onye nta kọmitii" bụ mgbe a na-ede akwụkwọ na-ekwu maka mmepe onwe onye). Na North Korea anọwo onwe ya na US, na ahịa ndị na-adịghị emeghe ndị ụlọ ọrụ America, maka afọ 70 ugbu a. Ọ nọgidere bụrụ ogwu dị n'akụkụ Washington. Dịka Don, ma US Don chọrọ "ịtụkwasị obi," ma ọdịdị nke North Korea na-emebi nke ahụ.
Ihe ise dị n'elu ga - enyere aka ịkọwa ihe mere ụwa chọrọ ka ya bụrụ onye isi oche Mike Pence, na - enyere ya aka "mmiri ozuzo" n'udo na Korea. Hyun Lee, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Zoom Na Korea, kwuru na otu akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya na nsogbu ndị Abe na oge Olympic oyi na Pyeongchang gụnyere itinye aka na-echegbu onwe ha banyere mwakpo nke North Korea site na-achọ ka a nyochaa ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala; na-agbanyeghachi ọchịchọ ya ozugbo iji maliteghachi "United States" na United States na South Korea, n'agbanyeghị Mkpụrụ Egwuregwu Olympic na-abaghị uru; ma na-achọkwa ọzọ na "nkasi obi ụmụ nwanyị", nke ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ, iji kụziere ndị mmadụ banyere ịzụ ahịa ịlụ agha, wepụrụ. (http://www.zoominkorea.org/from-pyeongchang-to-lasting-peace/)
Ịlaghachi na egwuregwu egwuregwu
South Korea bụ mba ndị isi nke ọnwa, ọ bụghị Trump's. Ma dịka ụfọdụ ndị na-ekiri ihe si kwuo, Seoul adịghị anọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ ala. Seoul "enweghị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị ije ozi dika onye ogbugbo" n'etiti Washington na gọọmenti North Korea ọ bụrụgodị na South Korea "anọghị na oche ọkwọ ụgbọala," ka Koo Kab-woo, prọfesọ na Mahadum North Korean Studies, bụ onye kwukwara na "nke a abụghị ajụjụ dị mfe."
"Ọ dị anyị mkpa ịmalite iche na South na North Korea nwere ike ime ka ndị mbụ na-ebute okwu North Korea-US," ka Kim Yeon-cheol, prọfesọ na Mahadum Inje.
"Lee ihe kachasị mkpa," dị ka Lee Jae-joung si kwuo, onye nlekọta nke Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education bụ na "South na North dị n'etiti udo na Korea Peninsula." Ọ na-akpọ ọnọdụ dị ugbu a "oge ohere ọlaedo maka Peninsula Korea. "
Ee, oge a bụ n'ezie ọlaedo. Ma ọ bụrụ na agha nuklia ma ọ bụ ụdị agha ọ bụla na-amalite na Korea Peninsula na 2019, Pyeongchang Olympics nke 2018 ga-apụta na ị hụkwuo ọlaedo, ohere efu maka ndị Korea na mbụ, kamakwa maka ndị Japan na ndị America, ikekwe ọbụna Ndị Russia, ndị China, na ndị ọzọ sitere na UN Command na-ekwu, dị ka ndị Australia, bụ ndị nwere ike ịmaliteghachi ịlụ ọgụ. Ma na ebe agha iri ise na United States na ala South Korea, nhọrọ nke ọnwa nwere ike ịdị oke. N'ezie, nke ahụ bụ kpọmkwem ihe mere Washington ji nwee ebe dị iche iche. Ebumnuche bụ "ịgbachitere ndị enyi anyị kamakwa ịmebi ihe ha na-ahọrọ-njide na-ejide ya n'ahụ," - okwu na-awụ akpata oyi site na Cumings, kama nyochaa ọnọdụ nke South Korea chọtara n'onwe ya. A na ekwu na igbochi mwakpo site na North bụ ihe kpatara ntọala ndị dị na South Korea, mana agha ndị South Korea dị ike ugbu a. Ha adịghị anyị mkpa.
Ọnwa nwere ike ịlaghachi obodo ya? August 15th nke afọ a ga-ede akara 70 afọ ebe ọ bụ na Alaeze Korea nke Japan napụtara ikike nke Korea, mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ ndị ahụ nile na South Korea bụ mba dị iche iche nke United States, dị ka mbido Japan. Ndị Korea nọ n'ebe ndịda ka nọ n'okpuru ọchịchị mba ọzọ. Ugwu North-South "na-agbaji okpukpu abụọ" (ya bụ, nzere nuklia nke dị na North na nzere na egwuregwu ndị agha na South) ka nọ na tebụl. Ọ bụrụ na ọnwa kwadoro mmemme ahụ, US agaghị enwe ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị iji kwado ya. N'ezie, Washington ga-ata ahụhụ Seoul maka nnupụisi dị otú a, ma anyị niile-ndị South Korea, ndị Japan, na ndị ọzọ-ga-enyocha ihe kpatara ya, na nkwụsị nke Beijing, usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere ike ịdị na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ememe na-adịghị mma na inwekwu nha anya n'etiti ndị isi na Northeast Asia na-eche n'echiche.
South Korea na Japan bụ ma ndị United States ma ọ bụ "ndị ọkachamara," ya mere ọnọdụ atọ ahụ na-agagharị na igwe. Seoul na-edo onwe ya n'okpuru Washington bụ na ha kwenyela ịghachị ndị agha ha na US na agha. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, otu n'ime ndị agha kachasị ike n'ụwa ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị isi obodo mba ọzọ. N'oge agha ikpeazụ a na-ahụ na Korea Peninsula, ikike mba ọzọ mere omume ọjọọ, na-ekwu nke kachasị nta.
N'okwu Washington, Seoul zipụrụ ndị agha ka ha lụọ agha n'America n'oge Agha Vietnam na Agha Iraq, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nrubeisi na-eguzosi ike n'ihe. Ndi United States abughi onye isi ahia nke mba South Korea ruo ihe kariri otu narị afo, nke ahu abughi isi ihe di mkpa nke ntinye ego, "na-egbochi" nhoro ha.
N'ikpeazụ, ndị agha nke United States, South Korea, na Japan na-eme ihe dịka otu nnukwu ndị agha, ndị agha dị n'otu, na-ebute mkparị na obi ọjọọ nke North Korea. N'ime obodo atọ, South Korea kachasị ka ọ ga-efunahụ agha ma nwee ike inwe mmegharị anya nke onye kwuo uche ya, ya mere na ọ bụ ihe kachasị mma ka ya na North kwurịta okwu, ma Washington "na-ejide ya na njide."
Ndị America kwesịrị icheta ugbu a na mgbochi ahụ tupu mba anyị abata na Iraq, ma ọ bụ ebube ndị ọzọ gara aga na United States, dị ka mmegide siri ike megide agha Vietnam. Ka anyị mee ya ọzọ. Ka anyị gbochie Washington site n'igbu ụgbụ na mmegharị ya, ọbụnadị na-achọ ka mgbatị nke egwuregwu Olympic. Ndụ anyị dabeere na ya.
Ihe edeturu.
Bruce Cumings, Agha Korea: A History (Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Modern, 2010) na North Korea: Obodo ọzọ (The New Press, 2003).
Ọtụtụ ekele Stephen Brivati maka nkwupụta, aro, na nhazi.
