Nsogbu ihu igwe na ibu ọrụ nke ndị agha

Site na Ria Verjauw, May 5, 2019

"Mba nke na-aga n'ihu kwa afọ iji na-etinyekwu ego na nchebe ndị agha karịa na mmemme nke mgbatị mmadụ na-eru nso ọnwụ ime mmụọ." -Martin Luther King

Foto: US Department of Veterans Affairs

Ihe niile jikọtara ọnụ: esemokwu agha - mmebi iwu ụmụ mmadụ - mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi - mgbanwe ihu igwe - ikpe na-ezighị ezi n'etiti ọha mmadụ ..….

Mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi bụ akụkụ nke agha nke oge a. Ọrụ ndị agha na mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe buru ibu. Mmanụ dị oké mkpa maka agha. Militarism bụ ihe kachasị mmanụ na mbara ala. Okwu ọ bụla banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe adịghị agụnye agha ma ọ bụ ikuku dị ọkụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime anyị na-ebelata akara ụkwụ carbon anyị site na ndụ dị mfe, agha adịghị enwe nsogbu nchebe ihu igwe. Ndị agha anaghị akọ mgbanwe ihu igwe emepụta nye mba ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nke mba ọzọ, na-ekele ogwe aka US - na-agbagharị n'oge mkparịta ụka 1997 nke mbụ mba ụwa na-ejedebe mmepụta ọkụ nke ụwa, Kyoto Protocol on Change Climate.

Obi nkoropụ ịhụ bụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ekwughị banyere oke mmetọ mmụba nke militarism - ọ bụghị n'oge ọtụtụ arụmụka mgbanwe ihu igwe na ngosipụta, ma ọ bụ na mgbasa ozi. N'oge nzukọ gburugburu ebe obibi enwere ịgbachi nkịtị banyere mmetụta mmetọ ndị agha.

N'isiokwu a, anyị na-eme ka mmetụta nke ọrụ agha United States pụta ìhè. Nke a apụtaghị na mba ndị ọzọ na ndị na-emepụta ngwá agha enweghị obere ihe maka nnukwu mmebi nke e mere na ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi anyị. US bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị na-eme egwuregwu n'ụwa niile site na agha agha na ihu igwe na gburugburu ebe obibi anyị.

Ndị agha US na-ewe 25% nke mkpokọta US oriri mmanụ, nke bụ n'onwe ya 25% nke mkpokọta oriri ụwa. US nke isii nke ndị agha, bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-emetọ emetọ na Oke Osimiri Mediterenian. US Force Force (USAF) bụ otu ndị na-azụ mmanụ ụgbọelu kachasị elu n'ụwa.

Na 1945 ndị agha United States wuru elu ikuku na Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, mmalite nke ịchekwa ohere American na-enweta mmanụ ọhụrụ Middle East. Onye isi oche Roosevelt kwurịtara ya quid pro quo ya na ezinụlọ Saudi: nchebe ndị agha na-agbanwe maka mmanụ dị ala maka ụlọ ahịa US na ndị agha. Eisenhower nwere nnukwu nlekọta banyere ọganihu nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-adịgide adịgide nke na-ahụ maka iwu obodo nakwa mkpa ọ dị ka nwa amaala chebe anya na aka ya iji gbochie mgbagwoju anya "agha-ụlọ ọrụ". N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, o mere mkpebi dị mma banyere iwu ike, nke setịpụrụ US na ụwa na usoro nke anyị ga-esi nweta ụzọ anyị ga-esi laghachi azụ.

Mwakpo ngwa ngwa nke ikuku gas na-ekpo ekuku nke na - emeputa nsogbu nke ihu igwe ugbu a malitere na 1950; n'oge ahụ ozugbo Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị. Nke a abughi ihe mgbagwoju anya. Mmanụ dị mkpa na Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ma ịchịkwa ohere ịnweta mmanụ dị oké mkpa na nke abụọ. Ndi ha na ha agaraghi enwe mmeri n'ihi na ha enweghi ike ihichapu mmanu German na mmanu ma debe ya maka onwe ha. Ihe omumu maka United States n'agbanyeghi mgbe agha di bu na nbudata na nlekota nke mmanu uwa bu ihe di nkpa ma oburu na obu ike nke uwa. Nke a mere ka mmanụ bụrụ ihe kacha mkpa n'etiti ndị agha, nakwa na ọ bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ / na-akwọ ụgbọala na United States. Ihe ndị a bụ nkwekọrịta maka usoro nke na-akwado gas na-ekpuchi teknụzụ maka mmepụta agha na anụ ụlọ; bụ isi iyi nke mgbanwe ihu igwe anyị na-eche ugbu a.

Site na njedebe nke 1970s, osobo Soviet nke Afghanistan na nnwere onwe Iranian gbanwere na United States na-enweta mmanụ na Middle East, na-eduga na Nwanna Carter si 1980 State nke Union na-enye obi ụtọ na ozizi. Akwụkwọ Carter na-ekwusi ike na a ga-eguzogide ọ bụla egwu ọ bụla na United States na-abanye na Middle East mmanụ "n'ụzọ ọ bụla dị mkpa, tinyere agha." Carter tinyere ezé n'ime ozizi ya site n'inwe Ngalaba Ngwá Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọsọ Ngwa, Ógbè Gulf Persia mgbe ọ dị mkpa. Ronald Reagan jikọtara mmanụ agha na mpempe akwụkwọ US Central Command (CENTCOM), onye raison d'etre bụ iji hụ na ịnweta mmanụ, mee ka Soviet Union belata na mpaghara ma na-achịkwa ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ógbè ahụ maka ọdịmma nchebe mba. Site n'ịdabere na mmanụ sitere n'Africa na Osimiri Caspian, United States emeela ka ọ gbasaa ike ndị agha na mpaghara ndị ahụ.

1992 Kyoto Protocol kwuputara n'ụzọ doro anya gas na-ekpuchi gas na-esi na ihe agha sitere na ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya. Ndi United States choro ma merie ihe ndi ozo na emefu "bunker" (okpu, mmanu mmanu mmanu maka ugbua na ugbua) na onodu ikuku gri na gas site na oru agha n'uwa nile, tinyere agha. George W. Bush wepụrụ US site na Kyoto Protocol dị ka otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ nke ndị isi oche ya, na-ekwu na ọ ga-egbochi akụnụba US na oke nchịkwa ihe ọkụkụ na-efu oke. Ọzọ, Ụlọ White House malitere mgbasa ozi Neo-Luddite megide sayensị nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.

A kpochapụrụ ikuku gas na-ekpuchi gas sitere na ihe agha na 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate. Ndị nlekọta nkwụnye ego jụrụ ịbanye na nkwekọrịta ahụ, ọ kabeghịkwa mkpa maka mba ndị na-edeba aha iji soro na belata ihe ọkụkụ carbon ha.

Mgbe US Defense Science Board kọrọ na 2001 na ndị agha ga-achọ ma ọ bụrụ na ịzụlite ngwá agha ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmanu ma ọ bụ usoro nkwado dị mma iji nwee ike ịkwado onwe ha, "ọchịagha yiri ka ịhọrọ nhọrọ nke atọ: weghaara ohere ịnweta mmanụ ". Nke a na-egosi eziokwu kachasị banyere agha na mgbanwe ihu igwe: na ụzọ agha nke oge a si pụta na ọ bụ naanị ya ga-eji ya mee ihe na-abaghị uru.

Nchekwa mmanu gụnyere nchedo agha site na sabotage na pipeline na tankers na agha na mpaghara mmanụ bara ọgaranya iji mesie ohere ogologo oge. N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 1000 US, ndị agha na-esite na Andes ruo North Africa gafee Middle East na Indonesia, Philippines na North Korea, na-ekpochapụ ihe niile dị mkpa mmanụ - niile, na akụkụ ụfọdụ, iji gosi ike maka nchekwa nchebe. Ọzọkwa, "ikuku mmiri" nke griin ga-eme site na iji ngwá ọrụ agha, ule, akụrụngwa, ụgbọ ala na mgbochi eji eme ihe na mmanụ agha na agha ndị a na-agbanye mmanụ ga-etinyekwa aka na gburugburu ebe obibi nke iji mmanụ ụgbọala.

Ná mmalite nke agha Iraq na March 2003, Agha ahụ chere na ọ ga-achọ ihe karịrị 40 nde galọn mmanụ ụgbọala maka izu atọ nke ọgụ, karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ niile ndị agha Allied na-anọ n'ime afọ anọ nke Agha Ụwa 1. N'ime agha agha ndị agha bụ 2000 bụ ndị na-akwado M-1 Abrams maka ndị agha na ọkụ ọkụ 250 ọkụ ọkụ kwa awa. Iraq nwere mmanụ nke atọ kasị ukwuu. O doro anya na agha Iraq bụ agha na mmanụ.

Agha ikuku na Libya nyere iwu ọhụrụ US Africa Command (AFRICOM) - onwe ya ọzọ ndọtị nke Carter Doctrine - ụfọdụ ihe na-egbuke egbuke. Ndị nkọwa ole na ole kwubiri na agha NATO dị na Libya bụ ihe enyemaka ziri ezi na-akwado mmadụ. Agha ikuku nke dị na Lybia mebiri mkpebi UN UN Security Council, 1973, Iwu US na Iwu Ike War; ọ na-esetịpụ ụkpụrụ. Agha ikuku dị na Libya bụ ihe ọzọ na-emeghachi omume na diplomacy na-abụghị ndị agha; o mebiri African Union na ọ na-esetịpụ ụzọ maka inyekwu ndị agha na Africa mgbe ihe gbasara US na-enwe nsogbu.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị jiri ọnụ ọgụgụ tụnyere:

1. Ọnụ ego zuru ezu nke agha Iraq (atụmatụ $ 3 atụmatụ) ga-ekpuchi "niile nhazi nke uwa na ọganihu ike "nke dị mkpa n'etiti ugbu a na 2030 iji gbanwee ọnọdụ ọkụ ọkụ ụwa.
2. N'etiti 2003-2007, agha ahụ na-eme ma ọ dịkarịa ala 141 nde metric ton carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), ihe karia kwa afo agha karia 139 nke mba uwa weputara kwa afo. Iwughari ulo akwukwo Iraqi, ulo, ulo oru, onu ogugu, okporo ụzọ na ulo ogwu nke agha na agha, na mgbidi na nchedo ohuru ga-acho otutu tonent ciment, otu n'ime ulo oru mmeputa ulo oru kachasi.
3. Na 2006, United States ejiri ihe karịrị agha ahụ na Iraq karịa ụwa dum eji etinye ego ike.
4. Site na 2008, ochichi nke Bush ejiriwo 97 ugboro karịa karịa agha karịa mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe. Dịka onye nchịkọta ntụrụndụ, President Obama kwere nkwa itinye ego $ 150 karịrị afọ iri na teknụzụ na nkà na ụzụ na-arụ ọrụ - na-erughị United States nọ na-emefu otu afọ nke agha Iraq

Agha abughi nani ihe ndi ozo eji eme ihe iji dozie mgbanwe onodu ogugu, ma ya onwe ya bu ihe kpatara oke nsogbu nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị agha ahụ nwere nnukwu ntụ ụkwụ carbon.

Ndị agha US kwetara na ị ga-esi na 395,000 agba (1 US barrel = 158.97liter) mmanụ kwa ụbọchị. Nke a bụ ihe atụ na-eju anya bụ nke nwere ike ịbụ na ọ naghị elelị. Ozugbo a na - eji mmanụ esi n'aka ndị ọrụ agha, ndị na - ere ngwá agha na ihe nzuzo ndị ahụ niile na arụmọrụ ndị a na - ewepụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na - ahụ maka ụlọnga, a ga - nde nde. Iji tinye ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ anya, ndị ọrụ agha United States na-arụsi ọrụ ike jikọtara 0.0002% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụwa, mana ha bụ akụkụ nke usoro agha nke na-emepụta gburugburu 5% nke ikuku gas na-eme n'ụwa.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a sitere na ngwá agha ndị agha US na-agbaso gburugburu ụwa. Ugbo agha nke gburugburu agha bu oke elu.

Mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi nke agha kpatara abụghị nanị mgbanwe mgbanwe igwe. Mmetụta nke bọmbụ nuklia na ule nuklia, ojiji nke Agent Orange, uranium dara ada na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu, yana nchịkwa ala na iwu a na-akọwaghị nke na-anọ n'ọgba aghara ogologo oge mgbe agha ahụ gafere, enwetawo ikike nke ndị agha dịka "Ihe kachasị njọ na mberede na gburugburu ebe obibi." E mewo atụmatụ na 20% nke nrụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi gburugburu ụwa bụ n'ihi agha na ọrụ ndị metụtara ya.

N'akuku ọnụ na ọdachi ndị a gburugburu ebe obibi nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na-arịwanye elu, ọ bụ ahia ahịa na-aga n'ihu na mmefu ego nke United States n'etiti nchebe ndị agha na ezi nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ. United States na-eme ka ihe karịrị 30 pasent nke gas na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa nile na ikuku, nke pasent ise nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụwa na US militarism mere. Iberibe ego gọọmenti etiti mba United States na-azụkọ ego, ume, gburugburu ebe obibi, ọrụ mmadụ, ụlọ na ọrụ ọhụrụ, na-enweta ego karịa ego ndị agha / nchebe. Onye odeakwụkwọ nke mbụ Labour Labour Robert Reich akpọwo atụmatụ mmefu ego nke onye ọrụ ụtụ isi na-akwado ọrụ ego ma na-arụ ọrụ maka reprioritizing gọọmenti etiti na-emefu ọrụ na ike green, ike akwụkwọ na akụrụngwa - ezigbo nchebe mba.

Ka anyị gbanwee mmiri. Mmeghari udo: bido ime nyocha iji leba anya na ikuku CO2 nke ndị agha na-egbu ụwa anyị. Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ: kwuo okwu doro anya megide agha na mbibi. Ya mere, ana m akpọ ndị niile na-arụ ọrụ ihu igwe nke ọgbọ niile oku siri ike:

'Na-agbachitere ihu igwe site na ịghọ onye ọrụ udo na mgbochi militarist'.

Ria Verjauw / ICBUW / Leuvense Vredesbeweging

Sources:

ufpj-peacetalk- Ihe mere ịkwụsị agha dị mkpa maka ịkwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe | Elaine Graham-Leigh

Elaine Graham-Leigh, akwụkwọ: 'Nri nke Austerity: Klas, Nri na Ngbanwe Igwe'

http://www.bandepleteduranium.org/en/index.html

https://truthout.org/articles/the-military-assault-on-global-climate/

Ian Angus, Iguzogide Anthropocene - Nyochaa Mgbasaozi Nyocha 2016), p.161