Site n’aka Pat Elder, Ọktoba 10, 2020
Nsonaazụ nnwale nke ewepụtara n'izu a site na St Mary's River Watershed Association na Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) na-egosi ọkwa dị elu nke nsị PFAS na oysters na mmiri mmiri metụtara ojiji nke kemịkal na Webster Outlying Field of the Patuxent River Naval Air Station (Webster Field) na St. Inigoes, Maryland. Isi ala a dị n'akụkụ mgbago ndịda nke St Mary's County, MD.
Nsonaazụ gosiri oysters na mmiri site na Church Point na St. Inigoes Creek nwere ihe karịrị 1,000 akụkụ kwa puku ijeri (ppt) nke kemịkal na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Eurofins, onye ndu ụwa n’ule PFAS nyochachara oysters. Emere nnyocha ahụ n'aha Marytù Mmiri Mmiri nke St. Mary na ndị ọrụ ọha na eze kwadoro ego maka ọrụ gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, ỌR..
Ka ọ dịgodị, data nke ndi MDE weputara egosiputara ọkwa nke PFAS na 13.45 ng / l (nanogram kwa lita, ma ọ bụ akụkụ kwa ijeri) achọtara na mmiri osimiri ihe dịka ụkwụ 2,300 n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Webster Field. Dabere na nchọpụta ndị a, MDE na-akọ, "Nsonaazụ nke nsogbu ahụike ahụike ọha na eze PFAS maka ikpughe mmiri na ikpuru mmiri oyster dị obere." Nnyocha nke mmiri PFAS merụrụ na ọkwa ndị ọzọ na steeti ndị ọzọ, na-egosi na ndụ mmiri nwere ogo toxins dị elu, n'ihi ụdị nchịkọta nke kemịkal.
Otu oporo nke anakọtara na Church Point na St. Mary's College of Maryland nwere 1,100 ppt nke 6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, (FTSA) mgbe ndị bivalves dị na St Inigoes Creek merụrụ ahụ na 800 ppt nke Perfluorobutanoic acid, (PFBA) na 220 ppt nke Perfluoropentanoic acid, (PFPeA).
Ndị isi ahụike nke ọha na eze na-adọ anyị aka ná ntị ịghara iri ihe karịrị 1 ppt nke toxins kwa ụbọchị na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ. Ejikọtara kemịkal PFAS na ọtụtụ ọrịa cancer, nsogbu ndị nwa ebu n'afọ, na ọrịa ụmụaka, gụnyere autism, ụkwara ume ọkụ, na nsogbu mwepụ anya. Ndị mmadụ agaghị eri akwa a, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịtụrụ ime.
Na Maryland, a na-ekewa ọrụ maka idebe ihe ọcha nke oysters n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ steeti atọ: Maryland Department of Environment (MDE), Department of Natural Resources (DNR), na Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH). Agencieslọ ọrụ ndị a enwebeghị ike ichekwa ahụike ọha na eze mgbe gọọmentị Trump EPA nwere ụkpụrụ dị jụụ gbasara nje PFAS. Mgbe ndị obodo gbara akwụkwọ na Ngalaba Nchebe maka nsị na nri na mmiri, DOD azaghachila site na ịsị "ikike nke mba" nke pụtara na ha nwere ikike imetọ ụzọ mmiri n'ihi nchebara echiche mba.
Ilekwu Anya na Sayensị: Oysters emetọ
Agbanyeghi na MDE kwuru na odighi ihe itu egwu Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ekwu na enweghị ihe akaebe na ọrịa PFAS agbasala karịa ntọala ya, Dr. Kyla Bennett PEER Director nke Science Policy na-ekwu na nyocha nke steeti dị oke oke na-ekwu na ahụike dị ntakịrị metụtara na-eri oporo.
"Anyị kwesịrị ịmatakwu," ka o kwuru.
Dị ka Akwụkwọ akụkọ Bay Bennett kwuru na e nwere adịghị ike na nnwale nke steeti ahụ nke mebiri ikike ya iji nyochaa ihe egwu ahụike. Ọmụmaatụ, ọ sịrị, MDE ule “agaghị enwe ike ịtụtụrụ otu nsogbu karịsịa nsogbu ogige ọbụna na ọkwa nke ọtụtụ puku akụkụ kwa puku ijeri. Ọzọkwa, o kwuru, na steeti ahụ nwalere nlele ya niile maka 14 n'ime ihe karịrị puku asatọ PFAS mara. ”
“Ebe ọ bụ na ha nwaleghị maka 36 [ogige PFAS] niile na saịtị ha niile, nyere na njedebe nchọpụta site n’okike ha dị elu, rue akụkụ 10,000 kwa puku ijeri, iji wepụta nkwubi okwu na enwere obere ihe egwu, echere m na ọ bụ enweghị isi, "ka o kwuru.
Oyster iri sitere n’osimiri St Mary a hụrụ n’elu efere oporo e ghere eghe n’otu ụlọ oriri na ọ seụafụ a na-eri n’ime mmiri n’ógbè ahụ nwere ike inwe gram 500 nke oporo. Ọ bụrụ na oporo ọ bụla nwere ppt 1,000 nke kemịkal PFAS, nke ahụ bụ otu akụkụ 1 kwa ijeri, nke bụ otu 1 nanogram kwa gram, (ng / g).
Yabụ, 1 ng / gx 500 g (10 oysters) nara 500 ng nke PFAS.
Na enweghị nchịkwa nke gọọmentị etiti na steeti, anyị nwere ike ilegara European Authority Safety Food (EFSA) maka nduzi, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ahụ ike ọha na eze na-ekwu na ọkwa PFAS ha dị oke egwu. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ndị Europe dị n'ihu US na ichebe ahụike ọha na eze na mbibi nke kemịkal ndị a.
EFSA esetịpụ a-enwe ndidi Weekly oriri (TWI) na 4.4 nanogram kwa kilogram nke ahu aro. (4.4 ng / kg / wk) maka kemịkal PFAS na nri.
Yabụ, onye dị kilogram iri isii na asatọ n’arọ nwere ike “n’enweghị nsogbu” na-a 300ụ XNUMX nanogram kwa izu. (ng / wk) [ihe dịka 68 x 4.4] nke kemịkal PFAS.
Ka anyị kwuo na mmadụ na-eri nri nke oysters 10 eghere eghe nke dị 500 gram (.5 n'arọ) nwere 500 ng / kg nke kemịkal PFAS.
[.5 n'arọ nke oysters x 1,000 ng PFAS / kg = 500 ngs nke PFAS na nri ahụ.]
Ndị Europe na-ekwu na anyị ekwesịghị ịmịnye ihe karịrị 300 nanogram kwa izu nke kemịkal PFAS, yabụ, otu efere eghe eghe karịa ọkwa ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-agbaso usoro ikike 1 kwa ụbọchị nke Harvard School of Health Public ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-akwado, anyị ga-ejedebe ịtinye otu mmiri mmiri Osimiri St. Mary kwa ọnwa abụọ. Ka ọ dịgodị, Maryland na-ekwu na nsogbu ahụike nke oyster a “pere ezigbo mpe.”
A na-eme ka nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze na-adịgide site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-eji nrubeisi na-agbasa akụkọ steeti na ndị agha na-ahapụ nyocha dị oke mkpa. Kedu ihe ọha mmadụ ga-eche n'ụzọ ọzọ? Nke ka mkpa bụ, onye ka ọha na eze kwesịrị ịtụkwasị obi? Vardlọ akwụkwọ Harvard nke Ahụike Ọha? onye European Safety Safety Food? ma ọ bụ Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Republican na-agba ọsọ na Republican na-enwe ndekọ ọmịiko nke ịkwado gburugburu ebe obibi na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nchekwa EPA?
Erila anụ ọhịa ahụ.
EFSA kwuru na "azụ na azụ ndị ọzọ" na-ekwu maka 86% nke nri PFAS nri ndị okenye. Ihe kpatara ọtụtụ ihe ngosi a bụ iji akpachapụghị anya na-ere ọkụ na ọdụ ndị agha kemgbe mmalite afọ ndị 1970. Nri toro site na mpaghara nke PFAS jupụtara na sludge sitere na ndị agha na saịtị mmepụta ihe, mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ sitere n'otu ụzọ ahụ, na ngwaahịa ndị na-azụ ahịa mejupụtara ihe fọdụrụnụ na isi mmalite ndị na-enye aka na nsị nke ọha mmadụ nke PFAS.
maka iji akara nke Patuxent River Naval Air Station.
Ileba Anya na Sayensị: Mmiri emetọ
Ihe data weputara site na MDE nke n’egosiputa 13.45 ng / l na Osimiri St. Mary dị nso na Ubi Webster bụ ihe na-enye nsogbu n'ihi na ha na-egosi oke mmetọ nke mmiri niile dị na mmiri. Na Oke kachasị ọkwa maka PFAS na European Union is .13 ng / l na mmiri mmiri. Ọnọdụ dị na Osimiri St Mary bụ okpukpu 103 na ọkwa ahụ.
In Ọdọ mmiri Monoma, Wisconsin, nke dị nso na Truax Field Air National Guard, mmiri rụrụ ya na 15 ng / l nke PFAS. Ndị ọchịchị na-egbochi iri nri kapeeti, pike, bass, na perch na otu nri kwa ọnwa, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ahụike na-ekwu na ikwe ka oriri bụ ihe na-enweghị isi.
Na mpaghara South Bay nke San Francisco Bay, mmiri mmiri nwere ngụkọta nke 10.87 ng / l nke kemịkal PFAS. (nke dị ala karịa nke St. Mary) Lee Isiokwu 2a. A chọtara bivalves na 5.25 ng / g, ma ọ bụ 5,250 ppt. A hụrụ Pacific Staghorn Sculpin n'otu mpaghara na 241,000 ppt. nke PFAS. N'otu aka ahụ, na Eden Landing na San Francisco Bay, a hụrụ mmiri nwere 25.99 ng / l, ebe otu bivalve nwere 76,300 ppt nke toxins ahụ.
Na New Jersey, Osimiri ọdọ Echo nwere 24.3 ng / l na achọtara Osimiri Cohansey nwere 17.9 ng / l nke PFAS niile. A hụrụ Largemouth Bass na ọdọ mmiri Echo Lake nke nwere 5,120 ppt nke ngụkọta PFAS ebe Osimiri Cohansey nwere White Perch nwere 3,040 ppt nke PFAS. Enwere ọtụtụ data sitere na steeti ndị chebere ahụike ọha na eze karịa Maryland. Isi ihe dị ebe a bụ na ọtụtụ kemịkal PFAS ndị a bụ ihe na-eme ka ndụ dị na mmiri na ụmụ mmadụ.
Na 2002, nyocha nke pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, Environmental Contamination and Toxicology kọrọ banyere ya achicha oporo nke nwere 1,100 ng / g ma ọ bụ 1,100,000 ppt nke PFOS, nke kachasị ama nke PFAS "kemịkal ebighi ebi." A chịkọtara oporo na Hog Point na Chesapeake Bay, ihe dị ka 3,000 ụkwụ site na runway na Patuxent River Naval Air Station. Taa, akụkọ ọhụrụ si n'aka MDE na mmiri dị n'elu mmiri na oporo n'otu mpaghara maka PFAS ahụghị "enweghị nchegbu."
