By Mel Gurtov
Dị ka a tụrụ anya ya, Courtlọ ikpe na-ekpe ikpe na-adịgide adịgide n'okpuru UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) kpebiri na July 12 maka nkwado nke Philippines iji kwupụta ebubo ndị China na South China Sea (SCS) na-akwadoghị. * N’akụkụ ọ bụla, ụlọ ikpe ahụ chọpụtara na ebubo ndị China - nke ihe akpọrọ “akara itoolu” kọwara - na mpaghara oke osimiri na ihe ndị dị n’okpuru ya bụ iwu na-akwadoghị, yabụ na iweghachi ala ya na ọrụ iwu ya n’agwaetiti ndị ahụ na-emebi na mpaghara akụ na ụba nke Philippines. Agbanyeghị na mkpebi a agbatịghị na esemokwu nke ọbụbụeze na agwaetiti SCS, o mere ka esemokwu oke ahụ doo anya. Mkpebi a chọpụtakwara na China mejọrọ gburugburu mmiri site na iwuru agwaetiti ndị a na-ejegharị ejegharị, itinye aka n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na ịkụ azụ na nchọpụta mmanụ nke Filipinz, yana "ime ka esemokwu ahụ na Philippines ka njọ site na ọrụ ya. (Ederede nke nchịkwa bụ na https://www.scribd.com/document/318075282/Permanent-Court-of-Arbitration-PCA-on-the-West-Philippine-Sea-Arbitration#download).
China ekpebiela nzaghachi ya ọtụtụ ọnwa gara aga. Ozi ala ọzọ nke mba ọzọ kwupụtara na mkpebi ụlọ ikpe mkpezi bụ “ihe efu na enweghị isi.” Nkwupụta ahụ kwughachiri ọbụbụeze China na agwaetiti SCS. O kwusiri ike na nguzo nke China kwekọrọ na iwu mba ụwa, echiche nke na-enweghị oghere na ya na-agọnahụ ikike nke ụlọ ikpe mkpezi, ma ọ dịkarịrị mkpebi ya. Nkwupụta a na-ekwu na China na-etinye aka na mkparịta ụka ya na ndị nwere mmasị yana idozi esemokwu n'udo. mana “gbasara okwu gbasara mpaghara na esemokwu gbasara oke mmiri, China anaghị anabata ụzọ atọ nke mmezi esemokwu nke atọ ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla emere na China” (Xinhua, July 12, 2016, “Nkwupụta zuru oke.”)
N'ihe niile, ọ bụ ụbọchị ọjọọ n'ụlọ ikpe maka ndị Republic. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekwe nkwa ịghara irube isi na mkpebi ahụ, nke pụtara na China ga-aga n'ihu na-agbachitere agwaetiti ndị a na-ese okwu ma na-agbachitere "isi ihe" ya ebe ahụ - ndị agha mmiri ya mere mmemme ọkụ ọkụ mbụ ya na SCS ụbọchị tupu mkpebi ụlọ ikpe ahụ - ihe ngosi bụ na ihe ndị China na-azọrọ na ha bụ “nnukwu ike dị ukwuu” Onye isi ala Xi Jinping egosila na 2014 na China kwesịrị inwe "amụma mba ofesi ike ya nwere njirimara pụrụ iche," nke ọ kpọrọ "isii isii" (liuge jianchi). E chere na ụkpụrụ ndị a ga-emepụta “ụdị mmekọrịta mba ụwa ọhụrụ,” tinyekwara echiche ndị dị ka “imekọ ihe ọnụ na mmeri,” olu bụ isi maka mba na-emepe emepe, na ịgbachitere ikpe ziri ezi nke mba ụwa. Mana isii isii ahụ gụnyekwara "ịhapụ ịhapụ ikike na ọdịmma anyị dabara adaba" (zhengdang quanyi), nke na-abụkarị ihe ngọpụ maka ime ihe n'ụzọ megidere ibu ọrụ mba ụwa. (Lee: http://world.people.com.cn/n/2014/1201/c1002-26128130.html.)
Ndị isi China tụrụ anya n'ezie na ịbanye na raye UNCLOS ga-abara mba ahụ uru. Ọ ga egosiputa ntinye China na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa, gosipụta nsọpụrụ China maka ikike ụgbọ mmiri nke ndị ọzọ (ọkachasị ndị agbata obi ya Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia) yana ịkọwa ikike nke ya, ma kwado nyocha okpuru mmiri maka akụrụngwa. Mana nkwekọrịta anaghị abụ mgbe niile ka a tụrụ anya ya. Ugbu a iwu gbanwere ya, ndị China na-achọ na mberede ịkagbu ụlọ ikpe UNCLOS na ịkọwapụta ebumnuche nke mgbakọ ahụ. Ọ bụghị ọtụtụ gọọmentị nwere ike ịkwado ụdị ndahie a.
Ndi United States, obu ezie na ha na akwado nkwado onodu Philippines, odighi ihe obi uto banyere ya. Nke mbụ, US abanyela aka ma ọ bụ kwado UNCLOS, yabụ nọ n'ọnọdụ adịghị ike ịgbagha maka nnọchite ya ma ọ bụ ịrịọ maka iwu mba ụwa na "usoro dabere na iwu 'mgbe gọọmentị mebiri otu (dị ka ijide Russia nke Crimea). Nke abụọ, dịka China, US anaghị ele iwu mba ụwa anya mgbe ọ bụla “ọdịmma mba” nọ n'ihe ize ndụ. Ma n'ihe banyere Courtlọikpe Ikpe Mba Nile ma ọ bụ ụlọ ikpe mba ụwa ọ bụla, US anabatabeghị echiche nke ikike mmanye, na n'ezie ọ na-akpa ike mgbe niile dị ka a ga-asị na ọ bụ enweghi site na iwu na iwu. Ya mere, dịkwa ka China, ibu ọrụ US dị ka nnukwu ike anaghị anabata nkwanye ùgwù na nrapara na nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta mba ụwa, ndị ọrụ iwu mba ụwa (dịka International Criminal Court), ma ọ bụ usoro iwu mba ụwa (dịka ndị metụtara enweghị mgbochi, mgbukpọ , na mmekpa ahụ). (Lee: www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2014/05/america-and-international-law.) Na US na China, na nkenke, na-ekwu okwu ahụ mana anaghị aga ije ahụ-belụsọ na iwu nyere iwu ya.
Nke ahụ bụ ezigbo ihe mmụta ebe a - enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ndị ike dị ukwuu, ụzọ ha si achọ ọdịmma onwe ha naanị maka iwu mba ụwa, yana oke ikike ụlọ ọrụ iwu nwere igbochi omume ha. Ikekwe n'okwu SCS China na Philippines, ugbu a n'okpuru onye isi oche ọhụrụ, ga-ahụ ụzọ ha laghachi na tebụl na-akparịta ụka wee rụọ ọrụ nke ga-eme ka okwu gbasara ọbụbụeze sie ike mgbe niile. (Lee ikpeazụ m post na isiokwu: https://mgurtov.wordpress.com/2016/06/11/post-119-too-close-for-comfort-the-dangerous-us-china-maritime-dispute/.) Nke ahụ ga-adị mma; ma ọ gaghị edozi nsogbu bụ́ isi nke otu a pụrụ isi kwalite ma mee ka omume ịsọpụrụ iwu dịrị n ’ụwa mgbe ọgba aghara na-adịkarị.
* Ụlọikpe ahụ, onye ọrụ ya na SCS dị na 2013, bụ ndị ikpe sitere na Ghana, Poland, Netherlands, France, na Germany.
