Los ntawm David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Cuaj hlis 16, 2020
"Kuv yuav ua ib qho kev ua khawv koob los ntawm kev nyeem koj lub siab,"Kuv hais rau ib chav kawm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv lossis lub rooj sib tham lossis hu xovtooj rau cov neeg coob coob. Kuv sau ib yam dab tsi. Kuv hais tias, “Lub npe ua tsov rog uas ncaj ncees,” Kuv hais. Ib tug hais tias "Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob." Kuv qhia lawv qhov kuv sau: "WWII." Khawv koob![I]
Yog tias kuv hais rau cov lus teb ntxiv, lawv yuav luag ib txwm ua tsov rog ntxiv yav dhau los dua li WWII.[Ii] Yog tias kuv nug vim li cas WWII yog cov lus teb, cov lus teb zoo ib txwm "Hitler" lossis "Holocaust" lossis cov lus rau qhov ntawd.
Qhov kev sib pauv kev kwv yees, uas kuv tau ua piv txwv tias muaj lub hwj chim ua khawv koob, yog ib feem ntawm kev qhuab qhia lossis kev cob qhia uas kuv feem ntau pib los ntawm kev thov rau ib qho kev qhia ntawm tes teb rau ob peb nqe lus nug:
"Leej twg xav tias kev ua tsov ua rog yeej tsis raug cai?"
thiab
"Leej twg xav tias qee sab ntawm qee qhov kev ua tsov ua rog qee zaum muaj kev ncaj ncees, uas koom nrog kev ua tsov rog qee zaum yog qhov yuav tsum ua?"
Feem ntau, lo lus nug thib ob tau txais feem ntau ntawm tes.
Ces peb tham ib teev los yog li ntawd.
Ces kuv nug tib lo lus nug dua thaum kawg. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, thawj lo lus nug ("Leej twg xav tias kev ua tsov ua rog yeej tsis raug cai?") tau txais ntau ntawm tes.[Iii]
Txawm hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv hauv txoj haujlwm los ntawm qee cov neeg koom yuav kav mus txog hnub tom ntej lossis xyoo lossis lub neej kuv tsis paub.
Kuv yuav tsum ua kuv qhov kev ua khawv koob WWII thaum ntxov hauv kev qhuab qhia, vim tias yog tias kuv tsis ua, yog tias kuv tham ntev dhau los txog kev tiv thaiv kev ua tub rog thiab kev nqis peev hauv kev thaj yeeb, ntau tus neeg yuav tau cuam tshuam kuv nrog cov lus nug xws li "Dab tsi txog Hitler. ?” los yog "Yuav ua li cas txog WWII?" Nws yeej tsis poob. Kuv tham txog kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, lossis kev xav tau ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub ntiaj teb kev tsov kev rog thiab kev tsov rog nyiaj txiag, thiab qee tus neeg ua rau WWII los ua kev sib cav.
WWII ua li cas rau kev siv tub rog? Hauv kev xav ntawm ntau tus nws qhia txog yav dhau los thiab muaj peev xwm xav tau kev siv tub rog los them rau kev tsov rog uas tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog raws li WWII.
Kuv mam li tham lo lus nug no nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv tshiab, tab sis cia kuv kos nws luv luv ntawm no. Tshaj li ib nrab ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov peev nyiaj txiav txim siab - cov nyiaj uas Congress txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas nrog txhua xyoo, uas tsis suav nrog qee cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev so haujlwm thiab kev noj qab haus huv - mus rau kev ua tsov rog thiab kev npaj ua tsov rog.[Iv] Kev xaiv tsa qhia tias feem coob ntawm cov neeg tsis paub txog qhov no.[V]
Tsoomfwv Meskas siv nyiaj ntau dua li lwm lub tebchaws ntawm kev ua tub rog, ntau npaum li lwm cov tub rog loj ua ke.[vi] - thiab feem ntau ntawm cov raug yuam los ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas kom yuav riam phom Asmeskas ntxiv[vii]. Thaum cov neeg feem coob tsis paub qhov no, feem coob xav tias tsawg kawg ib co nyiaj yuav tsum tau tsiv tawm ntawm kev ua tub rog mus rau tej yam xws li kev kho mob, kev kawm, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020, kev tawm tswv yim rau pej xeem pom muaj feem ntau ntawm Asmeskas cov neeg xaiv tsa muaj zog hauv kev pom zoo txav 10% ntawm Pentagon cov peev nyiaj mus rau tib neeg kev xav tau ceev.[viii] Tom qab ntawd ob lub tsev ntawm US Congress tau pov npav tsuas yog qhov kev pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg muaj zog feem coob.[ix]
Qhov kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sawv cev yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau peb xav tsis thoob. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tsis tshua ua rau muaj zog, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tsuas yog vim feem coob nyiam qee yam hauv kev xaiv tsa.[X] Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg ua haujlwm raug xaiv los khav txog qhov tsis quav ntsej kev xaiv tsa kom ua raws li lawv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus.
Txhawm rau txhawb kom Congress hloov nws cov peev txheej tseem ceeb, lossis txhawb nqa cov tuam txhab xov xwm loj los qhia rau tib neeg txog lawv, yuav xav tau ntau ntau dua li muab cov lus teb raug rau cov neeg xaiv tsa. Hloov 10% tawm ntawm Pentagon yuav xav tau ntau tus neeg mob siab rau xav tau thiab tawm tsam kom muaj kev hloov pauv loj dua li ntawd. Qhov 10% yuav tsum muaj kev sib haum xeeb, cov pob txha pov rau ib qho kev txav mus los ntawm 30% lossis 60% lossis ntau dua.
Tab sis muaj ib qho teeb meem loj ntawm txoj kev tsim kom muaj kev txav mus los. Thaum koj pib tham txog kev hloov pauv loj rau kev lag luam kev thaj yeeb, lossis kev tshem tawm nuclear, lossis qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog thaum kawg, koj tau pib ua ntej rau lub ntsiab lus xav tsis thoob uas muaj tsawg heev ua rau lub ntiaj teb koj tam sim no nyob hauv: WWII.
Nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem insurmountable. Nws ib txwm nyob ntawd, tab sis feem ntau lub siab, hauv kuv qhov kev paub, tuaj yeem txav mus rau qee qib hauv qis dua ib teev. Kuv xav txav ntau lub siab thiab ua kom cov kev nkag siab tshiab sticks. Qhov ntawd yog qhov twg kuv phau ntawv los hauv, ib yam nkaus kev kawm online tshiab raws li phau ntawv.
Phau ntawv tshiab nteg tawm rooj plaub rau vim li cas kev xav tsis zoo txog Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb niaj hnub no yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim cov peev nyiaj rau pej xeem. Thaum tsawg dua 3% ntawm Asmeskas kev siv tub rog tuaj yeem xaus kev tshaib kev nqhis hauv ntiaj teb[xi], thaum qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw muab cov peev txheej zoo li lub neej thiab kev tuag ntau dua li txhua qhov kev tsov rog[xii], nws tseem ceeb uas peb tau txais txoj cai no.
Nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tawm tswv yim rov qab siv tub rog mus rau qib 20 xyoo dhau los[xiii], tsis muaj tsov rog los ntawm 75 xyoo dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tham. Muaj ntau qhov kev tawm tsam zoo dua thiab kev txhawj xeeb uas ib tus yuav nce siab dua "Dab tsi txog WWII?"
Puas yog Hitler tshiab tuaj? Puas yog qhov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li WWII zoo li lossis ua tau? Lo lus teb rau txhua lo lus nug no tsis yog. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias yog vim li cas, nws yuav pab txhim kho kev nkag siab zoo ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II yog dab tsi, nrog rau tshuaj xyuas seb lub ntiaj teb tau hloov pauv li cas txij li WWII.
Kuv qhov kev txaus siab hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II tsis yog tsav los ntawm kev txaus siab nrog kev ua tsov ua rog lossis riam phom lossis keeb kwm. Nws tau tsav los ntawm kuv lub siab xav los tham txog demilitarization yam tsis tau hnov txog Hitler ntau dua thiab ntau dua. Yog tias Hitler tsis yog tus neeg phem no kuv tseem yuav mob thiab nkees mloog nws.
Kuv phau ntawv tshiab yog kev sib cav txog kev ncaj ncees, tsis yog ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm. Kuv tsis tau ua tiav ib qho kev thov Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv, nrhiav pom cov ntawv teev npe, lossis tawg cov lej. Kuv tham txog keeb kwm ntau heev. Qee qhov nws paub tsawg heev. Ib txhia ntawm nws khiav tawm tsam qhov kev nkag siab tsis zoo - ntau heev uas kuv twb tau txais email tsis zoo los ntawm cov neeg uas tseem tsis tau nyeem phau ntawv.
Tab sis zoo li tsis muaj ib qho kev sib cav loj lossis tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov keeb kwm. Kuv tau nrhiav tsis suav nrog ib yam dab tsi uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv loj, thiab qhov twg kuv paub txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, kuv tau ceev faj kom nco ntsoov. Kuv tsis xav tias rooj plaub tawm tsam WWII yog qhov kev txhawb siab rau kev ua tsov rog ntxiv nyiaj txiag yuav tsum muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj qhov tseeb peb txhua tus tuaj yeem pom zoo. Kuv tsuas yog xav tias cov lus tseeb no ua kom meej meej rau qee qhov kev xav tsis thoob thiab txawm tias muaj kev ntxhov siab.
[I] Nov yog PowerPoint Kuv tau siv rau qhov kev nthuav qhia no: https://worldbeyondwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/endwar.pptx
[Ii] Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, hauv kuv qhov kev paub dhau los, cov thawj coj sib tw yog WWII, thiab nyob deb ntawm qhov thib ob thiab thib peb, Tebchaws Asmeskas Kev Tsov Rog thiab Tsov Rog Asmeskas. Howard Zinn tau tham txog cov no hauv nws qhov kev nthuav qhia "Three Holy Wars," https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i39UdpR1F8 Kuv qhov kev paub dhau los ua ib qho kev sib tw ua tiav hauv 2019 los ntawm YouGov, uas pom 66% ntawm cov neeg Amelikas tau pov npav hais tias WWII tau ua tiav tag nrho lossis qee qhov ncaj ncees (txawm li cas los xij), piv rau 62% rau Asmeskas Kev Tawm Tsam, 54% rau US Civil War, 52% rau WWI, 37% rau Tsov Rog Kauslim, 36% rau Tsov Rog Ua Ntej Gulf, 35% rau kev ua tsov rog tsis tu ncua ntawm Afghanistan, thiab 22% rau Tsov Rog Nyab Laj. Saib: Linley Sanders, YouGov, “America thiab nws cov phoojywg yeej D-Day. Lawv puas tuaj yeem ua nws dua? Lub rau hli ntuj 3, 2019 https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2019/06/03/american-wars-dday
[Iii] Kuv kuj tau ua kev sib cav nrog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm West Point txog seb kev ua tsov rog puas tuaj yeem ua ncaj ncees, nrog rau kev xaiv tsa ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib tau hloov pauv ntau yam tawm tsam lub tswv yim tias kev ua tsov rog tuaj yeem ua ncaj ncees los ntawm kev sib cav ua ntej mus txog tom qab. Saib https://youtu.be/o88ZnGSRRw0 Ntawm cov xwm txheej tuav los ntawm lub koom haum World BEYOND War, peb siv cov ntawv no los soj ntsuam tib neeg ntawm lawv qhov kev hloov hauv kev xav: https://worldbeyondwar.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/PeacePledge_101118_EventVersion1.pdf
[Iv] National Priorities Project, "Cov Nyiaj Pab Tub Rog 2020," https://www.nationalpriorities.org/analysis/2020/militarized-budget-2020 Rau kev piav qhia ntawm cov peev nyiaj txiav txim siab thiab dab tsi tsis nyob hauv nws, saib https://www.nationalpriorities.org/budget-basics/federal-budget-101/spending
[V] Qee lub sij hawm kev xaiv tsa tau nug seb tib neeg xav tias cov peev nyiaj tub rog yog dab tsi, thiab qhov nruab nrab cov lus teb tau ploj mus. Lub Ob Hlis 2017 kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas pom tias feem coob ntseeg kev siv tub rog tsawg dua qhov nws tau ua. Saib Charles Koch lub koom haum, "Tshiab Poll: Americans Crystal Clear: Foreign Policy Status Quo Tsis Ua Haujlwm," Lub Ob Hlis 7, 2017, https://www.charleskochinstitute.org/news/americans-clear-foreign-policy-status-quo-not-working Nws tseem muaj peev xwm los sib piv cov kev tshawb fawb uas tib neeg tau qhia txog tsoomfwv cov peev nyiaj thiab nug seb lawv yuav hloov pauv li cas (feem ntau xav tau kev hloov pauv nyiaj ntau ntawm cov tub rog) nrog cov kev xaiv tsa uas tsuas yog nug seb cov nyiaj siv tub rog yuav tsum txo qis lossis nce ntxiv (kev txhawb nqa rau kev txiav yog qis dua). Rau ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus qub, saib Ruy Texeira, Center for American Progress, Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 2007, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/reports/2007/11/07/3634/what-the-public-really-wants-on-budget-priorities Rau qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov kawg, saib Frank Newport, Gallup Polling, "Americans Remain Divided on Defense Spending," Lub Ob Hlis 15, 2011, https://news.gallup.com/poll/146114/americans-remain-divided-defense-spending.aspx
[vi] Cov teb chaws 'kev siv tub rog yog tso tawm rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), https://sipri.org Kev siv tub rog Asmeskas txij li xyoo 2018 yog $ 718,689, uas qhia meej tsis suav nrog ntau ntawm Asmeskas kev siv tub rog, uas tau nthuav tawm ntau lub tuam tsev thiab cov koom haum. Rau tag nrho ntau dua ntawm $ 1.25 trillion hauv kev siv nyiaj txhua xyoo, saib William Hartung thiab Mandy Smithberger, TomDispatch, "Tomgram: Hartung thiab Smithberger, Kev Ncig Saib Xyuas Nyiaj Txiag los ntawm-Dollar ntawm National Security State," Tsib Hlis 7, 2019, https://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176561
[vii] Cov teb chaws uas ntshuam US riam phom tau tso tawm rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm https://worldbeyondwar.org/militarism-mapped Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/values.php
[viii] Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Kev Txhim Kho, "Cov Neeg Asmeskas Pom Zoo: Txiav Pentagon's Budget," Lub Xya Hli 20, 2020, https://www.dataforprogress.org/blog/2020/7/20/cut-the-pentagons-budget Los ntawm 56% mus rau 27% Asmeskas cov neeg xaiv tsa nyiam txav 10% ntawm cov peev nyiaj tub rog mus rau tib neeg kev xav tau. Yog hais tias qee cov nyiaj yuav mus rau Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob, kev txhawb nqa pej xeem yog 57% mus rau 25%.
[ix] Hauv Tsev, kev pov npav ntawm Pocan of Wisconsin Hloov Kho Tus Naj Npawb 9, Roll Call 148 thaum Lub Xya Hli 21, 2020, yog 93 Muaj, 324 Nays, 13 Tsis Pov Npav, http://clerk.house.gov/cgi-bin/vote.asp?year=2020&rollnumber=148 Hauv Senate, kev pov npav ntawm Sanders Hloov Kho 1788 thaum Lub Xya Hli 22, 2020, yog 23 Yog, 77 Nays, https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=116&session=2&vote=00135
[X] Martin Gillens thiab Benjamin I. Page, “Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens,” Cuaj hlis 2014, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/testing-theories-of-american-politics-elites-interest-groups-and-average-citizens/62327F513959D0A304D4893B382B992B Tshaj tawm hauv BBC, "Study: US Is an Oligarchy, Not a Democracy," Lub Plaub Hlis 17, 2014, https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-27074746
[xi] Xyoo 2008, United Nations tau hais tias $ 30 nphom hauv ib xyoos tuaj yeem xaus kev tshaib kev nqhis hauv ntiaj teb. Saib Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm United Nations, "Lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog xav tau 30 billion nyiaj hauv ib xyoos txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev tshaib kev nqhis," Lub Rau Hli 3, 2008, http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/ 2008/1000853/index.html Qhov no tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv lub New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/04/news/04iht-04food.13446176.html and Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/23/opinion/ed-food23 thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm United Nations tau hais rau kuv tias tus lej tseem nyob rau hnub no. Raws li xyoo 2019, Pentagon cov peev nyiaj ib xyoos ib zaug, ntxiv rau kev siv nyiaj ua tsov rog, ntxiv rau riam phom nuclear hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zog, ntxiv rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws, thiab lwm yam kev siv tub rog tag nrho ntau dua $ 1 trillion, qhov tseeb $ 1.25 trillion. Saib William D. Hartung thiab Mandy Smithberger, TomDispatch, "Boondoggle, Inc.," Tsib Hlis 7, 2019, https://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/176561 Peb feem pua ntawm ib trillion yog 30 billion. Xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no ntawm https://worldbeyondwar.org/explained
[xii] Raws li UNICEF, 291 lab tus menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoos tau tuag los ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis tau thaum xyoo 1990 thiab 2018. Saib https://www.unicefusa.org/mission/starts-with-u/health-for-children
[xiii] Raws li Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Asmeskas kev siv nyiaj tub rog, tas li 2018 las, yog $ 718,690 hauv 2019 thiab $ 449,369 hauv 1999. Saib https://sipri.org/databases/milex
