Los ntawm Nick Turse, Cuaj hlis 28 2017, Cov kev cuam tshuam.
"Kuv xav tias thaum Americans tham txog tsov rog Nyab Laj ... peb yuav tham txog peb tus kheej. Tiam sis yog tias peb xav to taub nws ... los yog sim teb cov nqe lus nug, 'ua li cas?' Koj twb tau txais peb daim duab, " hais tias filmmaker Ken Burns ntawm nws zaj dab neeg PBS documentary series "Nyab Laj Nyab Laj." "Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi yog yuav mus. Thiab peb muaj ntau yam kev sib ntaus sib tua uas koj tau sab South Seas cov tub rog thiab Asmeskas cov advisors lossis ... lawv cov kwvtij thiab Vietcong lossis North Vietnamese. Koj yuav tsum tau nyob hauv thiab nkag siab lawv xav li cas. "
Burns thiab nws tus thawj coj Lynn Novick siv 10 xyoo rau ntawm "Nyab Laj Tebchaws Nyab Laj," uas yog lawv tus tsim los ntawm Sarah Botstein, kws sau ntawv Geoffrey Ward, 24 advisors, thiab lwm tus. Lawv tau sau 25,000 cov duab, feature ze 80 cov neeg Asmeskas thiab lus Nyab Laj, thiab siv $ 30 lab rau ntawm qhov project. 18-teev series yog ib qho kev xav tsis thoob dab neeg, ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv uas Burns thiab Novick coj pom kev txaus siab. "Nyab Laj teb Nyab Laj" muaj ntau ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab vintage zaj duab xis, zoo nkauj duab, muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Aquarius soundtrack, thiab cov ntiv tes ua kom txaus. Tej zaum qhov no yog qhov kub nyhiab txhais tau li cas triangulation. Koob zoo li haj yam txawj xav ua kom rov hais dua rau cov neeg Amelikas coob tus tuaj. Tab sis raws li qhia peb txog "dab tsi tshwm sim," Kuv tsis pom ntau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntawd.
Zoo li Burns thiab Novick, Kuv kuj tau siv sijhawm kaum xyoo ua haujlwm hauv Nyab Laj Tebchaws Nyab Laj, tab sis yog tau siv nyiaj ntau dua, muaj ib phau ntawv hu ua "Tua Txhua Yam Tawm Tseg"Zoo li Burns thiab Novick, Kuv tau hais lus nrog cov tub rog thiab poj niam, Asmeskas thiab lus Nyab Laj. Zoo li Burns thiab Novick, kuv xav tias kuv yuav kawm "muaj dab tsi" los ntawm lawv. Nws siv kuv lub xyoo paub tias kuv twb tuag lawm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim li cas kuv pom "Nyab Laj Tebchaws Nyab Laj" thiab nws txoj kev ua neeg tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm cov tub rog thiab tus tub rog hais lus taub hau kom mob siab.
Kev ua tsov ua rog tsis yog kov yeej, txawm yog kev ua rog yog ib feem ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Cov tub tua hluav taws tsis yog cov neeg tseem ceeb nyob hauv kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub no. Nimno niaj hnub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov pejxeem ntau thiab ntev tshaj cov neeg tua rog. Feem ntau cov tub rog Asmeskas thiab Marines siv 12 lossis 13 lub hlis, feem ntau, ua haujlwm hauv Nyab Laj. Nyab laj los ntawm ib lub xeev Nyab Laj teb, xws li Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, thiab cov neeg Mekong Delta - cov chaw nyob ntawm ntug zos uas tau kub siab rau lub kiv puag ncig - nyob hauv kev ua tsov ua rog tom qab lub lis piam, hli tom qab lub hli , xyoo tom qab lub xyoo, los ntawm ib xyoo rau xyoo tom ntej. Burns thiab Novick zoo li feem ntau tau ploj lawm cov neeg no, tsis nco lawv cov dab neeg, thiab qhov kawg, tsis nco lub plawv tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Cov neeg Amelikas cov yeeb ncuab yuav ua rau cov neeg pluag tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Nyab Laj, uas tau ua rau cov neeg tawg rog khaus thiab kev ntaus pob, xws li "tsim" cov neeg tawg rog, Cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev neeg tau tsim kev kub ntxhov, tag nrho cov zos tau nruj heev, thiab cov neeg raug yuam mus rau hauv cov neeg thoj nam tawg rog thiab cov ntxhuav hauv nroog hauv cov dej luv, tsis muaj dej, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab vaj tse.
Yees duab: Bettmann Archive / Getty Images
Kuv tau tham nrog pua pua ntawm Nyab Laj ntawm cov chaw nyob deb nroog. Nyob hauv zos me nyuam yaus, lawv tau hais rau kuv txog kev raused ntawm lawv tsev thiab tom qab ntawd raug yuam kom rov qab mus rau qhov kev tuag, vim kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg, thiab feem ntau tsuas yog ciaj sia. Lawv tau piav txog seb nws zoo li nyob li cas, rau xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov nyom hoom qav taub. Lawv tham txog tsev kub hnyiab dua thiab dua, ua ntej lawv muab kho dua thiab pib ua neej nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw nyob hauv cov pob zeb hauv hiav txwv ua rau lub ntiaj teb. Lawv tau qhia kuv txog kev khoov hauv cov bunkers thaum pib hluav taws kub pib. Thiab ces lawv hais rau kuv txog qhov kev ua si tos.
Koj tuaj yeem ntev npaum li cas hauv koj lub cev? Ntev txaus kom tsis txhob raug ntaus, tab sis tsis ntev ces koj tseem nyob hauv nws thaum Amelikas thiab lawv cov grenades tuaj txog. Yog tias koj tawm ntawm lub tsev kaw neeg lub sijhawm tsis ntev dhau los, tshuab tua phom tua hluav taws los ntawm ib lub nyoob hoom qav taub yuav txiav koj ib nrab. Los yog koj tuaj yeem ntes tau rau hauv kev sib tsoo ntawm kev thim tub rog thiab tuaj pab pawg tub rog Asmeskas. Tab sis yog tias koj tau tos ntev dhau lawm, cov Neeg Mis Kas yuav pib ntaus cov pob hluav taws hauv koj lub tsev rau hauv tsev vim tias, rau lawv, nws yog ib qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas muaj peev xwm tua tau.
Lawv tau hais rau kuv txog kev tos, khav hauv maub, sim twv seb qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hnyav heev, feem ntau npau taws thiab ntshai, cov neeg Amelikas uas tuaj txog ntawm lawv lub qhov rooj. Txhua thib ob teeb meem immensely. Nws tsis yog koj lub neej xwb ntawm txoj kab; tag nrho koj tsev neeg yuav raug tshem tawm. Thiab cov lus teb tau mus rau ntau xyoo, ua txhua txoj kev txiav txim siab tawm ntawm qhov chaw nkaum, hnub los yog hmo ntuj, los daws nws tus kheej los yog nqa dej los yog sim sau cov zaub ua rau tsev neeg tshaib plab. Kev ua neej txhua hnub los ua qhov kev soj ntsuam txog txoj sia-lossis kev tuag yuav tsis muaj qhov kawg.
Kuv yuav tsum hnov cov lus ntawm zaj dab neeg no dhau los ua ntej kuv pib txais kev xav ntawm kev raug mob thiab kev txom nyem. Tom qab ntawd kuv tau pib ua tsaug rau cov neeg muaj teeb meem. Raws li Pentagon cov nuj nqis, nyob rau Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj 1969 nyob ib leeg, cua tsoo raug kwv los nyob rau ntawm los yog nyob ze ntawm cov neeg nyob ze ntawm 3.3 million Vietnamese nyob. Qhov ntawd yog ib lub hli ntawm kev tsov rog uas tau ntev ntev dua ib xyoo. Kuv pib xav txog tag nrho cov neeg pej xeem crouched nyob rau hauv kev ntshai raws li cov pob tawg poob. Kuv pib tally cov ntshai thiab nws tus xov tooj. Kuv pib nkag siab txog "dab tsi tshwm sim."
Kuv pib xav txog lwm tus lej, ib yam nkaus thiab. Ntau tshaj 58,000 cov tub rog ua haujlwm hauv US thiab 254,000 ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb hauv Nyab Laj poob lawv lub neej hauv kev ua tsov ua rog. Lawv cov neeg sib tw, Sab Qaum Teb Nyab Laj thiab Nyab Laj Teb Chaws Nyab Laj (South Vietnamese Guerrillas) tau raug kev tsim txom ntau heev.
Tab sis pej xeem casualties kiag li dwarf cov zauv. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj leej twg yuav paub qhov tseeb tiag, 2008 txoj kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam ntawm Harvard Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob thiab Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Ntsuas hauv University of Washington thiab ib qho kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsoom fwv, pom tias muaj kwv yees li ntawm 2 lab tus pej xeem neeg tuag, feem coob nyob rau sab qab zog Nyab Laj. Tus neeg raug tua neeg raug mob ntawm cov neeg raug mob uas yog 5.3 lab neeg raug mob. Ntxiv rau cov xov tooj 11 lab haiv neeg uas tau tsav los ntawm lawv cov av thiab ua tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm los yog lwm qhov, thiab ntau li 4.8 lab txau nrog tshuaj lom neeg defoliants zoo li Agent Orange. "Nyab Laj teb Nyab Laj" tsuas yog muaj zog ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pej xeem neeg ntawm no thiab nws txhais li cas.
Yees duab: AP
Rov qab tsib ntawm "Kev Nyab Xeeb Tebchaws Nyab Laj," hu ua "No Yog Peb Ua," pib nrog tub rog Marine Corps Roger Harris mus txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua phem. "Koj hloov mus rau lub atrocities ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Koj hloov mus tua, tuag, "nws hais tias. "Tom qab ib ntus, nws tsis thab koj. Kuv yuav tsum hais, nws tsis thab koj ntau li ntau. "
Nws yog tus cwj pwm zoo heev thiab yog pom zoo rau cov neeg saib raws li lub qhov rais mus rau qhov tseeb lub ntsej muag ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Nws ua rau kuv xav hais tias, txawm li cas los xij, txog ib tus neeg uas tau paub txog kev ua tsov rog ntev ntev thiab ntau dua li Harris tau ua. Nws lub npe yog Ho Thi A thiab hauv lub suab, ntsuas suab nws qhia kuv txog ib hnub nyob hauv 1970 thaum US Marines tuaj mus rau nws lub pob zeb ntawm Le Bac 2. Nws hais rau kuv li cas, raws li ib tug hluas nkauj, nws tau npog hauv nws lub pog thiab nws cov pog thiab cov neeg laus neeg laus, ua rau cov neeg Asmeskas tuaj txog - thiab ua li cas ib tug neeg Asmeskas tau siv nws rab phom thiab tua ob tug poj niam laus tuag lawm. (Ib qho ntawm Marines nyob rau hauv lub zos me nyuam hnub ntawd qhia kuv tias nws tau pom ib tug poj niam laus "plab-txhaj" thiab tuag thiab ob peb pawg me me ntawm cov neeg tuag, nrog rau cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam, thaum nws taug kev los.)
Ho Thi A qhia nws zaj dab neeg kom zoo thiab sau tau. Nws tsuas yog thaum kuv tsiv mus rau ntau cov lus nug uas nws mam li nco dheev tsoo, sobbing convulsively. Nws quaj rau kaum feeb. Tom qab ntawd nws yog kaum tsib. Tom qab ntawd nees nkaum. Ces ntau. Txawm hais tias nws tau siv nws txoj kev tswj hwm nws tus kheej, kev dej nyab ntawm cov kua muag tau ntog tawm.
Ib yam li Harris, nws tau yoog thiab txav mus nrog nws lub neej, tab sis qhov kev ua phem, tua neeg, tus neeg tuag, tau ua rau nws nyuaj siab
Ho Thi ib hauv 2008.
Yees duab: Tam Turse
- kuj nce mentsis. Uas tsis surprise kuv. Tsov rog tuaj txog ntawm nws lub qhov rooj, coj nws pog, thiab txav mus rau nws lub neej. Nws twb tsis tau ncig txog lub luag haujlwm. Nws nyob hauv kev ua tsov ua rog txhua hnub ntawm nws tus hluas thiab tseem nyob ntawm qhov chaw tua ntawd. Tom qab tag nrho tag nrho cov kev txom nyem ntawm tag nrho South Thaib tus Ho Thi A, tag nrho cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam thiab cov txiv neej laus uas huddled nyob rau hauv cov bunkers, cov neeg uas cov pob zeb hlawv, cov neeg ua tsis muaj tsev nyob, cov neeg tuag nyob rau hauv cov pob thiab ntaus, thiab cov neeg uas faus cov neeg tsis muaj hmoo uas tau ploj mus, thiab nws yog ib qho tsis zoo, tsis muaj leej twg xav tau - thiab, los ntawm cov leb tus kheej, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
Nws muaj rau txhua tus neeg xav nrhiav nws. Cia li nrhiav cov txiv neej uas muaj lub ntsej muag napalm-scarred los yog phosphorus-melted ntsej muag. Nrhiav cov niam tais uas tsis muaj caj npab thiab ob txhais taw, cov poj niam laus uas muaj cov pob txha poob qis thiab tsis tuaj lub qhov muag. Muaj tsis muaj tsis txaus, txawm tias muaj tsawg dua txhua txhua hnub.
Yog hais tias koj xav paub txog "dab tsi" hauv Nyab Laj, tag nrho txhais tau tias saib "Nyab Laj teb Nyab Laj." Tiam sis thaum koj ua, raws li koj zaum los qhuas qhov "tsis tshua pom thiab digitally re-mastered archival footage," thaum grooving rau "iconic suab paj nruag recordings los ntawm [tus] loj tshaj li cov neeg ntawm lub era," thiab pondering "suab paj nruag thawj cov suab paj nruag los ntawm Trent Reznor thiab Atticus Ross," xav hais tias qhov tseeb koj nyob nraum hauv koj qhov qab daus, tias koj lub tsev saum toj no yog kub, qhov kev tuag hov qis tshaj hovering nyiaj siv, thiab hnyav hnyav hnav cov hluas - t hais koj cov lus - yog muaj nyob rau hauv koj vaj, qw hais tias koj tsis to taub, dov grenades rau hauv koj tus neeg zej zog lub cellar, thiab yog tias koj khiav tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws, rau hauv kev chaos, ib tug ntawm lawv cia li tua koj.
Cov duab saum toj kawg nkaus: US Marine sawv nrog Nyab Laj cov me nyuam raws li lawv saib lawv lub tsev kub hnyiab tom qab ib tus saib xyuas nws ua nws tom qab nrhiav AK-47 muas txwv, Jan. 13, 1971, 25 mais sab qab teb ntawm Da Nang.
Nick Turse yog tus sau "Tua txhua yam uas tsiv: Tsov rog tiag Asmeskas hauv Nyab Laj teb, "Ib qho ntawm cov phau ntawv pom tau tias yog" nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab "ntawm PBS website rau "Kev Nyab Xeeb Nyab Laj." Nws yog ib qho koom nrog rau Txoj Kev Tshaj Tawm.
