Rov qab rau xyoo 1890s cov neeg uas ntseeg tias kov yeej lub teb chaws tau tua txaus (tsis suav Hawaii, Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, thiab lwm yam) suav nrog Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Thomas Reed. Nws tau tshaj tawm ib tsab xov xwm tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hais txog kev tua neeg hauv South Carolina. Nws tau tshaj tawm cov xov xwm hais txog "Lwm Kev npau taws hauv tebchaws Cuba." Nws tau tshaj tawm ob qho tib si ua ke (xov xwm cuav!) thiab muab rau lawv rau Congressman los ntawm South Carolina uas tab tom thawb rau kev ua tsov rog rau Cuba. Tus Congressman mob siab rau nyeem tsab xov xwm, tom qab ntawd nres, saib tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab hais tias "Vim li cas, qhov no tsis yog Cuba."
Kuv pom zoo kom sim qhov ua kom yuam kev no. Clip ib tsab xov xwm hais txog Israelis tua Palestinians, lossis qee qhov kev npau taws hauv Asmeskas tsev loj cuj lossis Saudi square lossis hauv qab nag los ntawm kev foob pob hauv Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, Iraq, Libya, lossis lwm qhov; muab tso rau hauv qab kab lus hais txog Iran, North Kauslim, Bashar al Assad, lossis Vladimir Putin. Qhia rau tus neeg ze tshaj plaws rau koj tus tswvcuab hauv Congress lossis senators uas koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tib chav lossis hu los ntawm email. Los yog tsuas yog qhia rau ib tus neeg uas muaj kev txom nyem los ua ib lub TV.
Kev npau taws yuav tsum yog kev npau taws vim qhov lawv yog, tsis yog vim leej twg ua rau lawv. Zoo hmoo pom tias yuav muaj xwm txheej hauv Tebchaws Meskas niaj hnub no!
Nov yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm kuv phau ntawv tshiab, Tua Exceptionalism:
Nyob rau hauv exceptionalist nationalism, tej zaum nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov haiv neeg, "peb" yuav tsum tau txais ib tug thawj-tus neeg plural tus kheej muaj sia nyob rau ntau pua xyoo, thiaj li hais tias "peb tawm tsam cov British" thiab "peb yeej lub Cold War." Qhov kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog kev ntseeg hauv qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, ua rau cov neeg ntseeg tau tsom mus rau yam tseem ceeb "peb" tau ua, thiab deb ntawm qhov txaj muag "peb" tau ua, txawm tias tus kheej nws tsis tsim nyog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau yav dhau los. tsis txhob liam rau yav tom ntej. George Orwell sau hais tias "Tus neeg tseem ceeb," tsis tsuas yog tsis pom zoo rau kev tsim txom ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm zoo kawg nkaus tsis hnov txog lawv."[I]
Nyob rau nplooj ntawv 1 ntawm Cheneys phau ntawv: "Peb tau lees tias muaj kev ywj pheej, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb rau tib neeg feem ntau dua li muaj lwm lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm."[Ii] Cov lus thov zoo li no, raws li ntawm no, feem ntau tsis sau los yog piav qhia. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ua raws li nws, qhov kev thov zoo li feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II raws li kev txhawb nqa kev ywj pheej thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, thiab ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II uas tawm ntawm tsov ntxhuav txoj kev sib koom ntawm cov phoojywg sib ntaus sib tua hauv Tebchaws Europe. tau ua los ntawm Soviet Union.
Qhov kev thov tias "peb" yog cov thawj coj ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev ywj pheej yuav, tau kawg, kuj yog raws li Asmeskas kev tsov rog thiab kev tsim riam phom txij li Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Muaj tseeb tiag, yog tias leej twg tawm tsam kev tsov rog ntau tshaj plaws thiab tsim riam phom ntau tshaj plaws coj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev ywj pheej tshaj plaws rau lub ntiaj teb, ces Tebchaws Meskas tau txais lub npe. Tab sis sab nraum Tebchaws Meskas, qhov kev xav no nyob deb ntawm kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb - qhov tsis sib xws. Feem ntau lub tebchaws tau xaiv tsa thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2013 los ntawm Gallup hu ua Tebchaws Meskas loj tshaj plaws kev hem thawj kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv ntiaj teb no.[Iii] Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Pew hauv 2017 pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.[Iv]
Txij li thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, thaum qee cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas xav tias yog lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm kev thaj yeeb, Asmeskas tub rog tau tua lossis pab tua qee tus 20 lab tus tib neeg, rhuav tshem tsawg kawg 36 tsoomfwv, cuam tshuam tsawg kawg 84 kev xaiv tsa txawv teb chaws, sim tua neeg. 50 tus thawj coj txawv teb chaws, thiab tso cov foob pob rau cov neeg nyob hauv ntau dua 30 lub teb chaws.[V] Cov tub rog Asmeskas raug nqi ze li ntau npaum li cov tub rog hauv ntiaj teb ua ke, thaum Asmeskas, NATO cov tswv cuab, thiab lawv cov phooj ywg suav txog peb feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev siv tub rog. Asmeskas kev lag luam riam phom yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev coj tag nrho lwm tus, tab sis kuj suav nrog nws cov neeg siv khoom. Tebchaws Asmeskas, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, txij li xyoo 2017 tau muab riam phom thiab feem ntau kev cob qhia rau 73 feem pua ntawm lub ntiaj teb. dictatorships.[vi] Nws yeej muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm qee qhov no, tab sis kev nkag siab meej qhov muag yuav tsum ntsuas qhov zoo tawm tsam qhov phem. Puas yog lub ntiaj teb uas tsis txaus siab rau tag nrho cov tub ceev xwm thoob ntiaj teb no ua los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov khoom siv? Los yog tus qauv tub ceev xwm puas ua txhaum loj?
Zam kev thuam hauv lub tebchaws, lossis kev xav txog tus kheej ntawm "peb," qhov txaus ntshai uas tso cai rau kev ua siab dawb los ua tus npog rau ob tus qauv. Cov neeg Amelikas xav li cas yog tias lwm lub tebchaws yuav tsum ua qee yam ntawm nws tus kheej txoj kev ywj pheej-kev txhawb nqa thoob ntiaj teb? Xws li yuav yog tus cwj pwm ntawm "lub teb chaws tsis ncaj ncees." Nov yog suav cov tub rog hauv lub ntiaj teb uas muaj nyob sab nraum lawv cov teb chaws ciam teb:[vii]
Tebchaws Asmeskas - 800
Russia — 9
France — 8
United Kingdom — 8
Nyiv — 1
South Kauslim - 1
Lub Netherlands — 1
India — 1
Australia — 1
Chile — 1
Qaib ntxhw - 1
Israel — 1
Xyoo 2007, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Ecuador hais rau Tebchaws Meskas tias nws tuaj yeem khaws nws lub hauv paus hauv Ecuador ntev npaum li Ecuador tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv Miami, Florida.[viii] Lub tswv yim yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis zoo thiab outrageous.
Ntawm United Nations '18 cov kev cog lus tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg txoj cai, Tebchaws Asmeskas yog tog rau 5, tsawg dua li lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog Bhutan (4), thiab khi nrog Malaya, Myanmar, thiab South Sudan, lub teb chaws tawg los ntawm kev ua tsov rog txij thaum nws creation nyob rau hauv 2011.[ix] Puas yog Tebchaws Meskas ua haujlwm raws li lub ntiaj teb txoj cai tswjfwm los ntawm qhov chaw sab nraum lub ntiaj teb txoj cai? Los yog muaj lwm yam tshwm sim?
Hais tias Tebchaws Meskas tau ua ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum tsis txhob hnyav rau lossis tawm tsam qhov ntawd. Kev ua yuav tsum sawv los yog poob ntawm lawv tus kheej qhov zoo. Tab sis Cheneys qhia peb tias peb yuav tsum pom "kev coj ncaj ncees sib txawv ntawm Iranian riam phom nuclear thiab Asmeskas." Peb yuav tsum, tiag tiag? Txawm tias muaj kev pheej hmoo loj hlob ntxiv, kev siv tsis raug, siv los ntawm tus thawj coj vwm, kev tuag thiab kev puas tsuaj loj, kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig, kev ua pauj kev ua pauj, thiab apocalypse. Ib ntawm ob lub tebchaws no muaj riam phom nuclear[X], tau siv riam phom nuclear[xi], tau muab lwm txoj kev npaj rau riam phom nuclear[xii], muaj txoj cai ntawm thawj-siv riam phom nuclear[xiii], muaj kev coj noj coj ua uas txwv tsis pub muaj riam phom nuclear[xiv], thiab feem ntau hem tias yuav siv riam phom nuclear[xv]. Kuv tsis xav tias qhov tseeb yuav ua rau muaj riam phom nuclear nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm lwm lub teb chaws qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kev ncaj ncees.
Yog tias koj xav tsis thoob, Asmeskas cov thawj tswj hwm uas tau ua rau pej xeem tshwj xeeb lossis tsis pub leejtwg paub txog kev hem thawj nuclear rau lwm lub tebchaws, uas peb paub, suav nrog Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, George HW Bush, Bill Clinton, thiab Donald Trump, thaum lwm tus. , suav nrog Barack Obama, tau hais ntau zaus xws li "Txhua yam kev xaiv nyob rau ntawm lub rooj" hais txog Iran lossis lwm lub tebchaws.[xvi]
[I] George Orwell, "Notes on Nationalism," http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/nationalism/english/e_nat.
[Ii] Dick Cheney thiab Liz Cheney, Exceptional: Yog vim li cas lub ntiaj teb xav tau ib lub zog America (Threshold Editions, 2015).
[Iii] Meredith Bennett-Smith, "Womp! Lub tebchaws no tau raug hu ua Kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau ntiaj teb kev thaj yeeb, " HuffPost, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/02/greatest-threat-world-peace-country_n_4531824.html (Lub Ib Hlis 23, 2014).
[Iv] Dorothy Manevich thiab Hanyu Chwe, "Lub ntiaj teb no, ntau tus neeg pom Asmeskas lub hwj chim thiab kev cuam tshuam yog qhov kev hem thawj loj," Pew Tshawb Nrhiav Chaw, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/01/u-s-power-and-influence-increasingly-seen-as-threat-in-other-countries (August 1, 2017).
[V] David Swanson, "Tebchaws Asmeskas Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Ua Phem: Ib Daim Ntawv Teev Npe," Cia Sim Sim Kev Txawj Ntse, http://davidswanson.org/warlist.
[vi] David Swanson, "Tebchaws Asmeskas Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Ua Phem: Ib Daim Ntawv Teev Npe," Cia Sim Sim Kev Txawj Ntse, http://davidswanson.org/warlist.
[vii] David Swanson, "Dab tsi yog Tub Rog Txawv Teb Chaws Ua Haujlwm rau?" Cia Sim Sim Kev Txawj Ntse, http://davidswanson.org/what-are-foreign-military-bases-for (Lub Xya Hli 13, 2015).
[viii] Phil Stewart, "Ecuador xav tau tub rog hauv paus hauv Miami," Reuters, https://uk.reuters.com/article/ecuador-base/ecuador-wans-military-base-in-miami-idUKADD25267520071022 (Lub Kaum Hli 22, 2007).
[ix] "Lub Core International Human Rights Instruments thiab lawv lub cev saib xyuas," United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CoreInstruments.aspx.
[X] David Swanson, "Tshaj Xov Xwm Hauv Tebchaws: Gareth Porter: Iran Tsis Muaj Kev Pabcuam Nuclear," Cia Sim Sim Kev Txawj Ntse, http://davidswanson.org/talk-nation-radio-gareth-porter-iran-has-never-had-a-nuclear-weapons-program-3 (Lub Ob Hlis 12, 2014).
[xi] David Swanson, "Hiroshima Haunting," Cia Sim Sim Kev Txawj Ntse,” http://davidswanson.org/hiroshima-haunting (Lub Yim Hli 6, 2017).
[xii] David Swanson, "Video: RT npog Jeffrey Sterling Kev sim," Cia Sim Sim Kev Txawj Ntse, http://davidswanson.org/video-rt-covers-jeffrey-sterling-trial-2 (Lub Ib Hlis 16, 2015).
[xiii] "Nuclear Posture Review," US Department of Defense, https://www.defense.gov/News/Special-Reports/NPR.
[xiv] "Al Khamenei's Fatwa tawm tsam Nuclear Riam phom," Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei%27s_fatwa_against_nuclear_weapons.
[xv] Daniel Ellsberg Lub Doomsday Tshuab: Kev lees paub ntawm Nuclear War Planner (Bloomsbury USA, 2017), http://www.ellsberg.net/category/doomsday-machine.
[xvi] Daniel Ellsberg Lub Doomsday Tshuab: Kev lees paub ntawm Nuclear War Planner (Bloomsbury USA, 2017), http://www.ellsberg.net/category/doomsday-machine.
