Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm rau lub lim tiam no qhia txog qhov uas cov riam phom tau siv rau ntawm "cov hom phiaj mos"
Cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia txog ntau npaum li 181,000 qhov sib npaug ntawm cov phom uranium uas tau tua nyob rau xyoo 2003 los ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog hauv Iraq tau raug tshawb nrhiav los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, sawv cev rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb siv thaum lub sij hawm US-coj invasion.
Los ntawm Xamuyee Oakford, IRIN Xov Xwm
Lub cache, tso tawm rau George Washington University hauv 2013 tab sis txog tam sim no tsis tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem, qhia tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm 1,116 sorties ua los ntawm A-10 cov neeg ua haujlwm dav hlau thaum lub Peb Hlis thiab Plaub Hlis ntawm 2003 tau tsom rau qhov hu ua "cov hom phiaj mos" zoo li tsheb thiab tsheb thauj khoom, nrog rau cov tsev thiab cov tub rog txoj haujlwm. Qhov no ua haujlwm sib npaug rau cov nyiaj uas cov foob pob hluav taws tau siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj thiab tsis yog tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tsheb tub rog uas lub Pentagon tswj hwm super-penetrative DU munitions yog npaj rau.
Cov ntaub ntawv tawm tsam thawj zaug tau raug xa rov qab rau Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv thov los ntawm George Washington University's National Security Archive, tab sis tsis raug tshuaj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm nws tus kheej txog tam sim no.
Nyuam qhuav pib lub xyoo no, Archive tau muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Dutch NGO PAX, thiab pab pawg tawm tswv yim, International Coalition rau Ban Uranium Riam phom (ICBUW), uas tau nuv ntses rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. IRIN tau txais ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm PAX thiab ICBUW, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom uas yuav tshaj tawm tom qab lub lim tiam no.
Kev lees paub tias cov foob pob hluav taws tau siv ntau dua li qhov tau lees paub yav dhau los tuaj yeem rov hu xov tooj rau cov kws tshawb fawb los saib tob rau hauv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm DU rau cov pej xeem hauv thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov foob pob tawg tau raug xav tias - tab sis tsis tau lees paub tseeb - ntawm qhov ua rau cancer thiab yug tus me nyuam yug los, ntawm lwm yam teeb meem.
Tab sis raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob qho kev tsis txaus ntseeg txuas ntxiv hauv Iraq thiab qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas los qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tshawb fawb, tseem muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev kis kabmob hauv Iraq. Qhov no tau tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev uas qhov kev xav tau nthuav dav txog DU, qee qhov kev koom tes.
Kev paub tias DU raug tua thoob plaws lub tebchaws, tab sis tsis meej pem txog qhov twg thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas tau ntxhov siab rau Iraqis, uas tam sim no ib zaug ntxiv ntsib ib thaj chaw uas muaj kev tsov rog, kev tuag, thiab kev khiav tawm.
Niaj hnub no, tib lub dav hlau A-10 tau ya dua ib zaug hla Iraq, nrog rau Syria, qhov chaw uas lawv tsom mus rau lub npe hu ua Islamic State. Txawm hais tias Asmeskas tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm hais tias DU tsis tau raug rho tawm haujlwm, tsis muaj Pentagon txwv tsis pub ua li ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb tau muab rau Congress tau nug cov lus nug txog nws txoj kev xa mus rau xyoo tas los.
Qhov scientific haze
Depleted uranium yog dab tsi tseem tshuav thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog heev uranium-235 enriched - nws cov isotopes tau sib cais hauv cov txheej txheem uas siv los ua ob lub foob pob nuclear thiab lub zog.
DU tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua li qhov qub, tab sis tseem suav tias yog tshuaj lom thiab "kua hluav taws xob noj qab haus huv thaum nyob hauv lub cev", raws li mus rau US Environmental Protection Agency.
Ntau tus kws kho mob ntseeg tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau yuav zoo li qia los ntawm kev nqus ntawm cov khoom tom qab siv riam phom DU, txawm tias kev noj haus kuj tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Txawm hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav hauv chav kuaj thiab ntawm cov tub rog me me, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob dav dav tau ua rau cov pej xeem raug cuam tshuam rau DU hauv thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb, suav nrog Iraq.
Muaj "cov pov thawj tsis txaus ntseeg tsis txaus ntseeg" uas ua pov thawj muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm DU thiab kev noj qab haus huv hauv cov chaw no, David Brenner, tus thawj coj ntawm Columbia University's Center for Radiological Research, piav qhia rau IRIN. Tom qab thawj zaug pom tus kab mob los taug qab - piv txwv li mob qog noj ntshav - Brenner tau hais tias txoj kev tshawb no yuav xav tau " txheeb xyuas cov neeg raug mob, thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas qhov twg yog qhov tshwm sim rau txhua tus neeg". Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas cov ntaub ntawv tsom mus rau hauv kev ua si.
Cov ntaub ntawv kuj tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv zog ntxuav, yog tias lawv puas tau ua tiav ntawm qhov loj. Tab sis tsuas yog 783 ntawm 1,116 lub davhlau cav muaj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, thiab Asmeskas tsis tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv no rau thawj Tsov Rog Gulf, thaum ntau dua. 700,000 rounds raug rho tawm haujlwm. Activists muaj dubbed uas tsis sib haum xeeb "qhov tshuaj lom tshaj plaws" hauv keeb kwm.
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, DU tau tswj nruj nruj, nrog rau kev txwv ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm cov chaw tub rog, thiab cov txheej txheem huv huv tau ua raws li kev tua hluav taws. Xyoo 1991, thaum hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tshwm sim ntawm Asmeskas tub rog lub hauv paus hauv Kuwait thiab DU cov foob pob tawg hauv cheeb tsam, Tsoomfwv Meskas tau them nyiaj rau kev ntxuav thiab muaj 11,000 cubic meters ntawm cov av tshem tawm thiab xa rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Meskas kom khaws cia.
Ntshai tias siv DU puag ncig tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau xyoo, cov kws tshaj lij hais tias cov kauj ruam zoo li no - thiab cov uas zoo sib xws hauv Balkans tom qab muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb - tseem yuav tsum tau ua hauv Iraq. Tab sis ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov tub ceev xwm yuav tsum paub qhov twg mus saib.
Doug Weir, tus kws saib xyuas thoob ntiaj teb ntawm ICBUW tau hais tias "Koj tsis tuaj yeem hais cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm DU yog tias koj tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov twg riam phom tau siv thiab cov kauj ruam twg tau ua,"
Dab tsi cov ntaub ntawv qhia - thiab dab tsi nws tsis
Nrog kev tso tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau nyob ze rau lub hauv paus no ntau dua li yav dhau los, txawm tias daim duab tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Ntau tshaj 300,000 DU rounds tau kwv yees tias tau raug rho tawm haujlwm thaum xyoo 2003 ua tsov rog, feem ntau yog Asmeskas.
FOIA tso tawm, tawm los ntawm US Central Command (CENTCOM), nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw paub uas muaj peev xwm DU kis tau los ntawm kev ua tsov rog xyoo 2003 mus rau ntau dua 1,100 - peb zaug ntau npaum li 350 uas cov thawj coj ntawm Iraq lub chaw saib xyuas ib puag ncig tau hais rau PAX nws paub. ntawm thiab sim ua kom huv.
Qee qhov 227,000 qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hu ua "kev sib ntaus sib tua" - kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm feem ntau ntawm Armour-Piercing Incendiary (API) munitions, uas muaj DU, thiab High-Explosive Incendiary (HEI) munitions - tau tshaj tawm tias raug rho tawm haujlwm. Ntawm CENTCOM tus kheej kwv yees piv ntawm 4 API rau txhua qhov HEI munition, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj txog ntawm tag nrho 181,606 rounds ntawm DU siv.
Thaum lub xyoo 2013 FOIA tso tawm yog qhov dav, nws tseem tsis suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Asmeskas cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lossis siv rau kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov chaw khaws cia thaum ua tsov rog, lossis txhua yam hais txog kev siv DU los ntawm Asmeskas cov phooj ywg. Lub UK tau muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txwv tsis pub tua los ntawm British tso tsheb hlau luam xyoo 2003 rau UN lub koom haum ib puag ncig, UNEP.
Ib xyoo 1975 US Air Force tshuaj xyuas tau pom zoo tias DU riam phom tsuas yog "rau siv tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov neeg ua haujlwm armored lossis lwm lub hom phiaj nyuaj". Nws tau hais tias kev xa DU tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm raug txwv tshwj tsis yog tsis muaj lwm yam riam phom uas tsim nyog. Cov ntaub ntawv tua hluav taws tshiab, tau sau PAX thiab ICBUW hauv lawv qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, "ua kom pom tseeb tias cov kev txwv uas tau hais hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tau raug tsis quav ntsej ntau". Tseeb tiag, tsuas yog 33.2 feem pua ntawm 1,116 lub hom phiaj tau teev tseg yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam lossis cov tsheb thauj khoom.
"Nws qhia meej meej tias txawm tias txhua qhov kev sib cav tau muab los ntawm Asmeskas, tias A-10s yuav tsum tau kov yeej cov cuab yeej, feem ntau ntawm qhov raug ntaus yog cov hom phiaj tsis muaj armoured, thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov hom phiaj tau nyob ze thaj chaw muaj neeg nyob," Wim Zwijnenburg, Tus kws tshawb fawb laus ntawm PAX, hais rau IRIN.
Txoj cai haze
Tsis zoo li cov mines thiab cov foob pob hluav taws, nrog rau cov riam phom lom neeg lossis tshuaj lom neeg - txawm tias cov lasers dig muag - tsis muaj kev cog lus rau kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom lossis kev siv riam phom DU.
"Kev raug cai ntawm kev siv DU nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis sib haum xeeb yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg," Beth Van Schaack, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm tib neeg txoj cai ntawm Stanford University, thiab ib tug qub tub ceev xwm US State Department, hais rau IRIN.
Txoj cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb muaj xws li txwv tsis pub siv riam phom uas yuav xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntev thiab kev txwv tsis pub siv txoj kev ua tsov rog uas ua rau muaj kev raug mob loj heev thiab kev txom nyem tsis tsim nyog. "Tsis pom cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua ntawm qhov cuam tshuam tam sim thiab mus sij hawm ntev ntawm DU rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig ntuj, txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj rau siv cov qauv no nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb," Van Schaack hais.
Hauv 2014 UN tsab ntawv ceeb toom, tsoomfwv Iraqi tau tshaj tawm "nws qhov kev txhawj xeeb tob txog qhov teeb meem" ntawm depleted uranium deployed nyob rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab hu rau ib tug treaty txwv tsis pub nws siv thiab hloov. Nws tau hu rau cov tebchaws uas tau siv cov riam phom zoo li no hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb los muab cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog "nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw siv thiab cov nqi siv," txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Silence thiab tsis meej pem
Pekka Haavisto, uas yog tus thawj coj UNEP txoj haujlwm tom qab kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Iraq thaum xyoo 2003, hais rau IRIN nws tau paub ntau lub sijhawm tias DU cov foob pob tawg tsoo lub tsev thiab lwm lub hom phiaj uas tsis yog armoured nrog tsis tu ncua.
Txawm hais tias nws pab neeg hauv Iraq tsis tau ua haujlwm nrog kev soj ntsuam kev siv DU, cov cim qhia ntawm nws nyob txhua qhov chaw, nws hais. Hauv Baghdad, cov tsev ua haujlwm tau raug cim nrog kev puas tsuaj los ntawm DU foob pob, uas UN cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb. Thaum lub sijhawm Haavisto thiab nws cov npoj yaig tawm hauv Iraq tom qab kev foob pob xyoo 2003 uas tau tsom mus rau Baghdad lub tsev so ua haujlwm hauv UN lub hauv paus, nws tau hais tias muaj ob peb lub cim qhia tias Asmeskas-coj cov tub rog xav tias yuav tsum tau ntxuav DU lossis tseem ceeb toom rau Iraqis txog qhov twg nws tau raug tua. .
"Thaum peb daws teeb meem DU, peb tuaj yeem pom tias cov tub rog uas siv nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau lawv tus kheej cov neeg ua haujlwm," Haavisto, tam sim no yog tus tswv cuab ntawm Parliament hauv Finland.
"Tab sis tom qab ntawd cov laj thawj zoo sib xws tsis siv tau thaum koj hais txog cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw uas nws tau raug tsom - qhov tseeb yog qhov cuam tshuam me ntsis rau kuv. Yog tias koj xav tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov tub rog muaj kev phom sij, tau kawg muaj kev phom sij zoo sib xws rau cov neeg tom qab tsov rog nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws. "
Ntau lub nroog thiab lub nroog hauv Iraq, suav nrog Fallujah, tau tshaj tawm txog kev yug me nyuam hauv plab uas cov neeg hauv zos xav tias yuav txuas nrog DU lossis lwm yam khoom siv ua tsov rog. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv DU - Fallujah, piv txwv li, NW nyuam qhuav tshwm sim hauv FOIA tso tawm - cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias tag nrho kev nthuav tawm ntawm DU lub hom phiaj qhov chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab raws li qhov ua rau.
"Tsis yog [cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hais txog, tab sis cov lus qhia hauv nws dhau lawm," Tus xibfwb ntawm txoj cai lij choj sim ua rau cov phiaj xwm prying los ntawm Asmeskas tsoomfwv. Ob tus qub tub rog Asmeskas thiab Iraqis, nws tau hais tias, xav tau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov phom phom lom, yog li cov tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem "kho cov chaw muaj tshuaj lom los tiv thaiv cov neeg Iraqis yav tom ntej, thiab muab kev kho mob tsim nyog rau cov neeg raug mob los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv no".
Puas yog DU Rov Qab?
Lub lim tiam no, Pentagon tus cev lus tau lees paub rau IRIN tias tsis muaj "txoj cai txwv kev siv DU hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv-ISIL" hauv Iraq lossis Syria.
Thiab thaum US Air Force pheej tsis kam lees tias DU foob pob tau siv los ntawm A-10s thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawd, Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog tau muab cov xwm txheej sib txawv rau tsawg kawg ib tus tswvcuab ntawm Congress. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis, raws li qhov kev thov ntawm ib tus neeg sawv cev, lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Arizona Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Martha McSally - yav dhau los A-10 tus tsav nrog A-10s nyob hauv nws cheeb tsam - nug seb DU puas tau siv hauv Syria lossis Iraq. Ib tug tub ceev xwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog Tub Rog tau teb hauv email tias Asmeskas cov tub rog tau tua 6,479 qhov kev sib tw ntawm "Kev Sib Tw Sib Tw" hauv Syria nyob rau ob hnub - "lub 18th thiab 23rd nov 2015". Tus tub ceev xwm piav qhia qhov sib xyaw "muaj 5 rau 1 piv ntawm API (DU) rau HEI".
"Yog li nrog qhov hais tias, peb tau siv ~ 5,100 rounds API," nws sau, hais txog DU rounds.
hloov tshiab: Nyob rau 20 Lub Kaum Hli, CENTCOM tau lees paub rau IRIN tias US-coj koom haum ua haujlwm tau tua cov phom uranium depleted (DU) ntawm cov phiaj xwm hauv Syria ntawm 18 thiab 23 Kaum Ib Hlis 2015. Nws tau hais tias cov foob pob hluav taws raug xaiv vim yog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov hnub ntawd. Tus cev lus rau CENTCOM tau hais tias qhov tsis lees paub ua ntej yog vim "kev ua yuam kev hauv kev tshaj tawm qis qis."
Cov hnub no tau poob rau lub sijhawm hnyav ntawm US-coj tawm tsam tawm tsam IS cov khoom siv roj thiab tsheb thauj mus los, hu ua "Tidal Wave II". Raws li kev tshaj tawm xov xwm tshaj tawm, ntau pua lub tsheb roj tau raug puas tsuaj nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis thib ob hauv Syria, suav nrog 283 ib leeg on 22 nov.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov emails thiab Air Force cov lus teb yog thawj zaug xa mus rau hauv zos tiv thaiv nuclear activist Jack Cohen-Joppa, uas tau qhia lawv nrog IRIN. McSally lub chaw ua haujlwm tom qab tau lees paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob qho tib si. Tau mus txog lub lim tiam no, ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv Asmeskas tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tsis sib xws.
