Phem Tawm Ntawm Riam Phom Ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Loj

(Ntu no nyob tshooj 26 ntawm World Beyond War ntawv dawb Ib Thoob Ntiajteb Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Lwm Yam Ua Tsov Rog. Ua mus ntxiv ua ntej | nram qab no seem.)

Riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj yog lub tswv yim zoo tshaj rau kev ua tsov ua rog, txhawb nws txoj kev sib kis thiab kev ntseeg tias kev tsov kev rog uas tshwm sim muaj peev xwm rau ntiaj chaw-kev hloov kev puas tsuaj. Nuclear, chemical thiab biological riam phom yog cov cuab yeej los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los tua thiab maim coob coob tus neeg, so tawm tag nrho lub zos thiab txawm tag nrho cheeb tsam nrog indescribable rhuav pov.

Nuclear Riam phom

Tam sim no muaj cov kev cog lus txwv kev lom neeg thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, tiam sis tsis muaj kev cog lus txwv tsis pub muaj kev riam phom nuclear. 1970 Cov Uas Tsis Txiav Txim Siab (NPT) qhia tias tsib lub xeev lees paub txog cov riam phom nuclear yog US, Russia, UK, Fabkis thiab Suav – yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg zoo rau kev tshem tawm cov riam phom nuclear, thaum tag nrho lwm tus neeg rau npe rau NPT cog lus tias yuav tsis tau txais riam phom nuclear. Tsuas yog peb lub teb chaws tsis kam koom nrog NPT- Is Nrias teb, Pakistan, thiab Ixayees - thiab lawv tau txais cov neeg tawg rog nuclear. Sab qaum teb Kauslim, tso siab rau NPT kev sib khom rau "kev thaj yeeb" nuclear technology, taug kev tawm ntawm tsab ntawv cog lus siv nws "kev thaj yeeb" thev naus laus zis los tsim cov ntaub ntawv fissile rau lub zog nuclear los tsim foob pob nuclear.^note9 Tseeb, txhua lub nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag yog lub peev xwm foob pob.

Ib tug tsov rog sib ntaus nrog ib qho uas hais tias "tsawg" ntau ntawm cov riam phom nuclear yuav tua neeg plhom, ua kom muaj cua sov lub caij ntuj no thiab tshwm sim nyob thoob ntiaj teb kev tshaib kev nqhis dej uas yuav ua rau kev tshaib plab ntawm tsheej lab. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tag nrho tseem nyob rau lub dag lub hauv paus, vim hais tias cov qauv siv computer qhia tias tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov seem hauv kev ua tsov rog xwb yuav ua rau kaw thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb mus txog rau kaum xyoo-ua hauj lwm, tuag kab lus rau tib neeg tsiaj. Thiab tus sib tam tam sim no yog mus rau ib qho ntau dua thiab ntau dua yuav ua rau qee qhov tsis ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej lossis kev sib txuas lus uas yuav ua rau nuclear riam phom raug siv.

Tshaj tawm ntau yuav tua tau tag nrho lub neej nyob hauv ntiaj chaw. Cov kev riam phom no ua rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob txhua qhov chaw.^note10 Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ntawm nuclear los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab cov qub Soviet Union tau txo cov neeg muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm nuclear (56,000 ntawm ib qho), tseem muaj 16,300 nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, tsuas 1000 uas tsis nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas lossis Russia.^note11 Yuav ua li cas yog tsis zoo, cov ntawv cog lus pub rau "modernization," euphemism rau tsim ib tiam tshiab ntawm riam phom thiab tub systems, uas tag nrho cov nuclear lub xeev ua. Lub xov tooj cua tsis tau ploj mus; nws tsis yog lurking nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub qhov tsua-nws yog tawm nyob rau hauv lub qhib thiab costing billions nyiaj uas yuav zoo dua nyob rau lwm qhov chaw. Txij li thaum tsis tas li ntawd Comprehensive Test Ban Ban Treaty tau kos npe rau hauv 1998, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau nce siab txog kev siv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob nuclear, sim nrog cov kev xeem tseem ceeb, 1,000 taw hauv qab thaj av ntawm thaj chaw hauv Nevada qhov chaw kuaj hauv Western Shoshone daim av . Tebchaws Asmeskas tau ua 28 xws li kev ntsuam xyuas rau hnub, tshuab plutonium nrog tshuaj, tsis ua qhov saw-fab, li "tseem ceeb".^note12 Xwb, Obama cov thawj coj yog tam sim no projecting cov kev siv nyiaj ntawm ib trillion nyiaj tshaj rau peb caug xyoo tom ntej no rau cov tshiab foob pob zeeg thiab cov tub systems-cuaj luaj, dav hlau submarines-raws li tshiab nuclear riam phom.^note113

Kev Siv Kev Pa Hluav Taws Xob xav txog kev sib cav hais tias muaj riam phom nuclear txwv kev tsov rog – thiaj li thiaj muaj kev qhia "Mutual Assured Destruction" ("MAD"). Thaum nws muaj tseeb tias lawv tsis tau raug siv txij thaum 1945, nws tsis yog qhov tseeb los xaus tias MAD tau yog vim li cas. Raws li Daniel Ellsberg tau taw qhia, txhua lub Teb Chaws Asmeskas tus thawj tswj hwm txij thaum Truman tau siv nuclear riam phom ua kev hem thawj rau lwm lub teb chaws kom lawv tso cai rau US kom tau nws txoj kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus qhuab qhia no nyob rau ntawm txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov kev coj noj coj ua thaum muaj xwm txheej ntxhov, txhua lub sijhawm tuaj. MAD tsis yog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev tso lus tawm ntawm cov kev siv riam phom lossis kev tawm tsam los ntawm ib lub teb chaws uas ua yuam kev xav tias nws raug mob los yog ua ntej tso tawm tsam thawj zaug. Qhov tseeb, qee lub hom phiaj siv hluav taws xob nuclear systems tau tsim thiab ua rau lub hom phiaj tom kawg-hauv Cruise Missile (uas sneaks nyob rau hauv radar) thiab Pershing Missile, yoojyim tua ceev ceev, mus rau pem hauv ntej missile. Cov kev sib tham loj heev tshwm sim thaum muaj Kev Tsov Rog Txias txog qhov xav tau ntawm "Grand, Decapitating First Strike" uas lub tebchaws yuav pib ua rau lub koomhaum Nom Tswv Kav Ua Haujlwm thiaj li tua tsis tau nws lub peev xwm ntawm kev tsim tawm nuclear los ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev tswj hwm, pib nrog lub Kremlin. Ib co kws tshuaj ntsuam sau tau sau hais txog "yeej" lub tsov rog hauv kev ua tsov rog nyob rau hauv uas tsuas muaj ob peb lab ntawm cov me nyuam yuav raug tua, ze li ntawm txhua tus pej xeem.^note14 Nuclear riam phom yog patently tsis dawb huv thiab insane.

Txawm hais tias lawv tsis raug siv tshaj tawm, muaj ntau qhov teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau ntes mus rau hauv av, qhov zoo xwb tsuas yog qee plutonium hauv av, tab sis tsis mus.^note15 Nyob rau hauv 2007, rau Meskas cov tub rog tua hluav taws uas tau nqa cov hluav taws tua nuclear tau raug yuam los ntawm North Dakota mus rau Louisiana thiab cov foob pob uas ploj lawm tsis nrhiav tau rau 36 cov xuab moos.^note16 Muaj lus ceeb toom txog kev qaug cawv thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo los ntawm cov neeg pabcuam uas muab tso rau hauv lub tshav pob hauv lub tsho uas tau tsim tawm rau Asmeskas nuclear cuaj luaj tshuaj rau ntawm plaub hau-taw kev ceeb toom thiab taw ntawm cov nroog Lavxias.^note17 Lub Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Lavxias txhua tus muaj phav phav nuclear cuaj luaj thiab npaj yuav raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm txhua lwm tus. Ib qho Norwegian huab cua satellite tawm mus-tshaj plaws tshaj li Russia thiab twb yuav luag npaum li cas rau ib tug tuaj nres kom txog rau thaum lub xeem feeb thaum tso chaos twb averted.^note18note19

Lub 1970 NPT yog vim tas sij hawm poob rau hauv 1995, thiab nws raug ncua ntev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nrog rau kev sib tham tsib xyoos kev sib tham thiab npaj cov rooj sib tham ntawm nruab nrab. Kom tau txais kev pom zoo rau NPT qhov kev txuas ntxiv, lub tseem fwv tau cog lus tseg los tuav lub rooj sib tham los sib cav sib ceg Riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj nyob rau hauv Middle East. Txhua lub ntawm tsib xyoos xyuas cov rooj sab laj, tau cog lus tshiab, xws li kev cog lus tsis txaus siab rau kev tshem tawm tag nrho kev siv nuclear, thiab rau ntau yam "cov kauj ruam" uas yuav tsum tau siv rau lub ntiaj teb dawb hauv lub ntiaj teb, tsis muaj leej twg tau honored.^note20 A Qauv Nuclear Riam phom Convention, tsim los ntawm pej xeem zej zog nrog cov kws tshawb fawb, kws lij choj, thiab lwm cov kws txawj tau txais los ntawm UN^note21 uas tau muab, "tag nrho cov Xeev yuav txwv tsis pub nrhiav lossis koom rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob, kev sim, kev tsim, khaws cia, kev hloov, kev siv thiab kev hem thawj ntawm kev siv cov riam phom nuclear." Nws muab rau tag nrho cov kauj ruam uas yuav tsum ua kom puas ntsoog arsenals thiab cov khoom siv khib nyiab los ntawm kev tswj xyuas thoob ntiaj teb.^note22

Rau lub dismay ntawm Civil Society thiab ntau non-nuclear riam phom hais, tsis muaj ntawm cov lus qhia nyob rau ntawm ntau NPT soj ntsuam cov rooj sib tham tau txais. Tom qab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub International Red Cross kom paub txog kev tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg ntawm kev sib tsoo nuclear, qhov kev sib tw tshiab los mus sib hais ib qho yooj yim txwv txiav tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm lub foob pob riam phom tawm hauv Oslo hauv 2013, nrog rau kev sib tham nyob hauv Nayarit, Mexico thiab Vienna hauv 2014.^note23 Muaj lub sijhawm pib qhib cov kev sib khi no tom qab 2015 NPT Review sablaj, nyob rau 70th ib xyoos ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki. Thaum lub rooj sib tham tim Vienis, tsoomfwv ntawm Austria tshaj tawm cog lus yuav ua haujlwm rau nuclear riam phom txiav npluav, piav raws li "kev ua haujlwm zoo los sau cov kev cai sib txawv rau kev txwv thiab tshem tawm cov kev sib tsoo nuclear" thiab "koom tes nrog tag nrho cov neeg muaj feem los ua tiav qhov no lub hom phiaj. "^note24 Ntxiv thiab, tus Vatican tau hais tawm hauv lub rooj sib tham no thiab thawj zaug uas tshaj tawm hais tias kev tsis txaus siab hauv lub cev yog kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev siv riam phom yuav tsum raug txwv.^note25 Txij li thaum lub teb chaws Asmelikas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lub teb chaws Asmelikas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau hauv lub teb chaws Asmelikas, uas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Asmelikas, uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub teb chaws Asmesliskas, Nyiv thiab South Kauslim.^note26 Ntxiv rau, Tebchaws Asmeskas cov chaw txog 400 nuclear bombs nyob rau hauv NATO lub xeev, Belgium, Netherlands, Ltalis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Qaib Cov Pej Xeem, uas yuav raug ntaus tawm tsam lawv "kev sib faib nuv ntses" thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus.^note27

Tshuaj lom neeg thiab Riam phom

Roj phom muaj peev xwm muaj cov tshuaj toxins xws li Ebola, typhus, smallpox, thiab lwm tus neeg uas tau hloov kho hauv lub chaw kuaj ntshav kom tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob thiaj li tsis muaj antidote. Cov kev siv yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo thoob ntiaj teb. Vim li no nws yog ib qho tseemceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus cog tseg uas twb muaj dhau los ntawm Alternative Security System. Lub Cov Lus Cog Tseg rau ntawm Kev Txwv ntawm Kev Loj Hlob, Kev Loj Hlob thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Bacteriological (Txheeb Zog) thiab Tshuaj Riam Raug thiab ntawm Kev Txom Nyem tau qhib rau kev kos npe rau hauv 1972 thiab mus rau hauv kev nruj kev tsiv hauv 1975 nyob rau hauv lub aegis ntawm lub tebchaws United Nations. Nws txwv tsis pub cov 170 cov neeg kos npe los ntawm tsim muaj lossis tsim lossis khaws cov riam phom no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muaj lub pov thawj pom tseeb thiab yuav tsum tau muaj zog los ntawm kev sib tw ceev nrig tsoom fwv (xws li, txhua lub xeev tuaj yeem twv lwm tus uas tau pom zoo ua ntej tuaj kuaj xyuas.)

cov Convention ntawm Cov Kev Txwv ntawm Kev Loj Hlob, Kev Loj Hlob, Kev Tshaj Tawm thiab Kev Siv Tshuaj Riam Phom thiab ntawm Kev Txom Nyem txwv tsis pub txhim kho, tsim khoom, khaws khoom, khaws cia, khaws cia, hloov chaw lossis siv tshuaj riam phom. Lub Xeev Tus Kws Kos Npe tau pom zoo los rhuav tshem cov khoom pov tseg tshuaj lom neeg uas lawv yuav tuav tau thiab txhua qhov chaw uas tsim cov khoom ntawd, nrog rau cov tshuaj riam phom lawv tso tseg rau lwm thaj chaw ntawm lwm lub xeev yav dhau los thiab tsim kev tawm tsam pov thawj rau qee yam tshuaj lom thiab lawv cov txheej txheem uantej… txhawm rau kom paub meej tias cov tshuaj no tsuas yog siv rau cov hom phiaj tsis txwv. Cov lus pom zoo pib siv txij lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1997. Nyob rau lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv tshuaj tua hluav taws xob tau raug txo qis, kev ua tiav kev puas tsuaj tseem yog lub hom phiaj nyob deb.^note28 Cov treaty tau ntse nyob rau hauv 2014 li Syria muab nws lub stockpiles ntawm cov tshuaj riam phom.

(Ua mus ntxiv ua ntej | nram qab no seem.)

Peb xav hnov ​​los ntawm koj! (Thov qhia cov lus hauv qab no)

Yuav ua li cas tau qhov no koj xav txawv txog lwm txoj kev ua tsov ua rog?

Koj yuav ntxiv dab tsi, lossis hloov, lossis nug txog qhov no?

Koj ua tau dab tsi los pab kom ntau tus neeg nkag siab txog cov kev hloov mus ua rog?

Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua qhov kev qhia no ua rau kev ua tsov ua rog puas muaj tseeb?

Thov qhia cov khoom siv no!

Related posts

Saib lwm cov ntawv hais txog “Kev Yuam Kev Ruaj Ntseg”

saib tag nrho cov lus ntawm txheem Ib Thoob Ntiajteb Kev Ruaj Ntseg: Lwm Yam Ua Tsov Rog

Sau ntawv:
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
10. Saib ntawm tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Nobel Peace Laureate Organisation thoob ntiaj teb Physicians rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Nuclear Tsov "Nuclear famine: 2 lab tus tib neeg pheej hmoo" (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
11. ibid (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
12. ibid (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
13. http://nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/pressreleases/pollux120612 (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
14. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/us/us-ramping-up-major-renewal-in-nuclear-arms.html?_r=0 (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
15. http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub585.pdf (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_nuclear_accidents (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
17. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_States_Air_Force_nuclear_weapons_incident (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
18. http://cdn.defenseone.com/defenseone/interstitial.html?v=2.1.1&rf=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fideas%2F2014%2F11%2Flast-thing-us-needs-are-mobile-nuclear-missiles%2F98828%2F (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
19. http://cdn.defenseone.com/defenseone/interstitial.html?v=2.1.1&rf=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fideas%2F2014%2F11%2Flast-thing-us-needs-are-mobile-nuclear-missiles%2F98828%2F (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
20. Saib kuj, Eric Schlosser, Kev Txiav Txim thiab Kev Tswj: Nuclear Riam phom, Damascus Accident, thiab Illusion ntawm Kev Nyab Xeeb; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Petrov (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
21. http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2005_04/LookingBack (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
22. http://www.inesap.org/book/securing-our-survival (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
23. Cov States uas muaj nuclear riam phom yuav tsum tau ua kom puas ntsoog lawv cov nuclear arsenals hauv cov theem. Cov theem tsib yuav ua raws li nram qab no: kev siv nuclear kev tawm tsam ceeb toom, rhuav tshem riam phom ntawm kev xa tawm, tshem tawm cov hluav taws tub rog ntawm lawv lub tsheb, disabling warheads, tshem tawm thiab disfiguring lub 'pits' thiab muab cov khoom fissile nyob thoob ntiaj teb tswj. Raws li cov qauv kev cai, kev tsav tsheb kuj yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg lossis hloov mus rau ib qho tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub cev. Ntxiv mus, NWC yuav txwv tsis pub tsim khoom siv fais cov khoom siv. Lub Xeev Tog kuj yuav tsim kom muaj lub Koom Haum rau Cov Kev Txwv ntawm Nuclear Riam phom uas yuav ua tiav nrog kev tshawb nrhiav, kev ua raws kev txiav txim siab, kev txiav txim siab, thiab kev sib tham rau kev sib tham thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm txhua lub Xeev. Lub Agency yuav muaj kev sib tham ntawm Lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm Cov Xeev Cov Neeg Tawm, ib Pawg Txwj Laus Tswj Haujlwm thiab Cov Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm. Cov lus tshaj tawm yuav tsum tau muaj los ntawm txhua lub Xeev Tog uas hais txog txhua yam riam phom, khoom, chaw, thiab xa tsheb los ntawm lawv qhov chaw los yog kev tswj nrog lawv cov chaw. "Ua raws li 2007 tus qauv NWC," States Parties yuav tsum tau los txais kev cai lij choj muab rau kev foob ntawm cov neeg ua txhaum kev ua txhaum thiab kev tiv thaiv rau cov neeg qhia txog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub Convention. Lub xeev kuj tseem yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj ib lub teb chaws ua dej num rau lub teb chaws cov kev ua haujlwm hauv kev siv. Lub Convention yuav siv cov cai thiab cov luag num tsis yog rau Lub Xeev Cov Neeg tiam sis kuj yog rau cov tib neeg thiab cov koom haum. Raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm lub Convention yuav raug xa mus rau ICJ [International Court of Justice] nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm Cov Xeev Cov Tog Neeg. Lub Agency yuav muaj peev xwm thov tau lub tswv yim tawm tswv yim los ntawm lub ICJ rau txoj kev tsis txaus siab. Lub Convention yuav muab rau cov lus teb tiav rau cov pov thawj ntawm tsis ua raws cai nrog kev sab laj, kev pom meej, thiab kev sib tham. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov rooj plaub yuav raug xa mus rau UN General Assembly thiab Security Council. "[Source: Nuclear Threat Initiative, http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/proposed-nuclear-weapons-convention-nwc/ ] (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
24. www.icanw.org (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
25. https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/rebecca-johnson/austrian-pledge-to-ban-nuclear-weapons (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
26. http://www.paxchristi.net/sites/default/files/nuclearweaponstimeforabolitionfinal.pdf (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
27. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2012_06/NATO_Sticks_With_Nuclear_Policy (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)
28. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_sharing (rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus)