Cov neeg Palestinians saib lub foob pob tsis tau tawg los ntawm Israeli F-16 lub dav hlau ua rog ntawm Gaza City's Rimal cov zej zog thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 18, 2021 (AFP / Mahmud Hams)
los ntawm Frank Andrews, Middle East Qhov muag, Tej zaum 18, 2021.
Ntau tshaj li ib lub lim tiam, cov neeg Ixayees tau ntaus lub Gaza Sawb nrog cov foob pob, thov nws yog tsom rau Hamas "cov neeg phem". Tab sis cov tsev nyob, cov khw muag ntawv, tsev kho mob thiab lub ntsiab Covid-19 kuaj lab kuj tau raug nplawm.
Cov neeg Ixayees txoj kev foob pob tsis tu ncua ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, uas tam sim no tau tua tsawg kawg 213 tus neeg, suav nrog 61 tus menyuam yaus, yuav ua rau muaj kev ua phem ua tsov ua rog, raws li Amnesty International.
Hamas 'ntau txhiab lub foob pob hluav taws tsis sib haum xeeb raug rho tawm sab qaum teb los ntawm Gaza, uas tau tua 12 tus neeg, kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog kev ua tsov ua rog, raws li pawg cai.
Tab sis thaum Hamas muaj foob pob feem ntau muab tso ua ke los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab smuggled, uas yog txaus ntshai vim lawv yog unguided, Ixayees muaj lub xeev ntawm cov kos duab, precision riam phom thiab nws tus kheej booming riam phom kev lag luamCov. Nws yog tus yim loj tshaj caj npab exporter ntawm cov ntiaj chaw.
Cov neeg Ixayees cov tub rog arsenal kuj tau tsim los ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm ntau txhiab daus las muaj nqis ntawm riam phom los ntawm txawv teb chaws.
Cov no yog cov teb chaws thiab cov tuam txhab muab cov neeg Ixayees nrog riam phom, txawm tias nws cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ua tsov rog.
United States
Lub tebchaws United States yog nyob deb ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws exporter ntawm caj npab rau cov neeg Ixayees. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2009-2020, ntau dua 70 feem pua ntawm cov caj npab Israel yuav los ntawm Asmeskas, raws li Stockholm International Peace Kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum (Sipri) Arms Transfers database, uas tsuas yog suav nrog riam phom loj.
Raws li Sipri cov lej, Asmeskas tau xa tawm caj npab mus rau Ixayees txhua xyoo txij li xyoo 1961.
Nws nyuaj dua los taug qab cov caj npab uas tau xa tawm tiag tiag, tab sis ntawm 2013-2017, Asmeskas tau xa $ 4.9bn (£ 3.3bn) hauv caj npab rau cov neeg Ixayees, raws li UK-based Kev Sib Tw Tawm Tsam Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam (CAAT).
Cov foob pob tawg hauv Asmeskas tau thaij duab hauv Gaza nyob rau hnub tsis ntev los no, ib yam nkaus.
Kev xa tawm tau nce ntxiv txawm tias muaj ntau lub sijhawm uas cov tub rog Israeli tau raug liam tias ua txhaum kev ua tsov rog rau Palestinians.
Teb Chaws Asmeskas txuas ntxiv xa riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees thaum nws tshwm sim hauv 2009, piv txwv li, cov tub rog Israeli tau txwv tsis pub siv phosphorus plhaub dawb rau cov neeg Palestinians - kev ua phem ua tsov ua rog, raws li. Human Rights Watch.
Nyob rau hauv 2014, Amnesty International liam cov neeg Ixayees ntawm tib tus nqi rau kev tawm tsam tsis sib haum xeeb uas tau tua ntau tus neeg pej xeem hauv Rafah, yav qab teb Gaza. Xyoo tom ntej, tus nqi xa tawm ntawm Asmeskas riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees yuav luag ob npaug, raws li Sipri cov duab.
US Thawj Tswj Hwm Joe Biden "tau hais tawm nws qhov kev txhawb nqa rau kev txiav txim siab"Hnub Monday, nyob rau hauv siab los ntawm Pab nom phaj Senate. Tab sis nws kuj tau tshwm sim ua ntej hnub uas nws cov thawj coj tsis ntev los no tau pom zoo $ 735 lab hauv kev muag riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees, Washington Post qhia. Democrats ntawm Pawg Neeg Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws xav tau los thov kev tswj hwm ncua kev muag khoom tseem tos saib xyuas.
Thiab raws li daim ntawv cog lus pab kev nyab xeeb hla 2019-2028, Asmeskas tau pom zoo - raws li kev pom zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv - muab cov neeg Ixayees $ 3.8bn ib xyoos twg nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws tub rog nyiaj txiag, feem ntau nws yuav tsum tau siv rau Cov riam phom ua US.
Qhov ntawd yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 20 feem pua ntawm cov neeg Ixayees cov peev nyiaj tiv thaiv, raws li NBC, thiab yuav luag peb feem tsib ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog txawv teb chaws nyiaj txiag thoob ntiaj teb.
Tab sis qee zaum Asmeskas kuj tseem muab nyiaj ntxiv, nyob rau saum nws cov nyiaj pab txhua xyoo. Nws tau muab ib qho ntxiv $1.6bn txij li xyoo 2011 rau cov neeg Ixayees Iron Dome los tiv thaiv missile system, nrog rau cov khoom uas tau ua nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas.
Andrew Smith ntawm CAAT hais rau Middle East Eye hais tias "Israel muaj kev lag luam riam phom siab heev uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev foob pob rau lub sijhawm luv luv,"
"Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua loj tuaj los ntawm Asmeskas," nws hais ntxiv, hais txog US F-16 fighter dav hlau, uas txuas ntxiv pummel lub Sawb. "Txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm tsim tau lawv nyob hauv cov neeg Ixayees, lawv yuav pom tseeb siv sijhawm ntev los sib sau ua ke.
"Hais txog cov foob pob hluav taws, ntau ntawm cov no tau raug xa tawm, tab sis kuv xav tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv Ixayees. Obviously, nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav no, kev hloov mus rau hauv kev tsim cov caj npab yuav siv sij hawm thiab yuav tsis pheej yig. "
"Tab sis kev muag riam phom yuav tsum tsis txhob pom nyob rau hauv kev sib cais. Lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev txhawb nqa nom tswv tob, "Smith hais ntxiv. "Kev txhawb nqa ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tshwj xeeb, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa txoj haujlwm thiab ua kom muaj kev sib tw foob pob raws li peb tau pom nyob rau hnub tsis ntev los no."
Cov npe ntev ntawm cov tuam txhab ntiag tug hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas koom nrog hauv kev muab cov neeg Ixayees nrog caj npab suav nrog Lockheed Martin, Boeing; Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, Ametek, UTC Aerospace, thiab Raytheon, raws li CAAT.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees
Qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws xa tawm riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees yog lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas suav txog 24 feem pua ntawm cov neeg Ixayees cov riam phom tuaj ntawm xyoo 2009-2020.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov riam phom uas nws muab, tab sis nws tau muab ntawv tso cai rau kev muag riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees muaj nqis 1.6 billion euros ($ 1.93bn) los ntawm 2013-2017, raws li CAAT.
Sipri cov duab qhia lub teb chaws Yelemees muag riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees thoob plaws xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s, thiab tau ua li ntawd txhua xyoo txij li xyoo 1994.
Thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv kev sib tham ntawm ob lub teb chaws hnub rov qab mus rau 1957, raws li Haaretz, uas tau sau tseg tias xyoo 1960, Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws David Ben-Gurion tau ntsib hauv New York nrog Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws German Konrad Adenauer thiab tau hais txog "Israel xav tau rau cov nkoj me me thiab cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau".
Thaum Asmeskas tau pab ntau yam ntawm Israel cov kev tiv thaiv huab cua xav tau, Lub teb chaws Yelemees tseem muab cov submarines.
German shipbuilder ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems tau tsim rau rau Dolphin submarines rau cov neeg Ixayees, raws li CAAT, thaum lub tuam txhab German-headquartered Renk AG pab muab Israel lub tank Merkava.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees Chancellor Angela Merkel tau hais "kev sib koom siab" nrog cov neeg Ixayees hauv kev hu xov tooj nrog Netanyahu rau hnub Monday, raws li nws tus cev lus, rov hais dua lub tebchaws "txoj cai los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej" tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws los ntawm Hamas.
Ltalis
Ltalis yog tom ntej, tau muab 5.6 feem pua ntawm cov neeg Ixayees cov khoom siv riam phom loj tuaj ntawm 2009-2020, raws li Sipri.
Los ntawm 2013-2017, Ltalis xa € 476m ($ 581m) ntawm caj npab rau cov neeg Ixayees, raws li CAAT.
Ob lub teb chaws tau ua kev cog lus nyob rau xyoo tas los no uas cov neeg Ixayees tau txais kev cob qhia dav hlau rov qab rau cov cuaj luaj thiab lwm yam riam phom, raws li Cov Ntaub Ntawv Xov Xwm.
Ltalis koom nrog lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe hauv thuam Israeli chaw nyob hauv Sheikh Jarrah thiab lwm qhov ua ntej lub Tsib Hlis, tab sis lub teb chaws tseem xa tawm riam phom.
'Qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Livorno yuav tsis yog tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tua neeg ntawm Palestinian cov neeg'
- Unione Sindicale di Base, Ltalis
Cov neeg ua haujlwm chaw nres nkoj hauv Livorno tsis kam rau hnub Friday mus thauj ib lub nkoj nqa riam phom mus rau Israeli chaw nres nkoj ntawm Ashdod, tom qab tau ceeb toom los ntawm Italian NGO Lub Riam Phom Saib ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov khoom thauj.
"Qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Livorno yuav tsis yog tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tua neeg ntawm cov neeg Palestinian," Unione Sindicale di Base tau hais hauv ib tsab ntawv. daim ntawv qhia.
Weapon Watch tau hais kom cov tub ceev xwm Italian ncua "qee lossis tag nrho cov tub rog Italian xa mus rau thaj chaw Israeli-Palestinian tsis sib haum xeeb".
AgustaWestland, lub chaw haujlwm ntawm Italian tuam txhab Leonardo, ua cov khoom rau Apache nres helicopters siv los ntawm cov neeg Ixayees, raws li CAAT.
United Kingdom
Lub tebchaws Askiv, txawm tias tsis nyob hauv Sipri cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau xyoo tas los no, tseem muag riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees, thiab tau tso cai £ 400m hauv caj npab txij li xyoo 2015, raws li CAAT.
Lub NGO tau hu rau UK kom xaus kev muag riam phom thiab kev txhawb nqa tub rog rau Israeli tub rog thiab tshuaj xyuas yog UK txhais tes tau siv los foob pob Gaza.
Tus nqi tiag tiag uas UK xa tawm mus rau cov neeg Ixayees yog siab dua li cov xov tooj uas muaj nyob hauv pej xeem, vim muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev muag riam phom, "qhib daim ntawv tso cai", feem ntau tso cai rau xa tawm, uas khaws tus nqi ntawm caj npab thiab lawv qhov ntau tsis pub leej twg paub.
Smith ntawm CAAT tau hais rau MEE tias kwv yees li 30-40 feem pua ntawm UK kev muag riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees yuav ua tiav raws li daim ntawv tso cai qhib, tab sis "peb tsuas yog tsis paub" cov riam phom twg lawv yog lossis lawv siv li cas.
"Tshwj tsis yog tsoomfwv UK tau tshaj tawm nws tus kheej kev tshawb nrhiav, ces tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab uas riam phom tau siv, dua li kev cia siab rau cov duab tawm los ntawm ib cheeb tsam tsis sib haum xeeb hauv ntiaj teb - uas tsis yog txoj hauv kev tsim nyog rau kev lag luam riam phom yuav tsum tau lees paub, ”Smith hais.
Smith tau hais tias "Txoj kev uas peb paub txog cov kev phem no yog tso siab rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw ua tsov ua rog los thaij duab riam phom uas ntog nyob ib puag ncig lawv lossis ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm," Smith hais.
"Thiab qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias peb ib txwm tuaj yeem xav tias siv riam phom loj heev uas peb yuav tsis paub txog."
Cov tuam txhab ntiag tug British uas pab muab cov neeg Ixayees nrog caj npab lossis cov khoom siv tub rog suav nrog BAE Systems; Atlas Elektronik UK; MPE; Meggitt, Penny + Giles Tswj; Redmayne Engineering; Senior PLC; Land Rover; thiab G4S, raws li CAAT.
Dab tsi ntxiv, UK siv nyiaj lab phaus ib xyoos twg ntawm Israeli riam phom systems. Elbit Systems, Ixayees tus tsim riam phom loj tshaj plaws, muaj ntau lub koom haum hauv tebchaws Askiv, zoo li ntau lub tuam txhab Asmeskas caj npab.
Ib qho ntawm lawv cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Oldham tau ua lub hom phiaj rau cov neeg tawm tsam Palestine hauv lub hlis tsis ntev los no.
Ntau yam riam phom xa tawm los ntawm UK rau cov neeg Ixayees - suav nrog cov dav hlau, drones, grenades, foob pob, cuaj luaj thiab mos txwv - "yog hom caj npab uas zoo li yuav siv rau hauv kev sib tw foob pob no", raws li CAAT nqe lus, hais txog kev foob pob tsis tu ncua.
"Nws yuav tsis yog thawj zaug," nws ntxiv.
Kev tshuaj xyuas tsoomfwv hauv 2014 pom 12 daim ntawv tso cai rau cov caj npab yuav siv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawd bombardment ntawm Gaza, thaum nyob rau hauv 2010, ces-Foreign Secretary David Miliband hais tias caj npab ua nyob rau hauv lub UK muaj "yuav luag yeej” tau siv nyob rau hauv Israel lub 2009 foob pob phiaj los nqis tes ntawm lub enclave.
Smith tau hais tias "Peb paub tias cov cuab yeej tsim hauv UK tau siv tawm tsam cov neeg Palestinians ua ntej, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau ua dab tsi los txwv tsis pub muaj riam phom," said Smith.
"Yuav tsum muaj kev ncua kev muag riam phom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho seb puas tau siv riam phom UK thiab yog tias lawv cuam tshuam txog kev ua tsov rog ua txhaum cai."
"Tau ntau xyoo tam sim no, tsoomfwv ua tiav tau tham txog lawv txoj kev cog lus rau kev tsim kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, thaum txuas ntxiv mus rau caj npab thiab txhawb nqa Israeli tub rog," Smith hais ntxiv. "Cov kev muag riam phom no tsis yog muab kev txhawb nqa tub rog nkaus xwb, lawv kuj tau xa cov cim qhia meej ntawm kev txhawb nqa nom tswv rau txoj haujlwm thiab kev thaiv thiab kev ua phem uas raug tsim txom."
Canada
Canada suav txog kwv yees li 0.3 feem pua ntawm cov neeg Ixayees cov khoom siv riam phom loj ntawm xyoo 2009-2021, raws li Sipri cov lej.
Jagmeet Singh ntawm Canada New Democratic Party lub lim tiam dhau los tau hu rau Canada kom txwv tsis pub muag riam phom rau cov neeg Ixayees vim muaj xwm txheej tsis ntev los no.
Canada xa $ 13.7m hauv tub rog kho vajtse thiab thev naus laus zis rau cov neeg Ixayees hauv 2019, sib npaug rau 0.4 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm, raws li Lub ntiaj teb thiab xa ntawv.
