Qhov no yog ib qho kev hloov kho ntawm qhov chaw nyob John Pilger muab rau ntawm Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Askiv thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 9, 2017 uas yog ib feem ntawm kev ua koob tsheej rov qab, 'Lub Hwj Chim ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv', tuav los ua cim lub tsev qiv ntawv tau txais Pilger cov ntawv sau cia.
los ntawm John Pilger, Kaum Ob Hlis 11, 2017, JohnPilger.com. RSN.
Kuv thawj zaug to taub lub hwj chim ntawm documentary thaum lub sij hawm editing ntawm kuv thawj zaj duab xis, Quiet Mutiny. Hauv kev tawm tswv yim, kuv hais txog ib tug qaib, uas kuv cov neeg coob thiab kuv tau ntsib thaum taug kev nrog cov tub rog Asmeskas hauv Nyab Laj.
"Nws yuav tsum yog Vietcong qaib - ib tug qaib communist," tus tub ceev xwm hais. Nws sau rau hauv nws daim ntawv qhia: "tus yeeb ncuab pom".
Lub sijhawm qaib zoo li hais txog qhov kev tsov rog ntawm kev tsov rog - yog li kuv tau muab tso rau hauv zaj duab xis. Qhov ntawd tej zaum yuav tsis txawj ntse. Tus tswj hwm ntawm kev lag luam TV hauv tebchaws Askiv - tom qab ntawd Lub Tuam Txhab Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees lossis ITA - tau thov kom pom kuv tsab ntawv. Qhov twg yog kuv qhov chaw rau kev nom kev tswv ntawm cov qaib? kuv nug. Puas yog ib tug qaib communist tiag tiag, lossis nws puas tuaj yeem yog nqaij qaib pro-American?
Tau kawg, qhov tsis muaj tseeb no muaj lub hom phiaj loj; Thaum Lub Quiet Mutiny tau tshaj tawm los ntawm ITV xyoo 1970, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Meskas rau Tebchaws Askiv, Walter Annenberg, tus phooj ywg ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Richard Nixon, tau yws rau ITA. Nws tsis yws txog tus qaib tab sis hais txog tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab. "Kuv npaj siab yuav qhia rau Tsev Dawb," tus kws tshaj lij sau ntawv. Gosh.
Lub Quiet Mutiny tau qhia tias cov tub rog Asmeskas hauv Nyab Laj tab tom rhuav tshem nws tus kheej. Muaj kev tawm tsam qhib: cov txiv neej uas tau sau tseg tau tsis kam xaj thiab tua lawv cov tub ceev xwm tom qab lossis "fragging" lawv nrog grenades thaum lawv pw.
Tsis muaj qhov no tau xov xwm. Qhov nws txhais tau tias yog tsov rog poob lawm; thiab tus tub txib tsis txaus siab rau.
Tus Thawj Coj-General ntawm ITA yog Sir Robert Fraser. Nws hu Denis Foreman, tom qab ntawd Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Haujlwm ntawm Granada TV, thiab tau mus rau hauv lub xeev apoplexy. Txau cov lus piav qhia, Sir Robert tau piav qhia kuv tias yog "kev puas tsuaj loj heev".
Dab tsi cuam tshuam rau tus tswj hwm thiab tus thawj tswj hwm yog lub hwj chim ntawm ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab ib leeg: lub hwj chim ntawm nws cov lus tseeb thiab cov neeg tim khawv: tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub rog hluas hais qhov tseeb thiab kho siab los ntawm tus tsim ua yeeb yaj kiab.
Kuv yog ib tug kws sau xov xwm. Kuv yeej tsis tau ua yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej thiab kuv tau them nuj nqis rau Charles Denton, tus tsim tawm los ntawm BBC, uas tau qhia kuv tias qhov tseeb thiab pov thawj qhia ncaj qha rau lub koob yees duab thiab rau cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm nom tswv lus dag yog lub zog ntawm documentary. Tam sim no kuv tau ua 60 zaj yeeb yaj kiab thiab kuv ntseeg tias tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li lub zog no hauv lwm qhov nruab nrab.
Nyob rau xyoo 1960, tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab hluas zoo nkauj, Peter Watkins, tau tsim Kev Ua Tsov Rog rau BBC. Watkins rov tsim kho dua tom qab ntawm kev tawm tsam nuclear ntawm London.
Kev ua tsov ua rog raug txwv. BBC tau hais tias "Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab no tau raug txiav txim siab txaus ntshai heev rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tshaj tawm." Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm BBC Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj yog Tswv Normanbrook, uas tau ua Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv rau Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws. Nws tau sau ntawv mus rau nws tus thawj coj hauv Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws, Sir Burke Trend: "Kev Ua Tsov Rog tsis yog tsim los ua kev tshaj tawm: nws yog npaj los ua cov lus tseeb tseeb thiab yog ua raws li kev tshawb fawb ua tib zoo saib rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ... tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab kev qhia. ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv TV yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau pej xeem tus cwj pwm ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev cuam tshuam nuclear. "
Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub hwj chim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog xws li hais tias nws yuav ceeb toom tib neeg rau qhov tseeb txaus ntshai ntawm nuclear tsov rog thiab ua rau lawv nug txog lub hav zoov ntawm riam phom nuclear.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv txee qhia tias BBC zais cia nrog tsoomfwv txwv tsis pub Watkins zaj duab xis. Zaj dab neeg npog yog tias BBC muaj lub luag haujlwm los tiv thaiv "cov neeg laus nyob ib leeg thiab cov neeg muaj kev txawj hlwb tsawg".
Feem ntau ntawm cov xovxwm nqos qhov no. Qhov kev txwv ntawm Kev Ua Tsov Rog tau xaus txoj haujlwm ntawm Peter Watkins hauv British TV thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30. Tus kws tsim yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws no tau tawm ntawm BBC thiab Tebchaws Askiv, thiab npau taws tawm tsam thoob ntiaj teb tawm tsam censorship.
Qhia qhov tseeb, thiab tsis pom zoo los ntawm qhov tseeb, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab documentary.
Xyoo 1988, Thames TV tshaj tawm Tuag rau Pob Zeb, ib tug documentary hais txog kev ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Northern Ireland. Nws yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo thiab ua siab loj venture. Censorship ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm qhov hu ua Irish Troubles yog rife, thiab ntau ntawm peb nyob rau hauv documentaries tau nquag poob siab los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab sab qaum teb ntawm ciam teb. Yog tias peb sim, peb raug kos rau hauv quagmire ntawm kev ua raws cai.
Tus kws sau xov xwm Liz Curtis suav tias BBC tau txwv, kho lossis ncua qee qhov 50 TV loj hauv tebchaws Ireland. Muaj, tau kawg, muaj kev zam, xws li John Ware. Roger Bolton, tus tsim tawm ntawm Tuag on the Rock, yog lwm tus. Kev tuag ntawm Pob Zeb tau tshaj tawm tias Tsoomfwv Askiv tau siv SAS cov tub ceev xwm tua neeg txawv tebchaws tawm tsam IRA, tua plaub tus neeg tsis muaj tub rog hauv Gibraltar.
Kev sib tw smear phem tau tawm tsam cov yeeb yaj kiab, coj los ntawm tsoomfwv Margaret Thatcher thiab Murdoch xovxwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Hnub Sunday Times, kho los ntawm Andrew Neil.
Nws yog tib zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas tau raug nug los ntawm nom tswv - thiab nws qhov tseeb tau raug pov thawj. Murdoch yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov kev liam ntawm ib qho ntawm cov neeg ua pov thawj tseem ceeb hauv zaj duab xis.
Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm nws. Thames TV, ib qho ntawm cov tshaj tawm tshiab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, tau raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam hauv tebchaws United Kingdom.
Puas yog tus thawj tswj hwm tau txiav txim siab ua pauj rau ITV thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab, zoo li nws tau ua rau cov miners? Peb tsis paub. Qhov peb paub yog tias lub hwj chim ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv no tau sawv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab, zoo li Tsov Rog Kev Ua Si, tau cim lub ntsiab lus siab hauv kev sau xov xwm.
Kuv ntseeg hais tias zoo documentaries exude ib artistic heresy. Lawv nyuaj rau categorize. Lawv tsis zoo li zaj dab neeg zoo. Lawv tsis zoo li cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem ua ke lub zog loj ntawm ob qho tib si.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Chile: kev sib ntaus ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj riam phom, yog ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm Patricio Guzman. Nws yog ib qho yeeb yaj kiab txawv tshaj plaw: qhov tseeb yog qhov trilogy ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab. Thaum nws tau tso tawm xyoo 1970, New Yorker nug tias: "Yuav ua li cas ib pab neeg ntawm tsib tus neeg, qee qhov tsis muaj kev ua yeeb yaj kiab yav dhau los, ua haujlwm nrog ib lub koob yees duab Éclair, ib lub suab nrov Nagra, thiab ib pob ntawm zaj duab xis dub thiab dawb, tsim ib qho haujlwm ntawm qhov loj?
Guzman's documentary yog hais txog kev rhuav tshem kev ywj pheej hauv Chile xyoo 1973 los ntawm fascists coj los ntawm General Pinochet thiab coj los ntawm CIA. Yuav luag txhua yam yog filmed tes tuav, ntawm lub xub pwg nyom. Thiab nco ntsoov qhov no yog lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis, tsis yog video. Koj yuav tsum hloov cov ntawv xov xwm txhua kaum feeb, lossis lub koob yees duab nres; thiab kev txav me ntsis thiab kev hloov ntawm lub teeb cuam tshuam rau daim duab.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Chile, muaj ib qho chaw ntawm lub ntees tuag ntawm ib tug tub ceev xwm naval, loyal rau Thawj Tswj Hwm Salvador Allende, uas raug tua los ntawm cov neeg npaj los rhuav tshem Allende txoj kev hloov kho tsoom fwv. Lub koob yees duab txav ntawm cov tub rog ntsej muag: tib neeg totems nrog lawv cov khoom plig thiab ribbons, lawv cov plaub hau coiffed thiab opaque qhov muag. Qhov kev ua phem ntawm lub ntsej muag hais tias koj tab tom saib lub ntees tuag ntawm tag nrho lub zej zog: ntawm kev ywj pheej nws tus kheej.
Muaj tus nqi them rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab kom siab tawv. Tus kws yees duab, Jorge Muller, tau raug ntes thiab coj mus rau qhov chaw tsim txom, qhov chaw nws "poob" mus txog thaum nws pom nws qhov ntxa ntau xyoo tom qab. Nws yog 27. Kuv thov qhuas nws lub cim xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv, cov pioneering ua hauj lwm ntawm John Grierson, Denis Mitchell, Norman Swallow, Richard Cawston thiab lwm yam filmmakers nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo tau hla kev sib faib loj ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv thiab nthuav qhia lwm lub teb chaws. Lawv twv muab lub koob yees duab thiab lub microphones rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg Askiv zoo tib yam thiab tso cai rau lawv hais lus lawv tus kheej.
John Grierson tau hais los ntawm qee tus kom tau sau lo lus "documentary". Nws hais tias "Kev ua yeeb yam nyob ntawm koj lub qhov rooj," nws hais nyob rau xyoo 1920, "txhua qhov chaw nyob, qhov twg muaj kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus, txhua qhov chaw muaj kev tsim txom thiab kev ua phem."
Cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab Askiv thaum ntxov tau ntseeg tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum hais los ntawm hauv qab no, tsis yog los ntawm saum toj no: nws yuav tsum yog nruab nrab ntawm tib neeg, tsis yog txoj cai. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog ntshav, hws thiab kua muag ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam uas muab peb cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg.
Denis Mitchell yog nto moo rau nws portraits ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm-chav kawm txoj kev. Nws tau hais tias, "Tshaj plaws ntawm kuv txoj haujlwm," nws tau hais tias, "Kuv tau xav tsis thoob txog qhov zoo ntawm tib neeg lub zog thiab lub meej mom". Thaum kuv nyeem cov lus no, kuv xav txog cov neeg muaj sia nyob ntawm Grenfell Ntauwd, lawv feem ntau tseem tos kom rov muaj tsev nyob, lawv txhua tus tseem tos kev ncaj ncees, raws li cov koob yees duab txav mus rau qhov rov ua dua ntawm kev ua tshoob ua koob tsheej.
Lub lig David Munro thiab kuv ua Xyoo Zero: Kev Tuag ntsiag to ntawm Cambodia Xyoo 1979. Zaj yeeb yaj kiab no tau ua rau muaj kev ntsiag to txog ib lub teb chaws raug ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo ntawm kev foob pob thiab kev tua neeg, thiab nws lub hwj chim koom nrog ntau lab tus txiv neej, poj niam thiab menyuam yaus hauv kev cawm ntawm ib haiv neeg ntawm lwm sab ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Txawm tias tam sim no, Xyoo Zero tso cov lus dag rau cov lus dab neeg uas cov pej xeem tsis quav ntsej, lossis cov uas saib xyuas nws thiaj li poob rau ib yam dab tsi hu ua "kev khuv leej neeg qaug zog".
Xyoo Zero tau saib los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib ntau dua li cov neeg tuaj saib tam sim no, nrov heev hauv British "kev muaj tiag" program Bake Off. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv TV hauv ntau dua 30 lub teb chaws, tab sis tsis yog hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov twg PBS tsis lees paub nws ncaj ncees, ntshai, raws li tus thawj coj, ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Reagan thawj coj tshiab. Hauv tebchaws Aas Kiv thiab Australia, nws tau tshaj tawm yam tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm - tib lub sijhawm, rau kuv txoj kev paub, qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam hauv TV.
Tom qab tshaj tawm xov xwm Askiv, ntau tshaj 40 lub hnab xa tuaj txog ntawm ATV lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv Birmingham, 26,000 thawj tsab ntawv hauv thawj tus ncej ib leeg. Nco ntsoov qhov no yog lub sijhawm ua ntej email thiab Facebook. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv yog £ 1 lab - feem ntau ntawm nws nyob rau hauv me me los ntawm cov neeg uas tsawg kawg yog them taus muab. "Qhov no yog rau Cambodia," sau tus neeg tsav tsheb npav, suav nrog nws cov nyiaj ua haujlwm lub lim tiam. Pensioners xa lawv cov nyiaj laus. Ib leej niam xa nws cov nyiaj khaws tseg ntawm £ 50. Cov neeg tuaj rau hauv kuv lub tsev nrog cov khoom ua si thiab nyiaj ntsuab, thiab thov rau Thatcher thiab paj huam ntawm indignation rau Pol Pot thiab rau nws tus neeg koom tes, Thawj Tswj Hwm Richard Nixon, uas nws cov foob pob ua rau kom cov fanatic nce.
Thawj zaug, BBC tau txhawb nqa ITV zaj duab xis. Qhov kev pab cuam Blue Peter tau hais kom cov menyuam "nqa thiab yuav" cov khoom ua si ntawm Oxfam cov khw thoob plaws tebchaws. Los ntawm Christmas, cov me nyuam tau tsa qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm £ 3,500,000. Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, Xyoo Zero tau nce ntau dua $ 55 lab, feem ntau tsis tau thov, thiab uas tau coj kev pab ncaj qha rau Cambodia: tshuaj, tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev teeb tsa tag nrho lub Hoobkas khaub ncaws uas tso cai rau tib neeg pov tseg cov khaub ncaws dub uas lawv tau raug yuam kom hnav los ntawm Pol Pot. Nws yog zoo li cov neeg tuaj saib tau tso tseg tsis tuaj saib thiab tau los ua neeg koom.
Ib yam zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum CBS TV tshaj tawm Edward R. Murrow zaj duab xis, Sau ntawm txaj muag, xyoo 1960. Qhov no yog thawj zaug uas cov neeg Amelikas nruab nrab feem ntau pom qhov ntsuas ntawm kev txom nyem hauv lawv nruab nrab.
Harvest of Shame yog zaj dab neeg ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw ua liaj ua teb uas tau raug kho me ntsis zoo dua li qhev. Niaj hnub no, lawv qhov kev tawm tsam muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo li cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab cov neeg tawg rog sib ntaus sib tua rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv cov chaw txawv tebchaws. Dab tsi zoo li txawv tshaj plaw yog tias cov menyuam yaus thiab xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm qee tus neeg hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab no yuav ua rau muaj kev tsim txom thiab nruj ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Trump.
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas niaj hnub no, tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm Edward R. Murrow. Nws qhov kev hais lus zoo, tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Asmeskas kev sau xov xwm tau raug tshem tawm hauv lub npe hu ua lub ntsiab lus thiab tau txais qhov chaw nkaum hauv internet.
Teb chaws Aas Kiv tseem yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tebchaws uas cov ntawv sau cia tseem muaj nyob hauv TV hauv lub sijhawm thaum cov neeg feem coob tseem tsaug zog. Tab sis documentaries uas tawm tsam qhov tau txais kev txawj ntse tau dhau los ua ib hom tsiaj uas muaj kev puas tsuaj, thaum lub sij hawm peb xav tau lawv tej zaum ntau dua li qhov qub.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb tom qab kev soj ntsuam, thaum tib neeg raug nug seb lawv xav li cas hauv TV, lawv hais tias documentaries. Kuv tsis ntseeg tias lawv txhais tau tias yog hom haujlwm tam sim no uas yog lub platform rau cov nom tswv thiab "cov kws tshaj lij" uas cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog loj thiab nws cov neeg raug tsim txom.
Observational documentaries yog nrov; tab sis cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog tshav dav hlau thiab tub ceev xwm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsis ua rau lub ntiaj teb. Lawv lom zem.
David Attenborough cov kev pab cuam ci ntsa iab ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntuj tsim ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua - lateatedly.
BBC's Panorama tau ua rau muaj kev nkag siab ntawm Tebchaws Askiv tsis pub leej twg paub txog kev txhawb nqa jihadism hauv Syria - belatedly.
Tab sis vim li cas Trump thiaj teeb hluav taws rau Middle East? Vim li cas sab hnub poob edging ze rau kev tsov rog nrog Russia thiab Tuam Tshoj?
Kos cov lus ntawm tus neeg piav qhia hauv Peter Watkins 'Kev Ua Tsov Rog Tsov Rog: "Nyob rau yuav luag tag nrho cov ncauj lus ntawm riam phom nuclear, tam sim no muaj kev ntsiag to tag nrho hauv xov xwm, thiab hauv TV. Muaj kev cia siab nyob rau hauv ib qho teeb meem tsis daws teeb meem lossis tsis paub txog. Tab sis puas muaj kev cia siab tiag tiag kom pom nyob hauv qhov ntsiag to?
Hauv 2017, qhov kev ntsiag to tau rov qab los.
Nws tsis yog xov xwm hais tias kev tiv thaiv ntawm riam phom nuclear tau raug tshem tawm ntsiag to thiab tam sim no Tebchaws Meskas tau siv $ 46 lab toj ib teev rau riam phom nuclear: qhov ntawd yog $ 4.6 lab txhua teev, 24 teev hauv ib hnub, txhua hnub. Leej twg paub qhov ntawd?
Tus Tsov rog Tsov rog rau Suav teb, uas kuv ua tiav xyoo tas los, tau tshaj tawm hauv UK tab sis tsis yog hauv Tebchaws Meskas - qhov twg 90 feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem tsis tuaj yeem sau npe lossis nrhiav lub peev ntawm North Kauslim lossis piav qhia vim li cas Trump xav rhuav tshem nws. Tuam Tshoj yog lwm lub qhov rooj rau North Kauslim.
Raws li ib tug "progressive" film distributor nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, cov neeg Amelikas tsuas yog txaus siab rau qhov nws hu ua "tus cwj pwm-tsav" documentaries. Qhov no yog txoj cai rau "saib kuv" cov neeg siv khoom cult uas tam sim no noj thiab hem thiab siv ntau ntawm peb cov kab lis kev cai nrov, thaum tig tawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ceev ib yam li niaj hnub no.
"Thaum qhov tseeb raug hloov los ntawm kev ntsiag to," tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab Yevgeny Yevtushenko tau sau, "kev ntsiag to yog kev dag."
Thaum twg cov tub ntxhais hluas documentary filmmakers nug kuv li cas lawv tuaj yeem "ua qhov txawv", kuv teb tias nws yooj yim heev. Lawv yuav tsum tau rhuav tshem qhov ntsiag to.
Ua raws John Pilger ntawm twitter @johnpilger
