June 30, 2020
Ezigbo Kọmitii Ndị Ọrụ Maka Armedlọ Ndị Ọrụ Maka Ezinụ:
Ndi otu ndi mmadu, ndi mmadu, okwukwe, na ndi gọọmenti na-aza ajụjụ, na-anọchite anya nde ndị otu anyị n'ofe mba ahụ, dere na nkwado ịkwado mmemme 1033 na Ngalaba Nchedo na mbufe na ngwa na ngwa agha na mpaghara, steeti na gọọmentị etiti. ndi omebe iwu.
Usoro mbufe akụrụngwa ndị agha, nke a maara dịka Mmemme 1033, bụ nke edobere na 1997 FY National Defense ikike ikikere. Kemgbe e guzobere ya, ihe karịrị $ 7.4 ijeri akụrụngwa na ngwongwo ndị agha, gụnyere ụgbọ agha, egbe, na ụgbọ elu, enyefego karịa ụlọ ọrụ mmanye iwu 8,000. Usoro ihe omume a dọtara uche mba niile mgbe ogbugbu Michael Brown gbuchara ya na 2014 na Ferguson, Missouri. Kemgbe ahụ, ndị isi ọgbakọ agbaala mbọ imezi ma ọ bụ kwụsị mmemme a nke na-eme ka mmụba nke ndị agha eji egbu agha ọkachasị n'obodo ndị nwere agba.
Nnyocha nyocha na-egosi na Mmemme 1033 abụghị naanị enweghị nchekwa ma ọ nweghị arụ ọrụ n'ihi na ọ naghị ebelata mpụ ma ọ bụ melite nchekwa ndị uwe ojii. Na 2015, Onye isi ala Obama nyere Iwu Executive 13688 nke nyere nlekọta dị mkpa maka mmemme ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ ka agbanweela Iwu Executive, nke gosipụtara naanị na mmebe iwu - ọ bụghị iwu ndị isi - dị oke mkpa iji dozie nsogbu a na mmemme a.
Mgbe mgbagha Ferguson gasịrị, ndị ọrụ mmanye iwu na mba ahụ anọgidewo na-enweta akụrụngwa ndị agha na ngwa ọgụ, gụnyere “494 igwe agha na-eguzogide, ma ọ dịkarịa ala narị ihe agha 800, ihe karịrị 6,500 egbe, na opekata mpe ụgbọ elu 76. " Immigrashọn na nnabata ndi mmadu (ICE) na Customs na Nchedo ókè (CBP) anatawo nnukwu akụrụngwa akụrụngwa ndị agha dịka akụkụ nke mbuso agha nke oke anyị. Nke a bụ ihe kachasị mkpa n'oge a na-ebugharị mpaghara ICE na CBP na nzaghachi maka ngagharị iwe udo na mmemme mmebe iwu.
Mgbe ogbugbu George Floyd gburu na Minneapolis, nde mmadụ egosipụtala n'ụwa niile megide obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. N’obodo dị iche iche n’obodo anyị, ọtụtụ narị puku ndị na-eme ihe ngosi kpọrọ oku maka ikpe ziri ezi na ngosipụta maka George Floyd na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Black ojii na-enweghị mgbagha nke ndị omebe iwu gburu.
N'ihi mwepụ nke mba ahụ, ụgbọ agha, ngwá agha mwakpo, na ngwá agha juputara n'okporo ụzọ anyị na obodo anyị, na-eme ka ha bụrụ mpaghara agha. Ngwá agha enweghị ebe ọ bụla n'obodo anyị. Ihe ọzọ bụ, akaebe egosila na ụlọ ọrụ mmanye iwu nke na-enweta akụrụngwa ndị agha na-enwekarị ike ime ihe ike.
Enwere ezi obi na agbụ ọgụ na Houselọ yana ndị omebe iwu iji gbochie oke ma ọ bụ kwụsị Mmebe Nchekwa 1033. Ọtụtụ nde ndị America na-akpọ oku ka emechie Mmemme 1033, ebe e webatara iwu n'ime ụlọ abụọ a iji dozie nchegbu ndị a.
N'ihi ya, anyị na-agba gị ume ka ị jiri ohere nke ntuli aka kọmiti nke FY2021 National Defense ikike Act iji kwado ma tinye asụsụ iji kwụsị Mmemme 1033 Ngalaba Nchebe.
Daalụ maka ntụle gị. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla, biko kpọtụrụ Yasmin Taeb na
yasmin@demandprogress.org.
Obi,
Ọrụ Action
Ọ bụ Alianza Nacional de Campesinas
Ndị America maka ochichi onye kwuo uche na ikike mmadụ na Bahrain (ADHRB)
Kọmitii Ọrụ Amụma America
American Muslim Ike Network (AMEN)
Olu America
Ndị otu Amnesty International USA
Ụlọ ọrụ Arab American Institute (AAI)
Njikọ Ngwá Agha
Asia Pacific American Labour Alliance, AFL-CIO
Kpagide akara ahụ: Ihe ndị Juu mere
E wezụga bombu
Emeela Ntinye Okwukwe
Center maka ndi nkiti no na agha
Ogige maka Rights Rights
Lọ Ọrụ Maka Ọmụmụ Gender & Refugee
Center maka amụma mba ụwa
Center maka ndị ndị tara ahụhụ
Njikota ikike Maka Nkwapụ Maka Mwepụ Mmadụ (CHIRLA)
CODEPINK
Nchekwa nkịtị
Ọgbakọ nke Nwanyị nke Charity nke ezigbo Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ, Ógbè US
Council on American-Islamic Relations
Ikpuchido Rights & Dissent
Ịchọ Ọganihu
Ọgwụ N'uba ọgwụ
Ndi otu oru ugbo nke Florida
Ndi Feminist Foreign Policy Project
Ofesi nwaanyị nke America
Ihe omume Franciscan
Kọmiti Enyi na Iwu Mba
Ghazie Ọchịchị Akaụntụ
Oge Ozi Gọọmentị
Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme maka Udo na ochichi onye kwuo uche ya
Ihe ndi ruuru mmadu
Watch Rights Watch
Ulo akwukwo omumu banyere ihe omuma, oru ohuru ohuru
International Network Society Network (ICAN)
Studieslọ Ọrụ Mmụta Islamophobia
Jetpac
Voice nke ndị Juu maka ime udo
Omenala Mba Ọzọ
Mmekorita Iwu Mmekorita
Mee Maka Ndụ Anyị
Kọmịshọna Mennonite US US Office
Ndị Alakụba Alakụba
Njikọ Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke Muslim
National Advocacy Center nke Ndi Nwanne oma Ezigbo Onye-ọzụzụ aturu
Ndị otu mba nke ndị ọka iwu na-agbachitere mpụ
National Council nke Churches
Ntanetị ikike nkwarụ mba
Ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n’ụlọ
Ụlọikpe ikpe ziri ezi nke mba ọzọ
National Iranian American Council Action
Mmekọrịta Mba maka Womenmụ nwanyị na Ezinụlọ
Ihe Nlebara Anya nke ala na ulo akwukwo maka nyocha nke iwu
NETWORK n'ọnụ ụlọ maka ikpe ziri ezi nke ndị Katọlik
Njikota Ndị Ọpụpụ New York
Mepee Ọchịchị Iwu Obodo
Ntughari anyi
Oxfam America
Omume Udo
Ndị Maka Americanzọ Ndị America
Platform
Ego mmuta nke Poligon
Ọrụ Nrụpụta Ihe
Ihe Nleba Anya n’iru ndi ochichi (POGO)
Inlọ nyocha Quincy maka Statelọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ
Ighaghachite Iwu Ofesi
Weghachi nke anọ
RootsAction.org
Iwu Ndozigharị Iwu (SPRI)
SEIU
Ezinụlọ 11th nke Satumba nke Tomorrows Udo
Sierra klọb
Ndị South America America Na-ejikọ ọnụ (SAALT)
Southwest Asia Resource Action Center
Njikota Obodo Ndị Dị na Ndịda
Ego SPLC Action
Guzoro America
Ntanetị Ihe Nweta Texas Civil
United Church of Christ, Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Onye Ozi Ala
United Methodist Church - General Board of Church na Society
Mgbasa Ozi US maka Palestine Rights
Ọrụ US Na-emegide Agha ahụ
Veterans maka American Ideals
Na-emeri Enweghị Agha
Ofmụ nwanyị na-ahụ maka ọhụụ ime udo, nchekwa na Mgbanwe Ọgba (WCAPS)
Omume Women'smụ nwanyị Maka Nduzi Ọhụrụ (WAND)
World BEYOND War
Kọmitii Yemen
Yemen Relief na nwughari Foundation
kwuru, sị:
1. Ngwongwo LESO zigara ndị na-ezukọ. Defence Logistics Agency.
https://www.dla.mil/DispositionServices/Offers/Reutilization/LawEnforcement/PublicInformation/.
2. Daniel Else, “Ihe mmemme '1033', Ngalaba Agbachitere nye iwu," CRS.
https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R43701.pdf.
3. B riant Barrett, “Aka-Me-Down nke Pentagon nyere aka ndị uwe ojii Militarize. Nke a bụ Kedu, ”
https://www.wired.com/story/pentagon-hand-me-downs-militarize-police-1033-program/.
4. Taylor Wofford, "Olee otú ndị uwe ojii America si bụrụ ndị agha: Mmemme 1033," Newsweek. 13 Ọgọst
2014.
https://www.newsweek.com/how-americas-police-became-army-1033-program-264537.
5. Jonathan Mummolo, “Militariation anaghị eme ka nchekwa ndị uwe ojii ma ọ bụ belata mpụ mana ọ nwere ike imerụ ndị uwe ojii
aha ya, ”PNAS. Https://www.pnas.org/content/115/37/9181.
6. Federal Register, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-01-22/pdf/2015-01255.pdf.
7. John Templeton, “Ngalaba ndị uwe ojii anatala narị nde kwuru nde na ndị agha
Ngwá ọrụ ebe ọ bụ na Ferguson, ”Buzzfeed News. 4 June 2020.
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/johntemplon/police-departments-military-gear-1033-program.
8. Tori Bateman, "Kedu ka Ógbè US dị n'ebe ndịda Dị n'okpuru si bụrụ mpaghara dị militarized,"
https://www.yesmagazine.org/opinion/2020/04/13/us-southern-border-militarized/.
9. Spencer Ackerman, “ICE, Patrol Patrol na-ekwu'fọdụ ndị uwe ojii na-ahapụ DC” Daily Beast.
https://www.thedailybeast.com/ice-border-patrol-say-some-secret-police-leaving-dc.
10. Caitlin Dickerson, “Patrol Patrol Ga-Egosi na Elite Tactical Nnọchiteanya Ndị Isi Obodo,” New York
Oge. Https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/us/B ịtụ-Patrol-ICE-Sanctuary-Cities.html.
11. Ryan Welch na Jack Mewhirter. “Ngwá agha ọ̀ na-eme ka ndị uwe ojii na-eme ihe ike? Anyị
mere nnyocha ahụ. ” Washington Post. June 30 2017.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/06/30/does-military-equipment-lead-policeofficers-to-be-more-violent-we-did-the-research/.
12. Rep. Velázquez, na-ewebata Ngosipụta Iwu Iwu Mpaghara nke 2020 iji kpochapụ 1033
Mmemme
https://velazquez.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/velazquez-bill-would-demilitarize-police.
13. Sen. Schatz, na-ewebata Kwụsị Iwu Mwube Iwu Iwu,
https://www.schatz.senate.gov/press-releases/schatz-reintroduces-bipartisan-legislation-to-stop-police-mil
itarization.
14. Nzukọ Ndị Isi Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ, "400 + Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na-agba ume
Congressional Action na ime ihe ike ndị uwe ojii, ”June 2, 2020,
https://civilrights.org/2020/06/01/400-civil-rights-organizations-urge-congressional-action-on-police-violenc
e /.
