Obodo WWII nke ime obodo China, South Israel Prebby WWIII

Site David Swanson

Akụkọ banyere agha igbu ọchụ na nzuzu nke United States nwere ike icheta ụbọchị ncheta ụbọchị 1 na mbụ, na-amalite na mgbukpọ nke ụmụ amaala bi n'ala ahụ, mwakpo nke Canada, wdg, na site n'ụbọchị ahụ ruo n'ụbọchị ahụ ruo Nke a bụ ọtụtụ ụzọ mgbapụ na-egbu egbu ịdepụta.

Mana otu ụzọ gọọmentị US si abanye onwe ya n'ọgba aghara nke ogbugbu mmadụ bụ site n'ịnụ ihe ọ chọrọ ịnụ. Ọbụna ọ na-aga n'ókè nke ikwe ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị US kachasị elu, mgbe ụfọdụ na-apụ apụ n'ọnụ ụzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke "ọrụ" ọha, na-arụ ọrụ na ụgwọ ọrụ na ọrụ nke mba ọzọ na-akwalite mgbasa ozi agha na ọha US.

A na-akpọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ James Bradley Mirage China: Akụkọ zoro ezo nke ọdachi America na China. Ọ bara uru ịgụ ya. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-eduga Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, China Lobby na United States mere ka ọha na eze United States kwenye, na ọtụtụ ndị isi US, na ndị China niile chọrọ ịghọ Ndị Kraịst, na Chaing Kai-shek bụ onye ndú onye kwuo uche ha hụrụ n'anya kama ịbụ onye ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Ọ bụ onye fasizim na-akụda mmụọ, na Mao Zedong bụ onye na-enweghị isi ọ nweghị onye na-aga ebe ọ bụla, na United States nwere ike ịkwado Chaing Kai-shek na ọ ga-eji ego ahụ lụso ndị Japan ọgụ, megidere iji ya lụso Mao ọgụ, yana United States. nwere ike itinye mmachi na-emebi emebi na Japan na-enweghị nzaghachi ndị agha Japan ọ bụla.

Ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-eduga ma ọ dịkarịa ala njedebe nke Agha Ụwa nke Atọ, Israel Lobby na United States emewo ka United States kwenye na Israel bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche kama ịbụ obodo Apartheid nwere ikike dabere na njirimara okpukpe. United States, bụ onye ka mebiri atụmatụ na United Nations maka Middle East na-enweghị ngwa agha-nke-oke-mbibi, ma mee ya na ọchịchọ nke nuklia Israel, na-agbaso ụzọ ọdachi nke Israel na Iraq, Syria, Iran. na mpaghara ndị ọzọ, na-achụso oke egwu nke Israel na-erube isi n'iwu nke onye na-adịghị adị adị karịa China nke Ndị Kraịst America nke mechara mee ka US mata obere agwaetiti Taiwan dị ka "ezigbo China."

Oke egwu nke nyere aka na "Parl Harbor ọhụrụ" nke 911, n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, adịghị ka nke ukwuu nke nyere Pearl Harbor n'onwe ya. Ndị US na-eche China dị ka ndọtị nke United States, ebe ọ bụ ezie na ha amaghị ihe ọ bụla gbasara China ma machibido onye ọ bụla China ịbanye na mba ahụ, mere ihe ọjọọ karịa ụwa karịa iche n'echiche Israel ka steeti 51st mezuru. Nye ya oge.

Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ Bradley, na ngalaba mbụ, na-ekpuchi ngwa ngwa ụfọdụ n'ime otu ala ahụ dị ịrịba ama ya Ụgbọ mmiri Imperial, Ọ ka bara ezigbo uru ịgụ - gụnyere ndị agha US nke Japan na agbamume Theodore Roosevelt nke ndị eze ukwu Japan. Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ahụ kpuchiri, karịa ka m hụworo n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọtụtụ ndị bara ọgaranya na ụlọ ọrụ nke East Coast United States na narị afọ nke 19 nwetara ego ha - gụnyere ego nna nna Franklin Delano Roosevelt - site n'ịre opium n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. na China. Azụmahịa opium dugara na agha opium na mwakpo ndị Britain na US na-ebuso na iweghara China, na-eji nsụgharị mbụ nke ihe US na-akpọ ugbu a n'ọtụtụ mba dị n'ụwa “Agreement of Forces.”

US jupụtara China na ndị na-ere ọgwụ ọjọọ, ndị ahịa nke ngwa ahịa ndị ọzọ, na ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst, ndị nke ikpeazụ na-enwechaghị ihe ịga nke ọma karịa ndị ọzọ, na-atụgharị mmadụ ole na ole. Otu onye ozi ala ọzọ bụ́ isi kwetara na n’ime afọ 10, ya emewo ka ndị China 10 ghọọ Iso Ụzọ Kraịst. Site n'ileba anya na azụmahịa ndị China na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, United States wuru ọwa mmiri Panama wee weghara Philippines, Guam, Hawaii, Cuba, na Puerto Rico. Site n'ile anya na-egbochi Russia pụọ ​​na ahia Pacific bara uru, Onye isi ala Theodore Roosevelt kwadoro mgbasawanye Japan na Korea na China, ma kparịta "udo" n'etiti Japan na Russia ka ya na Japan na-akpakọrịta na nzuzo na ụzọ ọ bụla. (Echo ọzọ nke Palestine "Usoro udo" nke US nọ n'akụkụ Israel na "nọpụ iche.") TR e nyere Nobel Peace Prize maka omume ahụ, nke ihe nrite na-eche na ọ bụghị otu onye Korea ma ọ bụ Chinese ka a jụrụ. Mgbe Woodrow Wilson jụrụ izute Hoh Chi Minh na-abụghị ndị ọcha na Paris, o sokwara na-enyefe Japan obodo ndị Germany na-ekwubu na China na-akpasu ndị China iwe, gụnyere Mao. Mkpụrụ nke agha n'ọdịnihu dị ntakịrị ma a na-ahụta nke ọma.

Gọọmentị US slant ga-esi na Japan gaa China n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ihe onyonyo nke onye ọrụ ugbo China nke ama ama Christian bụ ndị dị ka Atọ n'Ime Otu (nke mechara Duke) na Vanderbilt gụrụ akwụkwọ Charlie Soong, ụmụ ya nwanyị Ailing, Chingling na Mayling, na nwa Tse-ven (TV), yana di Mayling Chaing. Kai-shek, Henry Luce onye malitere Time mgbe a mụsịrị ha na mpaghara ndị ozi ala ọzọ na China, na Pearl Buck bụ ndị dere Ezi Earthwa mgbe otu ụdị nwata. TV Soong goro onye US Army Air Corps onye lara ezumike nka John Jouett na site na 1932 nwetara ikike niile nke US Army Air Corps ma nwee ndị nkuzi itoolu, dọkịta na-awa ụgbọ elu, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu anọ, na odeakwụkwọ, ndị US Air Corps zụrụ azụ mana ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ. maka Soong na China. Ọ bụ naanị mmalite enyemaka ndị agha US nyere China mere obere akụkọ na United States karịa ka o mere na Japan.

Na 1938, ebe Japan wakporo obodo ndị China, na Chaing na-alụ ọgụ, Chaing gwara onye isi mgbasa ozi Hollington Tong, onye bụbu nwa akwụkwọ nta akụkọ Mahadum Columbia, ka o ziga ndị ọrụ na United States iji were ndị ozi ala ọzọ US were nye ha ihe akaebe nke arụrụ arụ ndị Japan, were Frank Price (onye ozi ala ọzọ kacha amasị Mayling), na iweta ndị nta akụkọ na ndị ode akwụkwọ US ka ha dee akụkọ na akwụkwọ ndị mara mma. A mụrụ Frank Price na nwanne ya nwoke Harry Price na China, na-ezuteghị China nke ndị China. Ụmụnna ndị Price hiwere ụlọ ahịa na New York City, bụ́ ebe mmadụ ole na ole matara na ha na-arụrụ òtù òtù Soong-Chaing ọrụ. Mayling na Tong kenyere ha ime ka ndị America kweta na isi ihe na-eme ka udo dị na China bụ mmachibido iwu na Japan. Ha mepụtara kọmitii America maka enweghị ikere òkè na mmegide ndị Japan. Bradley dere, sị: “Ndị ọha na eze amataghị na ndị ozi ala ọzọ Manhattan ji ịdị uchu na-arụ ọrụ na East Fortieth Street iji zọpụta ndị Noble Peasants na-akwụ ndị ọrụ Lobby China ụgwọ na-etinye aka n'ihe omume megidere iwu na nke aghụghọ.”

Ana m ewere isi okwu Bradley na ọ bụghị na ndị ọrụ ala China abụghị ndị a ma ama, ọ bụghịkwa na Japan enweghị mmejọ, kama na mkpọsa mgbasa ozi mere ka ọtụtụ ndị America kwenye na Japan agaghị ebuso United States agha ma ọ bụrụ na United States ebipụ mmanụ na ígwè na Japan - nke bụ ụgha na echiche nke ndị na-ekiri ihe ọmụma na-egosi na ọ bụ ụgha na ihe omume.

Onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ nke steeti na odeakwụkwọ agha n'ọdịnihu Henry Stimson ghọrọ onye isi oche kọmitii ahụ, nke gbakwunyere ngwa ngwa ndị isi mbụ nke Harvard, Union Theological Seminary, Church Peace Union, Alliance for International Friendship, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. , Associate Boards of Christian Colleges na China, wdg Stimson na òtù ndị China na-akwụ ụgwọ na-ekwu na Japan agaghị ebuso United States agha ma ọ bụrụ na embargoed - a na-azọrọ chụrụ site na ndị maara na State Department na White House, ma a na-ekwu. mere n'oge mgbe United States na Japan enweghị ezigbo nkwurịta okwu.

Ọchịchọ ọha na eze ịkwụsị ibu agha Japan na-awakpo China yiri ihe na-amasị m ma na-emetụta ọchịchọ m ka US kwụsị ịkwado agha Saudi Arabia na Yemen, iji were otu ihe atụ nke ọtụtụ. Mana ikwu okwu nwere ike bute mmachi. Iwepụ ihe nzacha ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na okpukperechi iji hụ eziokwu dị na ala na China gaara enyere aka. Ịzere mmegharị egwu nke ndị agha mmiri US, ịkwaga ụgbọ mmiri na Hawaii na ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu na Pacific Islands gaara enye aka. Nhọrọ mgbochi agha dị nnọọ ukwuu karịa mmegide akụ na ụba nke Japan na mkparị na-abụghị nke nkwurịta okwu nye nsọpụrụ ndị Japan.

Ma ka ọ na-erule February 1940, Bradley na-ede, 75% nke ndị America kwadoro ịbanye Japan. Na ọtụtụ ndị America, n'ezie, achọghị agha. Ha azụrụla okwu nduhie ndị China Lobby.

FDR na odeakwụkwọ nke Treasury Henry Morgenthau guzobere ụlọ ọrụ n'ihu na mgbazinye ego na Chaing, na-aga n'azụ Secretary nke State Cordell Hull. FDR, ọ dị ka ọ bụghị naanị na-aga China Lobby mana ọ kwenyere n'ezie akụkọ ya - ọbụlagodi ruo otu isi. Nne ya, onye biri na China nke US mgbe ọ bụ nwata ya na nna ya na-akwa opium, bụ onye isi oche nsọpụrụ nke ma ndị China Aid Council na kọmitii America maka ụmụ mgbei China. Nwunye FDR bụ onye isi oche nsọpụrụ nke kọmitii enyemaka mberede nke China nke Pearl Buck. Ndị otu ndị ọrụ US puku abụọ kwadoro mmachi na Japan. Onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba mbụ nye onye isi ala US, Lauchlin Currie, rụrụ ọrụ maka FDR na Bank of China n'otu oge. Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Syndicated na onye ikwu Roosevelt Joe Alsop nwetara ego nlele sitere na TV Soong dị ka “onye ndụmọdụ” ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ya dị ka “onye odeakụkọ ebumnuche.” Bradley dere, sị: “Ọ dịghị onye mba Briten, Rọshịa, French, ma ọ bụ onye Japan, gaara ekweta na Chaing nwere ike ịghọ New Deal liberal.” Mana FDR yiri ka ọ kwenyere ya. Ya na Chaing na Mayling na-ekwurịta okwu na nzuzo, na-aga na Ngalaba Ọchịchị nke ya.

Ma FDR kwenyere na ọ bụrụ na a machibido ya, Japan ga-awakpo Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) na ihe ga-esi na agha ụwa gbasaa. Morgenthau, n'okwu Bradley, gbalịrị ugboro ugboro ịfefe site na mmachi mmachi na mmanụ ala na Japan, ebe FDR jụrụ. FDR bufere ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na Pearl Harbor, manye mmachibido iwu ụgbọ elu-mmanụ na mkpofu, na mbinye ego na Chaing. Ndị otu Soong-Chaing sokwa FDR White House rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta ụgbọ elu nke US nwetara ego, ndị US zụrụ na ndị ọrụ US maka China ga-eji na-awakpo obodo ndị Japan. Mgbe FDR jụrụ onye ndụmọdụ ya Tommy Corcoran ka ọ lelee onye ndu nke ndị agha ikuku ọhụrụ a, onye bụbu onye isi ụgbọ elu US Air Corps Claire Chennault, ọ ga-abụ na ọ maghị na ọ na-arịọ onye na-akwụ ụgwọ nke TV Soong ka ọ nye ya ndụmọdụ gbasara onye ọzọ nọ na ya. ịkwụ ụgwọ nke TV Soong.

Bradley kwuru na FDR debere atụmatụ agha ikuku Eshia ya n'aka ọha US. Otú ọ dị, na May 24, 1941, a New York Times kọrọ banyere ọzụzụ US nke ndị agha ikuku China, na inye "ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu ọgụ na bọmbụ" na United States nyere China. “A na-atụ anya ịtụ bọmbụ a ga-atụ n’obodo ndị Japan,” ka isiokwu nta ahụ gụrụ. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ “zobere nzuzo” n'echiche nke ndepụta igbu mmadụ Obama bụ ihe nzuzo n'agbanyeghị na ọ pụtara na New York Times. A naghị atụle ya n'akwụsịghị akwụsị n'ihi na ọ dabara nke ọma n'ime obere akụkọ nwere obi ụtọ. A na-edobe “edemede mbụ nke akụkọ ntolite” mgbe niile n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ga-adị ndụ n'ime iri afọ n'ọdịnihu.

Ma Bradley ziri ezi na nke a abụghị ihe nzuzo sitere na Japan. Ọ gụnyekwara ihe m na-echetaghị na m maara na mbụ, ya bụ na Chennault kwetara na mgbe ụgbọ mmiri bu ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri si San Francisco gawa Eshia na Julaị 1941, ndị ikom ya nụrụ otu mgbasa ozi redio nke Japan na-anya isi, sị, “Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ agaghị erute China ma ọlị. A ga-akụ ya. " Nakwa na July, FDR kwadoro mmemme ịgbazinye ego maka China: ndị agha 269 ọzọ na ndị na-atụ bọmbụ 66, ma kpochie akụ ndị Japan. Ihe ndị a niile bụ akụkụ nke usoro ogologo oge na nke sara mbara nke Bradley gaara zụlite nke ọma. Mana ọ na-enye nkọwa ụfọdụ na-adọrọ mmasị na nkọwa dị omimi banyere ha, na-ekwubi na osote odeakwụkwọ nke steeti Dean Acheson kpọbatara United States n'ime Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ site n'ịchọ ịgọnarị mmanụ US ọ bụla na Japan otu ọnwa, malite mgbe FDR na Winston na-agba izu. Churchill nọ n'ụgbọ mmiri na ịmepụta ihe a ga-akpọ Atlantic Charter.

Na akaụntụ Bradley Hull mụtara maka mmachi ahụ, otu ọnwa gachara, na Septemba 4, 1941, wee gwa FDR ụbọchị ahụ. Mana ha na-ahọrọ ịhapụ ya na-agbanweghị ka n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, a ga-ahụta ya dị ka ikwe ka Japan nweta mmanụ "karịa" karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ. N'oge a mmachibido iwu a bụ akụkọ ọha na Japan otu ọnwa. FDR nwere ike nweta akụkọ banyere akụkọ Japan, yana ịkọwapụta nzikọrịta ozi gọọmentị Japan nzuzo, ọ bụghị ikwu na ya na onye nnọchi anya Japan zutere n'oge ahụ. Nzikọrịta ozi agbasaghị n'ezie na 1941 karịa ihe ha bụ mgbe Texas were ogologo oge ịmata na ịgba ohu akwụsịla?

N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, mgbe Japan hụrụ na mmachibido iwu ahụ na-adịgide adịgide, ọ gaghị n'ihu n'ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-agafeghị oke dịka China Lobby na-ekwukarị na ọ ga-eme. Kama ọ ghọrọ ọchịchị aka ike ndị agha. Ka ọ dịgodị Time magazin ahụ nọ na-atụ anya n’ihu ọha na agha Amerịka na Briten ga-alụ n’akụkụ China ga-eme ka ndị China gbanwee ghọọ Ndị Kraịst. Myirịta dị na ọnụ ụlọ Israel bụ n'ezie ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi nke Ndị Kraịst kwenyere na Israel na-eduga n'ụzọ ụfọdụ e buru n'amụma n'ọdịnihu nke nnukwu ọdachi.

Okwu Mayling Soong gwara ndị omebe iwu US na February 1943 megidere Bibi Netanyahu nke 2015 maka oke ofufe, aghụghọ, na nraranye nye ike mba ofesi aghụghọ. Nzube ahụ ga-aga n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Lobby Vietnamese Katọlik ga-abanye na egwuregwu ahụ. US agaghị anabata Mao's China ruo mgbe e belatara ya ime Richard Nixon onye isi ala. Maka akaụntụ zuru ezu, ana m akwado akwụkwọ Bradley.

Ma echere m na akwụkwọ ahụ nwere oghere ụfọdụ. Ọ chọghị imetụ aka na ọchịchọ FDR maka agha na Germany, ma ọ bụ uru ya na nchịkwa ya nke agha Japan dị ka isi ihe na-abanye ma Atlantic na Pacific agha. Ihe na-esote m dere banyere mbụ.

Kedu ihe bụ egwuregwu FDR?

Na Disemba 7, 1941, FDR weputara nkwupụta agha na Japan na Germany, mana o kpebiri na ọ gaghị arụ ọrụ wee soro Japan naanị ya. Germany, dị ka a tụrụ anya ya, kwusara agha na United States ngwa ngwa.

FDR agbalịwo ịgha ụgha nye ndị America banyere ụgbọ mmiri US gụnyere nke Greer na Kerny, bụ nke na-enyere ụgbọ elu ndị Britain aka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri German, ma nke Roosevelt mere ka a ghaghị wakpo ya.

Roosevelt ghaghakwala na o nwere ihe omimi nke Nazi nke na-achota mmeri nke South America, tinyere usoro nzuzo nke Nazi iji dochie okpukpe nile na Nazism.

N'ihe dị ka December 6, 1941, pasent 80 nke ọha na eze na United States megidere ịbanye agha. Ma, Roosevelt esetịpụla akwụkwọ ahụ, rụọ ọrụ na National Guard, kere nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri na oké osimiri abụọ, na-ere ndị ochie na-ebibi England na-agbanwe maka nkwụsị nke ntọala ya na Caribbean na Bermuda, ma na nzuzo nyere iwu ka e mepụta ndepụta nke ọ bụla Japanese na Japanese-American onye nọ na United States.

N'April 28, 1941, Churchill degara ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ọchịchị ya akwụkwọ nzuzo: “Ọ nwere ike bụrụ ihe doro anya na mbata Japan ịbanye n'agha ahụ ga-esochi ịbanye United States n'akụkụ anyị ozugbo."

Na August 18, 1941, Churchill zutere ụlọ ọrụ ya na 10 Downing Street. Nzukọ ahụ nwere ihe yiri nke July 23, 2002, na-ezukọ n'otu adreesị ahụ, nkeji nke a bịara mara dị ka Downing Street Minutes. Nzukọ abụọ ahụ kpugheere ihe nzuzo nzuzo US iji gaa agha. Na nzukọ 1941, Churchill gwara ụlọ ọrụ ya, dị ka nkeji ole na ole ahụ si kwuo: "Onyeisi ahụ kwuru na ya ga-ebuso agha ma ọ bụghị ikwupụta ya." Tụkwasị na nke a, "A ghaghị ime ihe niile iji mee ka ihe kpatara ya."

Site na etiti 1930s ndị ọrụ udo nke US - ndị ahụ nwere oke iwe banyere agha US na - adịbeghị anya - na - aga imegide mmegide US nke Japan na US Navy atụmatụ maka agha na Japan - Machị 8, 1939, nke nke akọwapụtara "agha na-ewe iwe nke ogologo oge ”nke ga-ebibi ndị agha ma mebie ndụ akụ na ụba nke Japan.

Na Jenụwarị 1941, na Japan Advertiser gosipụtara iwe ya banyere Pearl Harbor na nchịkọta akụkọ, onye nnọchi anya US na Japan dere na akwụkwọ ndekọ ya: “Enwere ọtụtụ okwu gburugburu obodo na ndị Japan, ọ bụrụ na ha na United States ezumike, na-eme atụmatụ pụọ na mwakpo na mberede na Pearl Harbor. N'ezie agwara m gọọmentị m. ”

Na February 5, 1941, Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner degaara Secretary nke War Henry Stimson ka o dọọ aka ná ntị na o nwere ike ibuso m agha na Pearl Harbor.

Dị ka e kwuru, malite n'afọ 1932, United States na China na-akparịta ụka banyere ịnye ụgbọ elu, ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu, na ọzụzụ maka agha ya na Japan. Na Nọvemba 1940, Roosevelt gbaziri China otu narị nde dollar maka agha ya na Japan, mgbe ya na ndị Britain kpakọrịtakwara, odeakwụkwọ nke Akụkụ nke United States Henry Morgenthau mere atụmatụ iziga ndị ogbunigwe China na ndị ọrụ US ka ha jiri bombu Tokyo na obodo Japan ndị ọzọ.

Na Disemba 21, 1940, Minista ego nke China TV Soong na Colonel Claire Chennault, onye agha US lagoro ezumike nka bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị China ma na-agba ha ume ka ha jiri ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu America tụọ bọmbụ Tokyo kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala 1937, zutere na nri Henry Morgenthau. ime ụlọ iji hazie ogbunigwe ọkụ nke Japan. Morgenthau kwuru na ya nwere ike ịhapụ ndị ikom n'ọrụ na US Army Air Corps ma ọ bụrụ na ndị China nwere ike ịkwụ ha $1,000 kwa ọnwa. Soong kwetara.

Ka ọ na-erule ọnwa Julaị, thelọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Agha Na-ahụ Maka Nkwado kwadoro atụmatụ a na-akpọ JB 355 iji gbaa Japan ọkụ. Frontlọ ọrụ dị n'ihu ga-azụ ụgbọ elu America nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo America nke Chennault zụrụ wee kwụọ ụgwọ site n'aka ndị otu ọzọ. Roosevelt kwadoro, na ọkachamara China ya bụ Lauchlin Currie, n'okwu Nicholson Baker, "jiri Madame Chaing Kai-Shek na Claire Chennault ziga akwụkwọ ozi nke rịọrọ ka ndị nledo Japan gbochie ha." Ma ọ bụ na ọ bụ ya bụ isi okwu, nke a bụ akwụkwọ ozi ahụ: “Obi dị m ezigbo ụtọ na m ga-enwe ike ịkọ akụkọ taa Onye isi ala nyere iwu ka e nwee bọmbụ iri isii na isii na China n’afọ a na-ewepụta iri abụọ na anọ ozugbo. Ọ kwadoro usoro ọzụzụ ọzụzụ ndị China ebe a. Nkọwa site na ọwa nkịtị. Ezi ekele."

Ndị otu Volunteer 1st American (AVG) nke China Air Force, nke a makwaara dị ka Flying Tigers (logo mechara mee nke Walt Disney, dị ka Bradley kwuru), gara n'ihu na nnabata na ọzụzụ ozugbo wee nye ya China tupu Pearl Harbor.

Na May 31, 1941, na Keep America Out of War Congress, William Henry Chamberlin nyere ịdọ aka ná ntị jọgburu onwe ya: “Nchịkọta akụnụba zuru oke nke Japan, nkwụsị nke mbupụ mmanụ, ga-eme ka Japan banye n'aka ndị Axis. Agha akụ na ụba ga-abụ mmalite nke agha mmiri na agha. ”

Na Julaị 24, 1941, Onye isi ala Roosevelt kwuru, sị, “Ọ bụrụ na anyị ebipụ mmanụ ahụ, [ndị Japan] gaara agbadata na Dutch East Indies otu afọ gara aga, ma ị gaara enwe agha. Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa site n'echiche nke ịchọ ọdịmma onwe onye nanị anyị iji gbochie agha ịmalite na South Pacific. Ya mere amụma mba ofesi anyị nọ na-agbalị ịkwụsị agha ibido ebe ahụ.” Ndị nta akụkọ chọpụtara na Roosevelt kwuru na "bụ" kama "bụ." N'echi ya, Roosevelt nyere iwu onye isi na-ekpochapụ akụ ndị Japan. United States na Briten gbupụrụ mmanụ na ihe mkpofu na Japan, ma Acheson n'ezie zoro Roosevelt a gara aga ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Radhabinod Pal, onye ọkàiwu India nke jere ozi n'ụlọ ikpe mpụ agha mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, kpọrọ mmachibido iwu ahụ “ihe iyi egwu doro anya na nke nwere ike imebi ịdị adị Japan,” ma kwubie na United States kpasuru Japan iwe.

Na August 7, 1941, na Japan Times Advertiser dere, sị: "Na mbụ, e nwere ihe ndị e kere eke na Singapore, nke ndị agha Briten na Alaeze Ukwu kwadoro. Site na ulo a, e wuru nnukwu wiil ma jikọta ya na ebe ndị America na-etolite akwa ụda na nnukwu ebe n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ site na Philippines site na Malaya na Burma, na njikọ ahụ gbajiri naanị n'ime ala dị na Thailand. Ugbu a, a na-atụ aro ka ị gụnyere narrows na gburugburu, nke na-aga Rangoon. "

Ka ọ na-erule September, ndị Japan na-ewe iwe iwe na United States amalitela iziga mmanụ tupu Japan eruo Russia. Japan, akwụkwọ akụkọ ya kwuru, na-anwụ ọnwụ ngwa ngwa site na "agha akụ na ụba."

N'ọnwa October, onye nledo US bụ Edgar Mower nọ na-arụ ọrụ maka Colonel William Donovan onye lere anya maka Roosevelt. Mower gwara otu nwoke bi na Manila aha ya bụ Ernest Johnson, onye so n'Òtù Maritime Commission, bụ onye kwuru na ọ tụrụ anya na "ndị Japs ga-eburu Manila tupu m apụ apụ." Mgbe Mower kwupụtara ihe ijuanya, Johnson zara "Ị ma Japan ụgbọ mmiri agafewo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ikekwe ịwakpo ụgbọ mmiri anyị na Pearl Harbor? "

Na Nọvemba 3, 1941, onye nnọchi anya mba US zigara ozi nke United States ogologo ọkwa nke ịdọ aka na ntị na mmachi akụ na ụba nwere ike ịmanye Japan ime "mba hara-kiri." O dere, sị: “Ọgụ a na-alụbu na United States nwere ike ịda na mberede ma dị egwu.”

Na Nọvemba 15, Onye isi ndị agha nke US George Marshall kọọrọ ndị nta akụkọ gbasara ihe anyị na-echetaghị dịka “Atụmatụ Marshall.” N'ezie anyị anaghị echeta ya ma ọlị. "Anyị na-akwado agha iwe megide Japan," ka Marshall kwuru, na-arịọ ndị nta akụkọ ka ha debe ya na nzuzo, nke m matara na ha mere n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Bọchị iri ka nke odeakwụkwọ nke War Stimson dere n'akwụkwọ edemede ya na ya ga-ezute na Office Oval na Marshall, Onye isi ala Roosevelt, odeakwụkwọ nke Navy Frank Knox, Admiral Harold Stark, na odeakwụkwọ nke State Cordell Hull. Roosevelt gwara ha na ndị Japan nwere ike ịwakpo n'oge na-adịghị anya, ikekwe Mọnde na-esote.

Edere ya nke ọma na United States emebila koodu ndị Japan na Roosevelt nwere ike ịnweta ha. Ọ bụ site na intercept nke ozi akpọrọ Purple code Roosevelt chọpụtara atụmatụ Germany ịwakpo Russia. Ọ bụ Hull bụ onye kpughere ndị Japan mgbasa ozi, na-ebute na November 30, 1941, isiokwu bụ "Japanese May Strike Over Weekend."

Na Monday na-esote Disemba 1st, ụbọchị isii tupu ọgụ ahụ abịa n'ezie. "Ajụjụ ahụ," ka Stimson dere, "bụ otu anyị ga-esi duhie ha n'ọnọdụ nke ịgba egbe mbụ na-enweghị ikwe ka oke ihe egwu dịrị anyị. Ọ bụ okwu siri ike. ”

Bọchị mgbe ọgụ ahụ gasịrị, ndị omeiwu tozuru oke ịlụ agha. Nwa nwanyị Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin (R., Mont.) Guzo naanị ya na ịme ntuli aka mba. Otu afọ mgbe ntuli aka ahụ gasịrị, na Disemba 8, 1942, Rankin tinyere okwu ogologo na Congressional Record na-akọwa mmegide ya. O zoro aka na ọrụ nke onye mgbasa ozi Britain nke rụrụ ụka na 1938 maka iji Japan mee ka United States banye agha ahụ. O hotara ntụaka nke Henry Luce na Life magazin na July 20, 1942, na "ndị China nke ndị United States nyefere na njedebe na Pearl Harbor." O gosipụtara ihe àmà na Nzukọ Atlantic na August 12, 1941, Roosevelt gwara Churchill na United States ga-eweta nrụgide akụ na ụba na Japan. "M kwuru, sị," Rankin mesịrị dee, "Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke State Department nke December 20, 1941, nke kpughere na na September 3 nkwurịta okwu ezigara Japan na-achọ ka ọ nakwere ụkpụrụ 'nondisturbance nke ọnọdụ quo na Pacific, 'bụ nke na-achọsi ike na-egosi na ndị mmadụ enweghị mmasị na alaeze ukwu ahụ dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa. "

Rankin choputara na Economic Economic Defense Board enwetala ikikere mmepe iwu na-erughị otu izu mgbe ogbako Atlantic. Na December 2, 1941, na New York Times ekwu eziokwu na Japan "ebipụla ihe dịka 75 pasent nke ahịa ya site na ngọngọ nke Allied." Rankin kwukwara okwu nke Lieutenant Clarence E. Dickinson, USN, na Saturday Saturday Post nke October 10, 1942, na November 28, 1941, ụbọchị itoolu tupu agha ahụ, Vice Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., (ọ bụ okwu mkpọsa "Kwụsịa Japs! Kwụsị Japs!") nyere ya ntụziaka na ndị ọzọ "na-agba ihe ọ bụla anyị hụrụ na mbara igwe ma na-atụ bọmbụ ihe ọ bụla anyị hụrụ n'elu oké osimiri."

General George Marshall kwenyere na Congress na 1945: na koodu ahụ agbajiela, na United States ebutewo nkwekọrịta Anglo-Dutch-American maka imekọ ihe megide Japan ma tinye ha n'ọrụ tupu Pearl Harbor, nakwa na United States nwere bụrụ ndị isi nke ndị agha ya na China maka ọrụ agha n'ihu Pearl Harbor.

Onye isi oche Roosevelt na ndị isi ndị ọrụ ya mere ihe ncheta October 1940 nke Lieutenant Commander Arthur H. McCollum dere. Ọ kpọrọ oku maka omume asatọ McCollum buru n'amụma ga - eduga ndị Japan ịwakpo, gụnyere ịhazi maka iji ntọala Britain na Singapore na iji ntọala Dutch mee ihe ugbu a bụ Indonesia, na-enyere gọọmentị China aka, na-ezipụ nkewa nke ogologo oge ndị nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri na Philippines ma ọ bụ Singapore, na-ezipụ abụọ nke ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri na "ndị Ọwụwa Anyanwụ," na-edebe isi ike nke ụgbọ mmiri na Hawaii, na-ekwusi ike na ndị Dutch agọnarị mmanụ Japanese, ma na-etinye Japan ahịa niile na mmekorita na Alaeze Ukwu Britain .

Thebọchị sochiri akwụkwọ ncheta McCollum, Ngalaba na-ahụ maka Ọchịchị gwara ndị America ka ha kwapụ mba ndị dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, Roosevelt nyere iwu ka ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nọrọ na Hawaii n'ihi nnukwu nkwenye nke Admiral James O. Richardson bụ onye hotara Onye isi ala na-ekwu "N'oge na-adịghị anya ndị Japan ga-eme ihe imegide United States na mba ahụ ga-adị njikere ịbanye agha ahụ.

Ozi Admiral Harold Stark zigaara Admiral Husband Kimmel na Nọvemba 28, 1941, gụrụ, “Ọ B IFR IF NA IFB HGHOST OSTLỌ N’OSTBOSTGHOST REB RERPE CBOSTRANN N’ AVB UNGHAP AVBANRAP APB COMRM JAPAN NA-EME EME MBU.”

Joseph Rochefort, onye bụ isi nke ngalaba ọgụgụ isi nkwukọrịta nke ndị agha mmiri, bụ onye nyere aka n'ịghara ịgwa Pearl Harbor ihe na-abịa, ga-emesịa kwuo, sị: "Ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa dị ọnụ ala mara mma ịkwụ maka ijikọ mba ahụ."

N'abalị ahụ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Onye isi ala Roosevelt nwere onye mgbasa ozi CBS News bụ Edward R. Murrow na onye nhazi ozi nke Roosevelt William Donovan ga-eri nri abalị na White House, na Onye isi ala niile chọrọ ịma bụ ma ndị America ugbu a ga-anabata agha. Donovan na Murrow mesiri ya obi ike na ndị mmadụ ga-anabata agha ugbu a. Donovan mechara gwa onye na-enyere ya aka na ịtụnanya Roosevelt abụghị nke ndị ọzọ gbara ya gburugburu, na ya onwe ya, Roosevelt, nabatara mwakpo ahụ. Murrow enweghị ike ihi ụra n'abalị ahụ wee nwee nsogbu na ndụ ya niile site na ihe ọ kpọrọ "akụkọ kachasị ukwuu nke ndụ m" nke ọ na-agwaghị.