Cov neeg tawm tsam hauv Nago, Okinawa Prefecture, tawm tsam qhov kev npaj txav chaw ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tub rog mus rau lub nroog qhov chaw ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Henoko thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 2019. Yees duab: Kyodo ntawm AP Images
Los ntawm Maia Hibbett, Cov kev cuam tshuam, Cuaj hlis 9, 2022
Bill Clinton tau cog lus tias yuav kaw lub hauv paus hauv xyoo 1996. Tab sis cov phiaj xwm rau kev tsim kho ntau dua thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm Pacific ua rau cov Islands tuaj thiab lawv qhov tshwj xeeb biodiversity muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tu ncua.
IB LUB XNUMX HLIS NTUJ hauv Tokyo, Asmeskas tus thawj tswj hwm tau cog lus txais tos kom txo nws cov tub rog nyob hauv Okinawa. Peb tus neeg pabcuam hauv tebchaws Meskas tau ua phem rau tus ntxhais Okinawan hnub nyoog 12 xyoo dhau los lub Cuaj Hli, thiab cov neeg hauv zos npau taws tau siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis los tawm tsam Nyij Pooj lub nroog qhov ntom ntom ntawm US cov hauv paus.
"Thaum Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws hais kom peb xav txog kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov neeg Okinawa thiab kuv tau paub nrog lawv, vim yog qee qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo uas koj paub zoo txog," hais tias Thawj Tswj Hwm Bill Clinton, sawv ntawm ib sab nrog Nyij Pooj Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Ryutaro Hashimoto, hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1996 hais lus, "nws nyuaj rau kuv tias cov teeb meem no tsis tau daws ua ntej tam sim no, ua ntej lub sijhawm no." Nws cov thawj coj tau pom zoo kaw qhov chaw nres tsheb Futenma Air, uas yog Marine Corps lub hauv paus loj hauv Okinawan nroog Ginowan, hauv tsib mus rau xya xyoo.
Hnub Tuesday yav tsaus ntuj hauv Washington, 87 Okinawan thiab cov pab pawg neeg pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb yuav xa tsab ntawv mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog Hauv Tsev thiab Senate, hais kom Democratic Congress nyob rau hauv Thawj Tswj Hwm Joe Biden thaum kawg kaw lub hauv paus. Nws tau ntau dua 26 xyoo txij li Clinton tau cog lus tias yuav xaus sai rau Futenma Cua Chaw Nres Tsheb, thiab tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj thiab Asmeskas tau siv sijhawm ntau xyoo los thawb cov phiaj xwm kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig rau kev tsim kho thiab txav lub hom phiaj rau lawv ua tiav. Raws li lub xyoo dragged rau, qhov yuav ncua sij hawm rau Futenma qhov kev kaw raug thawb los ntawm thawj 2001-03 kev kwv yees rau 2025, txog 2035, txog 2040, mus rau - raws li tsab ntawv sau cov lus sib cav - qhov tseeb, yeej tsis.
Daim duab qhia Marine Corps Air Station Futenma hauv Ginowan City, Okinawa Prefecture, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 7, 2022. Duab: Yomiuri Shimbun ntawm AP
Thaum Okinawan cov pej xeem tos, Futenma tseem qhib, thiab Marines nyob rau ntawd txuas ntxiv ua rau lawv muaj kev kub ntxhov. Cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig tau pom ib lub dav hlau tub rog kev sib tsoo ntawm Okinawa International University thiab ib daim ntawm ib qho poob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm Futenma No. 2 lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib. Ginowan thiab lwm lub nroog Okinawan tau pom muaj cov dej qias neeg los ntawm cov tub rog lom hluav taws kub ua npuas thiab roj pipelines. Thiab Futenma, txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev thawb rau kev kaw, nyob deb ntawm lub hauv paus nkaus xwb hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas ua rau muaj teeb meem: Okinawa, nrog thaj av loj txog ob feem peb ntawm qhov loj ntawm Rhode Island, muaj 32 US tub rog teeb tsa.
Qhov ntes yog qhov kaw tsis yog qhov kaw tiag tiag; nws yog ib qho kev hloov chaw. Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj lub qhov muag, txoj haujlwm tshiab hauv paus, hu ua Futenma Replacement Facility, lossis FRF, yuav tsum ua kom tiav ua ntej Futenma tuaj yeem kaw. Yuav kom ua tiav nws, tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj yuav tsum muab pov tseg pov tseg - los ntawm at-time-controversial Qhov chaw thoob plaws Nyiv thiab Okinawa - mus rau hauv Henoko-Oura Bay, thaj tsam ntawm kev lom zem sib txawv txog 26 mais ntawm Futenma. "Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm engineering," tsab ntawv hais tias, "tsis muaj kev cia siab tias nws lub ntsiab lus txhais," lub tshav dav hlau tsaws chaw, "yuav puas tau tsim." Tom qab kev soj ntsuam geological ua los ntawm tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj, lub ntug hiav txwv uas lub dav hlau runway yog destined tswv "soft li mayonnaise."
Kos npe los ntawm 52 lub koom haum los ntawm Okinawa thiab Nyiv thiab 35 los ntawm txawv teb chaws, suav nrog Asia Pacific American Labor Alliance, Center for Biological Diversity, thiab CODEPINK, tsab ntawv tuaj thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm Western-koom haum powers thiab Tuam Tshoj tshaj Taiwan txoj kev ywj pheej. Vim tias nws nyob ze rau Taiwan, Okinawa - uas nws cov tub rog Asmeskas kev teeb tsa tau tuav 15 feem pua ntawm cov kob tseem ceeb thaj av uas twb muaj lawm - suav tias yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Nthuav cov av los tso lub hauv paus tshiab muaj, supposedly, tseem ceeb heev rau countering Tuam Tshoj; tsuas paring mus rau 31 yog tawm ntawm lo lus nug.
"Okinawa yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau Taiwan keeb kwm, thiab rau qhov kev xav ntawm kev txwv lossis muaj Tuam Tshoj," James Lin, tus kws sau keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub Taiwan ntawm University of Washington, hais rau The Intercept. "Yog li kuv xav tias yog tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas Okinawa yuav koom nrog ntau."
Lub Peb Hlis, tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj tshaj tawm hais tias Okinawa yog "kev sib ntaus sib tua" nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm Taiwan muaj xwm txheej.
Lub hli tas los no, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Nyij Pooj Nobuo Kishi hais rau xovxwm tias tsib lub foob pob hluav taws hauv Suav teb tau tsaws hauv Nyij Pooj "tsuas yog ib cheeb tsam kev lag luam" thawj zaug. Cov missiles, xa nyob rau hauv teb rau ib tug controversial mus ntsib Taipei los ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Lus Nancy Pelosi, tshaj tawm tias tau tsaws hauv cov dej sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Hateruma: ib qho ntawm Okinawa Prefecture cov Islands tuaj yav qab teb, yuav luag 300 mais ntawm cov kob loj thiab txog ib nrab ntawm qhov deb ntawm Taiwan.
Tsuas yog tshaj li ib hlis txij li thaum, Tuam Tshoj tau ua ntau qhov kev ua tub rog thiab tsim kev nplua nyiaj txiag rau Taiwan, buzz drones thiab dav hlau los ntawm Taiwanese airspace thiab kev txwv imports thiab exports ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ntses, thiab xuab zeb raws li ib tug puas-expanding npe ntawm US cov tub ceev xwm tau mus ncig ua si rau cov kob.
Cov npe ntawm cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws tau suav nrog Sens. Ed Markey, D-Mass., thiab Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn. Cov neeg sawv cev John Garamendi, D-California; Don Beyer, D-Va.; Alan Lowenthal, D-California; Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen, R-American Samoa; thiab Republican cov thawj coj Eric Holcomb ntawm Indiana thiab Doug Ducey ntawm Arizona. Lin hais tias cov neeg sawv cev hauv pawg nom tswv tseem nyiam nyob hauv Taiwan, txawm hais tias Pelosi qhov kev mus ntsib "yog qhov txaus ntshai heev thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau Taiwan, hais txog kev nplua nyiaj txiag, hais txog kev sim missile."
Hideki Yoshikawa, tus thawj coj ntawm Okinawa Environmental Justice Project thiab tsab ntawv tus thawj coj sau ntawv hauv email rau The Intercept, "Qhov kev ntxhov siab ntxiv ntawm Asmeskas thiab Tuam Tshoj tau ua rau peb coob leej hauv Okinawa tsis xis nyob nyob ntawm no," Thaum nws sim tsis txhob ua tus ceeb toom lossis hais txog qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws, Yoshikawa tau hais tias, "qhov uas tau tshwm sim hauv Ukraine txij Lub Ob Hlis xyoo no yeej ua rau peb xav txog qhov phem tshaj plaws."
LUB DYNAMIC BETWEEN Nyiv thiab Okinawa hauv ntau txoj hauv kev sib piv txoj kev sib raug zoo uas Tebchaws Meskas muaj nrog Hawaii. Zoo li lub Pacific archipelago, Okinawa ib zaug tau kav los ntawm ib lub zos huab tais, paub nyob rau hauv Okinawa rooj plaub li Ryukyu Kingdom. Imperial Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj tau tawm tsam rau kev tswj hwm Ryukyus, uas ua lag luam nrog ob lub teb chaws rau ntau pua xyoo, txog thaum Nyiv tau muab nws tso rau hauv 1879. Nyiv txoj kev vam meej ua rau cov kob saw hlau uas dhau los ua Okinawa lub teb chaws tus hluas tshaj plaws prefecture, akin rau US xeev. Qee cov Ryukyuans tam sim no npaj rau kev xaiv los ua haiv neeg hauv paus txawm - uas United Nations tau pom zoo tias Nyiv muab nyiaj - tab sis tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj tseem tsis lees paub lawv.
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Nyij Pooj tau tso cai rau nws cov tub rog thiab nws cheeb tsam yav qab teb: Txoj cai tswjfwm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tshiab hauv tsab cai lij choj txwv tsis pub muaj tub rog nrog lub peev xwm ua txhaum, thiab 1951 Treaty of San Francisco muab Okinawa hauv Asmeskas pej xeem kev tswj hwm. Tsuas yog 20 xyoo tom qab ntawd, cov Islands tuaj rov qab los tswj hwm Nyij Pooj, nrog rau cov xwm txheej uas Asmeskas tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev ua tub rog ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm lub hauv paus - npaj los ua "kev cuam tshuam" tawm tsam Tuam Tshoj thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau Nyiv. Tam sim no, raws li kev nruj nruj ntawm Taiwan, Okinawa sawv los xaus rau hauv cov plaub hau.
"Yog tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog ntawm ob lub zog loj (Asmeskas thiab Tuam Tshoj), nrog Nyij Pooj koom nrog, dhau los ua qhov tseeb, los ntawm kev npaj lossis los ntawm kev sib tsoo, kuv cia siab tias, cov cuaj luaj yuav ya los ntawm Tuam Tshoj (lossis nws cov nkoj ua tsov rog thiab dav hlau) ntaus US cov hauv paus thiab Japanese Self-Defense Forces hauv Okinawa, ”Yoshikawa hais rau The Intercept.
Tebchaws Asmeskas tau coj nws cov tub rog hauv Okinawa thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov ua ntej txog Taiwan: Lub sijhawm Thib peb Taiwan Strait Crisis, Clinton cov thawj coj tau hais kom lub nkoj ntawm Asmeskas cov nkoj sib ntaus sib tua kom caij nkoj los ntawm Okinawa los ntawm txoj kab txaij teb rau ntau qhov kev sim foob pob hluav taws hauv Suav. tshwm sim ntawm 1995 thiab 1996 - nrog nws qhov kawg nkaus ua ntej qhov kev cog lus Futenma puag kaw - nws yog hailed raws li "qhov pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Asmeskas tub rog lub zog hauv Asia txij li Tsov Rog Nyab Laj" los ntawm BBC.
Lub hli tas los, ntawm qhov heels ntawm ntau qhov kev mus ncig hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab qhov tshwm sim hauv Suav ua yeeb yam ntawm kev quab yuam, ob lub nkoj tub rog Asmeskas dua. caij nkoj los ntawm Taiwan Strait. Cov hawks ntawm Center for Strategic and International Studies muaj lus qhov xwm txheej tam sim no "Lub Plaub Taiwan Strait Crisis."
Daim duab saum toj saud qhia txog kev ua haujlwm pov tseg ntawm thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Henoko hauv Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 2021. Henoko tau raug xaiv los ua qhov chaw hloov chaw ntawm US Air Station Futenma. Yees duab: Yomiuri Shimbun ntawm AP
“Tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj tab tom ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov kev siv zog los tsim FRF qhov project hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev hem thawj los ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sib ze, "Yoshikawa thiab nws cov neeg koom tes kos npe sau rau hauv lawv tsab ntawv. Tab sis "nrog kev paub txog kev nce qib ntawm cov teeb meem hauv hiav txwv mos thiab nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm FRF kev tsim kho hauv cov lus nug tseem ceeb, tsoomfwv cov lus sib cav txog kev cuam tshuam thiab cov tswv yim tsis txaus ntseeg."
Thawj qhov kev thov rau lub chaw yuav xav kom tsoomfwv ua rau lub bay - lub tsev rau ntau dua 5,000 hom tsiaj hauv dej, suav nrog Okinawa dugong uas raug mob hnyav, tsis tshua muaj xiav coral colonies, thiab ntau ntau hom crustacean tshiab. sab nyob rau hauv 2009 ib leeg - nrog av. Cov lus pom zoo tam sim no yuav tsum tau hu ua kev txhim kho hauv av, los yog kev tsav tsheb ntawm cov xuab zeb pillars rau hauv qab dej hiav txwv los txhim kho nws cov slushy sib xws thiab txhawb lub hauv paus.
"Txawm hais tias txoj haujlwm txhawb nqa dej hiav txwv yog qhov kev hloov kho tseem ceeb rau thawj txoj kev npaj, Okinawa Defense Bureau tsis tau rov ntsuas qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim kho hauv paus," tsab ntawv hais. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Denny Tamaki, tus tswv xeev ntawm Okinawa prefecture - uas ntsib kev sib tw rov xaiv tsa feem ntau tsom rau lub hauv paus teeb meem nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 11 - tau rov tsis kam thov kom pom zoo tso cai rau lub hauv paus kev tsim kho. Tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj tau rov hla nws dua.
Tsab ntawv tseem hais kom tsoomfwv Meskas yuam kom Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv kom nthuav tawm thaum twg, raws nraim, nws tau kawm txog qhov teeb meem hauv hiav txwv thiab tshaj tawm nws cov lus ceeb toom. Tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj tsis lees paub qhov teeb meem kom txog rau thaum 2019, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias Japanese geological kev tshawb fawb pom nws nyob rau hauv 2015. Thaum cov neeg soj ntsuam kuaj lub zog yuav tsum tau tsav ib tug spikes mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv, lawv pom "uas es tsis txhob raug tsav mus rau hauv av nrog rauj, qhov kev sim. spike poob ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav. "
Ntawm Lub Chaw rau Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Thoob Ntiaj Teb, feem ntau paub txog kev ntaus nruas ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab tsis yog rau kev txwv tsis pub, Mark Cancian tau sau xyoo 2020 ntawm FRF project: "Nws zoo li tsis zoo li [kev tsim kho hauv paus] yuav ua tiav."
Kev thov rov hais dua rau Pawg Neeg Pabcuam Tub Rog tau xav tias yuav ntxiv dag zog rau Asmeskas cov tub rog lub tswv yim, tsab ntawv pom tias nws "tu siab heev uas ib daim nqi uas tau hais thaum Lub Rau Hli 2020 los ntawm Pawg Pabcuam Kev Npaj Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Tsev, uas yuav thov kom DoD los kawm txog cov teeb meem ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, tsis raug coj mus rau hauv 2021 National Defense Authorization Act. " Thaum lub sij hawm, Tamaki muaj tsis ntev los no tau ntsib nrog cov neeg tsim cai lij choj hauv Washington, thiab Pab Pawg Npaj Npaj Ua Haujlwm ntawm NDAA yuav tshaj tawm tias tau yuam Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv kom kawm txog dej hiav txwv ob qho tib si rau nws qhov sib xws thiab muaj av qeeg ua txhaum kab. Tab sis nws yeej tsis tshwm sim hauv NDAA zaum kawg. Lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Rep. John Garamendi, Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Subcommittee lub rooj zaum, tsis teb rau The Intercept qhov kev thov tawm tswv yim.
Yoshikawa vam tias, piv txwv li kev khaws cia ib puag ncig tsis txaus, qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm FRF qhov project yuav ua rau Asmeskas cov neeg tsim cai lij choj pom tias nws cov tswv yim zoo tshaj yog overpromised.
"Qhov tseeb, kev tsim dua lwm lub hauv paus loj hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas hauv Okinawa tsis txo qis, tab sis qhov nce ntxiv, qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam," tsab ntawv sib cav hauv nws cov lus xaus.
Yoshikawa tau taw qhia tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm Geneva Convention, uas nrhiav kev tiv thaiv pej xeem cov pej xeem thaum muaj kev sib cav ntawm tub rog, yuav ua pov thawj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Okinawa: Lub cev sib thooj ntawm cov hauv paus thiab pej xeem zej zog yuav ua rau lub rooj sib tham kev tiv thaiv nyuaj, yog tias tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau, los tswj hwm.
Yoshikawa tau hais tias "Peb yuav raug siv los ua cov ntaub thaiv tib neeg rau cov tub rog hauv paus, tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev," Yoshikawa tau hais. "Peb tsis xav siv thiab peb tsis xav kom peb cov hiav txwv, hav zoov, thaj av thiab ntuj raug siv rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov xeev."
