Militbawanye ikike agha nke High North na mpaghara Baltic

Site n'aka Agneta Norberg, World BEYOND War, September 20, 2020

Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, karịsịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe agha, na-agbasi mbọ ike maka ịgbasa na ịgbatị ọrụ NATO. Nkwenye ha na-enweghị atụ maka uru ha nwere bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'oge ememe ncheta afọ 50 nke NATO nke ghọrọ "ohere ịzụ ahịa kachasị." Kọmitii nnabata ahụ gụnyere ndị isi ọrụ Ameritech, Daimler, Chrysler, Boeing, Ford Motor, General Motors, Honeywell, Lucent Technologies, Motorola, SBC Communications, TRW na United Teknụzụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka ịgbasawanye NATO.

North na NATO.

Thorvald Stoltenberg bụbu onye minista na-ahụ maka mba ofesi na Norway. Ọ bụ nna Jens Stoltenberg, odeakwụkwọ ukwu na NATO taa. Thorvald Stoltenberg chepụtara akụkọ na 2009, Nordic Cooperation on Foreign and Security Policy. Atụmatụ ndị o webatara n’akụkọ a ka e wepụtara n’ọgbakọ pụrụ iche nke ndị ozi mba ofesi Nordic, na Oslo, February 9, 2009.

Afọ ole na ole mgbe ngosipụta nke akụkọ Thorvald Stoltenber gasịrị, ihe malitere ngwa ngwa iji kwado ime otu Nordic maka atụmatụ agha NATO. Onye isi ala Britain mgbe ahụ, David Cameron, kpọrọ oku ka ọ bịa na ndị praịm minista London niile sitere na mba Nordic, na Jenụwarị, 2011. Ha si Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland, na Estonia, Latvia, na Lithuania bịarutekwa. so na nzụkọ Nordic/Baltic mbụ na London iji mee ka “njikọta nke ọdịmma ọha mmadụ” sie ike. Isiokwu ndị a maka nzụkọ a bụ ndụmọdụ ndị e depụtara na akụkọ Thorvald Stoltenber.

Mgbe e gosipụtara akụkọ a, kwurịtara ma nakweere, North dum amalitela, kwa afọ, n'ime ebe ọzụzụ maka ndị agha NATO na ngwá agha ọhụrụ na Scandinavia dum na na Baltic states na Eastern Sea. Edemede na-esonụ bụ ihe ngosi ka mba Nordic siri zụlite ka ọ bụrụ oghere mmalite maka agha US / NATO na Russia.

Sweden

Ịkọwa mmepe ndị agha na Sweden, bụbu mba na-anọpụ iche na nke enweghị nkwekọrịta, bụ ihe na-akụda mmụọ ma na-atụ egwu. N'ime afọ iri gara aga nke a kama udo obodo ghọọ a nnukwu wartraining ebe na North nakwa dị ka na South nke Sweden. Otu ihe atụ bụ iguzobe NEAT-North European Aerospace Testrange, nke dị ka Belgium n'ogo, na mpaghara Norrbotten, nke mba NATO ji zụọ ma zụlite ngwa agha, ngwa agha, na ụgbọ elu. Mpaghara NEAT bụ n'ezie nnukwu ebe nnwale abụọ jikọtara ọnụ nke na-eme ka ọ buru ibu ma dịkwa mma maka ịnwale na imepụta sistemu roboti na ngwa ọgụ dị iche iche. Iji mezuo nke a, e nwere mkpebi na 2004, na nzuko omeiwu Sweden, ikwe ka NEAT goro ndị agha na ndị na-emepụta ngwá agha si mba ọzọ maka nzube ndị a. Akpọrọ akwụkwọ n'okpuru mkpebi a "Snow, Darkness, and Cold" nke Social Democrats Leif Leifland chepụtara ya.

Ọtụtụ ule na ọzụzụ nke usoro ngwa agha, kemgbe ahụ, ekwela ka ọ mee. Dịka ọmụmaatụ nnwale nke drone, NEURON, ọrụ nkịtị n'etiti SaabAero nke Sweden na French Dassault Aviation, yana ụlọ ọrụ dị na Switzerland, Spain, Greece na Italy. Ihe atụ ọzọ bụ ngwa agha ogologo US, AMRAAM, nke bụ rọketi jikọtara oghere. AMRAAM dị mkpụmkpụ maka "Elu elu Ọkara-Range ikuku-na-ikuku-agha". Ngwa ọgụ a bụ otu n'ime ngwa agha ikuku na ikuku nke kachasị ọgbara ọhụrụ, dị ike na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa niile, zụta ma jiri ya na mba 35. Sistemu radar na-eduzi ngwa agha a ma nwee ike ịchọta ebumnuche ya karịrị oke anya n'oge ọnọdụ ihu igwe niile, ehihie na abalị. A na-azụta ma na-eji AMRAAM n'etiti mba ndị ọzọ: Kuwait, Israel, South Korea, na Sweden, bụ ndị jikwa rọketi a kwadebere nku agha ya, SAAB-39-Gripen.

Mpaghara a buru ibu, NEAT, aghọwo ihe a ma ama maka nkwadebe agha NATO: US, Britain, France, Greece, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ na-anwale. ngwá agha ha n'ebe ahụ ma na-eme ihe omume agha na egwuregwu agha NATO. Ndị agha Sweden na-ekwu na nke a bụ ebe a na-adịghị ebi na nke dị mma maka ule na mmega ahụ. Ndị Samic ekwetaghị ma mee ngagharị iwe n'olu dara ụda.

Ihe atụ nke nnukwu mmega ahụ US/NATO nke mba ụwa bụ nzaghachi oyi, nke a na-eme kwa afọ nke abụọ, na ndị agha 16,300 NATO na 2012, na ndị agha 16,000 NATO na 2014, na-esote mgbatị kwa afọ nke abụọ na ihe dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha. Ndị nkịtị agaraghị ama maka nnukwu mmega ahụ ndị a ma ọ bụrụ na ihe mberede emeghị ka nke a pụta ìhè na 2012, mgbe ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu gbagoro n'ugwu Kebnekaise na ndị ọrụ nke ndị ntorobịa Norvegian ise nwụrụ. June 2, 2015, hụrụ egwuregwu agha ọzọ, Arctic Challenge Exercise, nnukwu mmega ahụ nke agha, na mpaghara Västerbotten na Norrbotten. Lulea Airfield, Kalax, bụ etiti, nwere ụgbọ elu agha 115 sitere na mba 13. N'oge mmega ahụ 95 airwings nọ n'ikuku n'otu oge ma kpuchie mpaghara buru ibu dịka Germany dum. Luleå/ Kalax, ga-, eleghị anya, bụrụ US/Nato Northern Military Center, mgbe na ọ bụrụ na Sweden sonyere Nato. N'ime egwuregwu agha a, ejiri AWACS abụọ mee ihe. AWACS dị mkpụmkpụ maka ọdụ ịdọ aka ná ntị na njikwa ikuku, nke na-enye Alliance ahụ "iwu ikuku na-adịghị adị na njikwa ikuku na onyunyo mmiri na ikike njikwa agha." US/NATO Air Base na Geilenkirchen, Germany, bụ ebe obibi nke 17 AWACS.

Ma enwere mmegide megide mmega ahụ dị ize ndụ: Mgbe ACE a na-achọ ibido, otu ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị Sweden gbuturu ngere ahụ n'ogige ikuku wee banye n'ime ma jiri ọkọlọtọ na-agụ: “OZU!” Ndị uwe ojii ndị agha jidere ha ma kpụga ha n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. A gbara ha ajụjụ na ebubo ma tinye ha n'ihu ụlọ ikpe dị na Luleå, ma kwụọ ụgwọ.

Norway na Denmark

Norway sonyeere NATO na 1949, nanị afọ anọ ka Soviet Union nyeere Norway aka ịchụpụ ndị agha Nazi n'ebe ugwu Norway. Egburu ọtụtụ puku ndị agha. Soviet Union ghọrọ ndị na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu n'etiti ndị Norway na North Norway. Enwere mmetụta ndị ọzọ gbasara Soviet Union na South, ọbụlagodi n'etiti ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị agha Norwegian. Ndị ike siri ike emeworị atụmatụ maka ọdịnihu maka Norway. Ụfọdụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị abụrụla ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na London ma tupu agha ahụ akwụsị, ha mere atụmatụ maka ọdịnihu nke Norway. Arbeiderpartiet (Labour Party) nọ n'ọchịchị yana ọtụtụ n'ime ndị omeiwu. Tryggve Lie, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, bụ ike na-akpata atụmatụ nzuzo ịdọrọ Norway na NATO. US emebelarị atụmatụ maka ime Norway ka ọ bụrụ ókèala US nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Soviet Union. A họpụtara Tryggve Lie ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke mbụ nke United Nations.

US mere atụmatụ maka ịgbachi na idobe ndị Soviet n'ime ya, wee malite agha ntụte megide obodo agha tisasịrị. Norway ghọrọ ihe dị ezigbo mkpa na atụmatụ ndị a n'ihi na mba ahụ nọ n'akụkụ onye iro ọhụrụ, Soviet Union. Edebere Norway ka ọ bụrụ isi mmiri na ikpo okwu maka atụmatụ US. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe WWll kwụsịrị, ndị isi ndị agha US na-eme njem na Norway ma na-achọ ka ndị ọrụ agha Norwegian dị elu gbanwee nzukọ nchebe na ntụziaka USmilitary tụrụ aro.

US enweghị mmasị na Denmark n'ime oge a. Ndị na-eme atụmatụ agha hụrụ Denmark dị ka ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa maka naanị otu ihe kpatara ya: ógbè Denmark bụ Greenland. A ga-eji nnukwu agwaetiti ahụ mee ihe dị ka ikpo okwu maka ndị na-atụ bọmbụ B-129 US iji mee ihe mgbochi megide Soviet Union. Mgbe e mesịrị na US degara ngwá agha nuklia na Thule isi na ugbu a, ebe ọ bụ na nuklia bombs na-wepụrụ, àgwàetiti a na-eji maka radar nrụnye na-eje ozi agha mkpa na-anabata mkpa radars maka US nke a na-akpọ Missile Defence. Na mgbakwunye, Denmark na Sweden ekwekọrịtala imechi Öresund dị warara n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ n'oge nsogbu na ịghara ikwe ka ụgbọ mmiri Russia na ụgbọ ala agha ndị ọzọ gafere.

Finland

Finland nwere oke 1.300 km na Russia. A ghaghị iburu eziokwu a n'uche mgbe ị na-atụle Finland na NATO. Na December, 2017, Finland mere ememe 100 afọ nke nnwere onwe site na Russia. Nke a mkpebi nnwere onwe bụ Vladimir Illich Lenin, onye ndú nke Soviet Union bịanyere aka na ya. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, Sweden anọwo na-achị Finland ruo narị afọ ise, ma mgbe agha na Russia gasịrị na 1808-09, Sweden kwụsịrị ịchị Finland. Mgbe WWll Finland na Soviet Union bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta enyi na imekọ ihe ọnụ. Ha kwetara ka ha ghara iyi egwu, wakpoo, ma ọ bụ kwe ka onye nke atọ gafere n'ókèala Finland wakpo ma ọ bụ yie Soviet Union egwu. Finland zụlitere nkà pụrụ iche na diplomacy na nnukwu onye agbata obi ya. "N'okwu gbasara agha na udo, anyị na-akwado udo mgbe niile na esemokwu mba ụwa, anyị na-agbalịsi ike ịrụ ọrụ dọkịta kama nke onye ikpe," ka onyeisi oche Kekkonen kwuru otu oge.

Mgbe Soviet Union daa, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Finland ji nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụ iwu udo nke mbụ. Na 1992 Finland zụtara US-mepụtara Hornet Warfighter, na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na ihu ọma nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na US Finland n'oge na-adịghị anya ghọrọ onye otu Partnership for Peace, NATO antechamber. Kemgbe ahụ Finland esonyela na ọrụ agha US / NATO niile na mmemme agha na North. Ụfọdụ ihe atụ bụ "Nordic Air Meet" na 2007, yana ọtụtụ mba NATO ndị ọzọ yana Sweden. Na 2009, Finland keere òkè na Loyal Arrow, mmega ahụ agha kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ruo ugbu a. Egwuregwu agha a bụ nke sitere na Bodö dị na Norway, Kalax (na Luleå) na Sweden na Oulu Airfield na Finland.

Ndị agha Finnish esonyekwara na mmega ahụ agha oyi "Nzaghachi oyi" site na February 18th ruo March 4th, 2012, egwuregwu agha kachasị ukwuu kemgbe Agha Nzuzo (ndị agha 16,300). Finland na-ekerekwa òkè na "Arctic Challenge Exercise", 2013, 2015, 2017. Enwere nguzogide siri ike megide ịbanye na NATO n'etiti ndị mmadụ na Finland, n'ihi ya, a ghaghị ịgbagha nke a. Iji chọta ngwọta maka nsogbu a, Finland na mba ndị ọzọ dị na Nordic, kpọrọ na London ka ha mepụta "Obere-NATO". Mmekọrịta bụ otu n'ime ihe kacha mkpa imekọ ihe ọnụ. Na Septemba 2014, Onye isi ndị agha Finnish bịanyere aka na nkwado mba ndị ọbịa na NATO. A naghị akọwapụta ihe omume ndị a n'ihu ọha na mgbasa ozi ma ọ bụ na nzuko omeiwu Finnish. Na June 2016, ọtụtụ gigantic NATO omume mere na dum Baltic Sea mpaghara: 40.000 agha sonyere na parallell agha oké osimiri na ikuku omume: Baltops, a agha mmega ahụ si June 3rd na June 18th, a marin na warfighting wargame na 6.000 agha ebe Finland na Sweden sonyere yana na "Anakonda" ala na agha agha na ndị agha 25.000 na Poland. Ndị agha US na Air Force weere ọrụ etiti, mba ndị ọzọ na-esonye bụ Estonia, Latvia, Lituania, Albania, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kosovo, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey na Great Britain.

Ndị Baltic na-ekwu

Estonia, Latvia na Lituania, obere mba ndị dị na Oké Osimiri Baltic na a na-akpọkarị steeti Baltic. Steeti atọ a sonyeere NATO na 2004. US ewerela ụzọ dị iche iche iji mpaghara a, nke dị n'akụkụ Russia, dị ka ikpo okwu agha, site n'ịme ọtụtụ mmemme n'elu ala na n'oké osimiri. US nwere ohere ugbu a na ọdụ ndị agha Ämari (na Estonia), Lilvarde (na Lettland) na Siauliai (na Lithuania). Ndị agha US/NATO butere ndị uwe ojii Baltic Air na mbara ikuku dị n'elu mba ndị a. Ndị agha ikuku US weghaara ndị agha ikuku Baltic.

Enwere egwuregwu agha kwa afọ nke aha ya bụ, BALTOPS, na Oke Osimiri Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke bụ mmiri dị n'etiti Finland, Sweden, na steeti Baltic. Egwuregwu agha kachasị ọhụrụ ebe ahụ nwere mba 17 tinyere ihe dị ka ndị agha 5000, ụgbọ mmiri 50 nke oké osimiri, nku agha 50 na helikopta, ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri, ụgbọ mmiri 10 na ụgbọ agha ndị ọzọ. Ndị agha Sweden gbakwunyere ike: otu corvett, ụgbọ elu agha JAS Gripen 8 na ndị agha Sweden 300. Ndị agha United States butere ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu B-52, bụ́ ndị e mere ka ọha na eze mara maka ogbunigwe nke obodo nta dị na Vietnam.

Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ bụ: N’ọnwa Jun, afọ 2014, ndị agha mmiri si mba iri na abụọ so na-emega ahụ ndị agha mmiri na-eme kwa afọ n’Oké Osimiri Baltic. Emebela ụdị mmega ahụ n'Oké Osimiri Ọwụwa Anyanwụ kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. Mana nke a bụ mmega ahụ mba ụwa kachasị ukwuu na-eme na mpaghara ahụ n'afọ a. Ọ pụtara mmụba ọzụzụ maka mmekọrịta n'etiti mba ndị na-esonye. BALTOPS malitere na Karlskrona, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda Sweden, ebe ndị ọrụ agha si mba ndị na-ekere òkè gbakọtara iji kparịta atụmatụ na ebumnuche. Mba ndị so na ya bụ Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom na USA.

N'ọnwa Julaị, 2016, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Germany, Italy na UK bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta iji guzobe Stratcom Center of Exellence na Riga, Latvia. Stratcom dị mkpụmkpụ maka Iwu Stratgic nke United States. Ọ bụ iwu ọgụ nke Pentagon na-agba, na-ahụ maka agha ozi na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Sweden sonyeere na 2016. Ngalaba steeti US na-etinye aka ugbu a na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi megide Russia.

N'ime oge Mee 11th na June 20th, 2020, nnukwu mmega ahụ agha, Aurora 20, mere. Ọtụtụ mba NATO na n'ezie ndị agha US na Air Force sonyere.