Site na WILPF, IPB, WBW, Nọvemba 6, 2022
Ezigbo odeakwụkwọ onye isi Stiell na onye isi Violetti,
N'ịga n'ihu na Nzukọ nke Ndị otu (COP) 27 na Egypt, òtù anyị, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), International Peace Bureau na World BEYOND War, na-ejikọta ọnụ na-edegara gị akwụkwọ ozi a mepere emepe gbasara nchegbu anyị gbasara mmetụta ọjọọ nke ikuku agha na mmefu na nsogbu ihu igwe. Ka ọgụ ọgụ na-ada na Ukraine, Etiopia na South Caucasus, anyị na-enwe nchegbu nke ukwuu na mpụta na mmefu agha na-emebi ọganihu na nkwekọrịta Paris.
Anyị na-arịọ ndị odeakwụkwọ nke United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCCC) ka ha mee ọmụmụ ihe pụrụ iche na ịkọ akụkọ ọha na eze banyere ikuku carbon nke agha na agha. Anyị na-arịọkwa ka Secretary Secretariat na-amụ ma na-akọ banyere mmefu agha n'ihe gbasara ego ihu igwe. Ọ na-ewute anyị na mpụta na mmefu ndị agha na-aga n'ihu na-arị elu, na-egbochi ikike mba dị iche iche ibelata na ime mgbanwe na nsogbu ihu igwe. Anyị na-echegbukwa onwe anyị na agha na agha na-aga n'ihu n'etiti mba na-emebi mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke dị mkpa iji nweta nkwekọrịta Paris na United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Kemgbe mmalite ya, UNFCCC etinyebeghị usoro COP gbasara ikuku carbon sitere na ndị agha na agha. Anyị ghọtara na Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) achọpụtala ohere nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na-enye aka na esemokwu ime ihe ike mana IPCC atụleghị oke ikuku sitere na ndị agha na mgbanwe ihu igwe. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ndị agha bụ ndị kasị na-eji mmanụ ọkụ na nnukwu ikuku carbon na gọọmentị nke ndị otu steeti. Ndị agha United States bụ ndị kacha eji ngwaahịa mmanụ ala na mbara ala. Ọnụ ego nke agha na Mahadum Brown wepụtara akụkọ na 2019 nke isiokwu ya bụ "Pentagon Fuel Use, Climate Change, and Costs of War" nke gosipụtara na ikuku carbon nke ndị agha US buru ibu karịa ọtụtụ mba Europe. Ọtụtụ mba na-etinye ego n'ime usoro ngwa ọgụ ọhụrụ nke mmanụ ọkụ, dị ka ụgbọ elu agha, ụgbọ mmiri agha na ụgbọ ala agha, nke ga-eme ka mkpọchi carbon banye ọtụtụ iri afọ ma gbochie mmebi ngwa ngwa. Otú ọ dị, ha enweghị atụmatụ zuru oke iji mebie ikuku nke ndị agha ma nweta nkwụsịtụ carbon site na 2050. Anyị na-arịọ ka UNFCCC tinye usoro nke COP na-esote okwu gbasara agha na agha.
N'afọ gara aga, mmefu agha zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru $ 2.1 trillion (USD), dị ka Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Ise kacha akwụ ụgwọ agha bụ United States, China, India, United Kingdom na Russia. Na 2021, US mefuru $801 ijeri na ndị agha ya, nke ruru 40% nke mmefu agha ụwa yana karịa mba itoolu na-esote. N'afọ a, nchịkwa Biden abawanyela mmefu agha US ruo ijeri $ 840 dị elu. N'ụzọ dị iche na mmefu ego US maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, bụ naanị ijeri $9.5. Gọọmenti Britain na-ezube imefu ego ndị agha na-emefu okpukpu abụọ ruo £100 ijeri site na 2030. Nke ka njọ bụ na gọọmentị Britain kwupụtara na ọ ga-ebelata ego ha na-enweta site na mgbanwe ihu igwe na enyemaka mba ọzọ iji na-etinyekwu ego na ngwá agha na Ukraine. Germany kwuputara nkwalite ijeri euro 100 maka mmefu agha ya. Na mmefu ego gọọmentị kacha ọhụrụ, Canada kwalitere mmefu ego nchekwa ya ugbu a na ijeri $ 35 / afọ site na ijeri $ 8 n'ime afọ ise na-esote. Ndị otu North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) na-abawanye mmefu agha iji mezuo ebumnuche 2% GDP. Akụkọ mmefu nchekwa kachasị ọhụrụ nke NATO na-egosi na mmefu agha maka mba iri atọ ya ebiliwo nke ukwuu n'ime afọ 7 gara aga site na ijeri $ 896 ruo $ 1.1 trillion USD kwa afọ, nke bụ 52% nke mmefu agha ụwa (Chart 1). Mmụba a karịrị ijeri $211 kwa afọ, nke karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke nkwa ego ihu igwe.
N'afọ 2009 na COP 15 na Copenhagen, mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ bara ọgaranya kwere nkwa iguzobe ego ijeri $100 kwa afọ site na 2020 iji nyere mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe aka ime mgbanwe maka nsogbu ihu igwe, mana ha erubeghị ebumnuche a. Ọktoba gara aga, mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Canada na Germany na-eduzi bipụtara atụmatụ nnyefe ego ihu igwe na-ekwu na ọ ga-ewe ruo 2023 iji mezuo nkwa ha ịchịkọta $100 ijeri kwa afọ site na Green Climate Fund (GCF) iji nyere mba ndị ka daa ogbenye aka ịnagide nsogbu ihu igwe. . Mba ndị na-emepe emepe bụ ndị kasị nta kpatara nsogbu ahụ, mana ọ bụ ihe kacha sie ike na ihu igwe na-ebute oke ihu igwe na-achọ ngwa ngwa ego zuru oke maka mgbanwe na mfu na mmebi.
Na COP 26 dị na Glasgow, mba ndị bara ọgaranya kwenyere ka ego ha na-enweta okpukpu abụọ maka mgbanwe, mana ha emebeghị nke ahụ ma kwenye na ego maka mfu na mmebi. N'August nke afọ a, GCF malitere mkpọsa ya maka mmeju nke abụọ site na mba. Ego a dị oke mkpa maka ngbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe ziri ezi nke na-anabata nwoke na nwanyị na ezubere iche maka obodo ndị na-adịghị ike. Kama ịchịkọta akụrụngwa maka ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe, n'afọ gara aga, mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ abawanyela ngwa ngwa mmefu ọha na eze maka ngwa agha na agha. Anyị na-arịọ ka UNFCCC welitere okwu gbasara mmefu agha dị ka isi iyi ego maka akụrụngwa ego ihu igwe: GCF, Fund Adaptation, na Ihe Nkwụsị Ego Na-emebi emebi.
Na Septemba, n'oge arụmụka General na United Nations, ndị isi nke ọtụtụ mba katọrọ mmefu agha ma mee njikọ na nsogbu ihu igwe. Prime Minista nke Solomon Islands Manasseh Sogavare kwuru, "N'ụzọ dị mwute, a na-eji ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe emefu agha karịa ịlụ ọgụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke a bụ ihe na-adịghị mma." Minista mba ofesi nke Costa Rica Minister for Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica, Arnaldo André-Tinoco kọwara,
"Ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche na ka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na-eche ọgwụ mgbochi, ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nri iji zọpụta ndụ ha, mba ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na-aga n'ihu na-ebute ihe onwunwe ha ụzọ n'ihe agha na-efunahụ ọdịmma ndị mmadụ, ihu igwe, ahụike na mgbake ziri ezi. Na 2021, mmefu agha zuru ụwa ọnụ gara n'ihu na-abawanye maka afọ nke asaa n'usoro iji ruo ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu anyị hụtụrụla n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Costa Rica taa na-ekwughachi oku ọ na-akpọ maka mbelata nke nta nke nta na nkwụsi ike na mmefu agha. Maka ngwa agha ndị anyị na-emepụta, otú ahụ ka ọ ga-esi gbanarị ọbụna mbọ anyị kacha mma na njikwa na njikwa. Ọ bụ maka ibute ndụ na ọdịmma nke ndị mmadụ na ụwa ụzọ karịa uru a ga-enweta site na ngwa agha na agha. "
Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na Costa Rica kagburu ndị agha ya na 1949. Ụzọ a nke imebi ihe n'ime afọ 70 gara aga emeela ka Costa Rica bụrụ onye ndu na decarbonization na mkparịta ụka dị iche iche. N'afọ gara aga na COP 26, Costa Rica malitere "Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance" na mba ahụ nwere ike inye ọkụ eletrik ọtụtụ n'ime ya na mmeghari ohuru. Na arụmụka General UN nke afọ a, Onye isi ala Colombia Gustavo Petro Urrego katọkwara agha “chepụtara” na Ukraine, Iraq, Libya, na Syria ma kwue na agha abụrụla ihe ngọpụ iji ghara ịlụso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ. Anyị na-arịọ ka UNFCCC chere nsogbu jikọrọ ọnụ nke militarism, agha na nsogbu ihu igwe.
N'afọ gara aga, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Dr. Carlo Rovelli na Dr. Matteo Smerlak kwadoro Global Peace Dividend Initiative. Ha rụrụ ụka n'akwụkwọ ha na nso nso a "Obere Mbelata na mmefu agha ụwa nwere ike inye aka Fund Climate, Health and Poverty Solutions" nke e bipụtara na Scientific American na mba dị iche iche kwesịrị ịtụgharị ụfọdụ n'ime ijeri $ 2 trillion "na-efunahụ kwa afọ na agbụrụ ụwa zuru ụwa ọnụ" na Green. Ego ihu igwe (GCF) na ego mmepe ndị ọzọ. Udo na mbelata na ntinyeghachi nke mmefu agha na ego ihu igwe dị oke mkpa iji gbochie okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ na ogo 1.5. Anyị na-akpọ ndị odeakwụkwọ UNFCCC ka ha jiri ụlọ ọrụ gị mee ka ndị mmadụ mara maka mmetụta mpụ ndị agha na mmefu agha na nsogbu ihu igwe. Anyị na-arịọ gị ka itinye okwu ndị a na atụmatụ COP na-abịa ma nyekwa ọmụmụ ihe pụrụ iche na akụkọ ọha. Enweghị ike ileghara ọgụ ọgụ na-agbasi ike nke Carbon na mmefu agha na-arị elu ma ọ bụrụ na anyị chọsiri ike igbochi mgbanwe ihu igwe dị egwu.
N'ikpeazụ, anyị kwenyere na udo, nkwụsị ngwa agha na nkwụsịtụ dị mkpa maka mbelata, mgbanwe mgbanwe, na ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe. Anyị ga-anabata ohere iji zute gị, enwere ike nweta anyị site na ozi kọntaktị ụlọ ọrụ WILPF dị n'elu. WILPF ga na-ezigakwa ndị nnọchiteanya na COP 27 na anyị ga-enwe obi ụtọ izute gị n'onwe gị na Egypt. Ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara otu anyị na isi mmalite maka ozi dị n'akwụkwọ ozi anyị ka etinyere n'okpuru. Anyị na-atụ anya azịza gị. Daalụ maka nlebara anya gị na nchegbu anyị.
Obi,
Madeleine Rees
Onye isi akwukwo
Njikọ Mba Nile nke Udo na Nnwere onwe
Sean Conner
Onye isi oche International Peace Bureau
David Swanson Co-guzobere na onye isi nchịkwa
World BEYOND War
BANYERE OTU NDỊ ANYỊ:
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF): WILPF bụ ọgbakọ dabere na otu nke na-arụ ọrụ site na ụkpụrụ ụmụ nwanyị, n'ịdị n'otu na mmekorita ya na ndị na-akwado nwanne nwanyị, netwọkụ, njikọta, ikpo okwu, na otu obodo. WILPF nwere ngalaba na otu dị iche iche na mba 40 na ndị mmekọ gburugburu ụwa na isi ụlọ ọrụ anyị dabere na Geneva. Ọhụụ anyị bụ ụwa nke udo na-adịgide adịgide nke e wuru na ntọala nwanyị nke nnwere onwe, ikpe ziri ezi, enweghị ike ime ihe ike, ikike mmadụ, na nha anya maka mmadụ niile, ebe ndị mmadụ, mbara ala, na ndị ọzọ niile bi na ya na-ebikọ ọnụ ma na-etolite n'otu n'otu. WILPF nwere mmemme nchụpụ ngwa agha, Ịga Critical Will dabere na New York: https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/ Ozi ndị ọzọ nke WILPF: www.wilpf.org
International Peace Bureau (IPB): International Peace Bureau a raara nye ọhụụ nke World enweghị agha. Ihe mmemme anyị dị ugbu a gbadoro ụkwụ na Disarmament for Sustainable Development na n'ime nke a, anyị lekwasịrị anya bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ịkwalite mmefu agha. Anyị kwenyere na site n'ibelata ego maka mpaghara ndị agha, a ga-ahapụ nnukwu ego maka ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze, n'ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ ná mba ọzọ, nke nwere ike iduga mmezu nke ezigbo mkpa mmadụ na nchebe nke gburugburu ebe obibi. N'otu oge ahụ, anyị na-akwado ọtụtụ mkpọsa ngwa agha na ịnye data gbasara akụkụ akụ na ụba nke ngwa agha na esemokwu. Ọrụ mkpọsa anyị na mwepu ngwá agha nuklia malitere ugbua na 1980s. Ndị otu 300 anyị nọ na mba 70, yana ndị otu n'otu n'otu, na-etolite netwọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-emekọ ihe ọmụma na ahụmịhe mkpọsa n'otu ihe kpatara ya. Anyị na-ejikọta ndị ọkachamara na ndị na-akwado ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'okwu ndị yiri ya iji wulite mmegharị obodo siri ike. N'afọ iri gara aga, IPB malitere mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmefu agha: https://www.ipb.org/global-campaign-on-military-spending/ na-akpọ maka mbelata na ntinyeghachi maka mkpa ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi ngwa ngwa. Ozi ndị ọzọ: www.ipb.org
World BEYOND War (WBW): World BEYOND War bụ òtù na-adịghị agasi ike zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kwụsị agha ma guzobe udo na-adịgide adịgide. Ebumnuche anyị bụ imepụta mmata banyere nkwado a ma ama maka ịkwụsị agha na ịgakwuru nkwado ahụ. Anyị na-arụ ọrụ ịkwalite echiche nke bụghị naanị igbochi agha ọ bụla kama iwepụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dum. Anyị na-agba mbọ iji ọdịmma agha dochie otu agha nke iji ụzọ udo esemokwu iji dozie ọnọdụ ọgbụgba ọbara dị. World BEYOND War malitere Jenụwarị 1, 2014. Anyị nwere isi na ndị mmekọ gburugburu ụwa. WBW ewepụtala arịrịọ zuru ụwa ọnụ "COP27: Kwụsị Wepụ Mmetọ Ndị Agha na Agreement Climate": https://worldbeyondwar.org/cop27/ Enwere ike ịchọta ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara WBW ebe a: https://worldbeyondwar.org/
SOURCES:
Canada na Germany (2021) "Atụmatụ nnyefe ego ihu igwe: Izute ihe mgbaru ọsọ US $ 100": https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Climate-Finance-Delivery-Plan-1.pdf
Conflict na Environment Observatory (2021) "N'okpuru radar: akara carbon nke ngalaba ndị agha EU": https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Under-the-radar_the-carbon- akara ukwu- nke-EU-ngalaba-agha.pdf
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https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/ClimateChangeandCostofWar Global Peace Dividend Initiative: https://peace-dividend.org/about
Mathiesen, Karl (2022) "UK iji ihu igwe na enyemaka ego zụta ngwa agha maka Ukraine," Politico: https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-use-climate-aid-cash-buy-weapon-ukraine /
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Rovelli, C. na Smerlak, M. (2022) "Obere mbelata na mmefu agha ụwa nwere ike inye aka inye ego ihu igwe, ahụike na ngwọta ịda ogbenye," Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-small- ebipụ-n'ụwa-agha-emefu-nwere ike inye-ego- ihu igwe-ahụike-na-ụbịa-ihe ngwọta/
Sabbagh, D. (2022) "Mmefu nchekwa UK na-emefu okpukpu abụọ ruo £100bn site na 2030, ka onye ozi kwuru," The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/25/uk-defence-spending- na-okpukpu-na-100m-site-2030-nje-ozi na-ekwu
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2022) Ọnọdụ na mmefu agha ụwa, 2021:
Mmemme gburugburu UN (2021): steeti ego maka okike https://www.unep.org/resources/state-finance-nature
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