mikanele: I ka uhi ʻana i ke Kaua Cold hou, ua nalowale ka New York Times i kāna mau puke nūpepa, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he hoʻolaha hoʻolaha hoʻolaha e hoʻolaha ana i nā ʻōlelo kūʻē kūʻē ʻo Russian e hiki ke hele i ka laina i ka hoʻopunipuni, hōʻike ʻo Robert Parry.
Na Robert Parry, Nā ConsortiumNews
Ma kahi hilahila hou no The New York Times, ua hoʻopiʻi kekahi loea forensic kiʻi kiʻi i kahi loiloi hou a anti-Russian o nā kiʻi satelite e pili ana i ka pana ʻana o Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 ma ka hikina o Ukraine i 2014, e kapa ana i ka hana "he hoʻopunipuni. .”
I ka Pōʻaono i hala, i ka pō o ka lua o ka makahiki o ka pōʻino i make ai he 298 mau ola, ua hoʻolaha ka Times i ka loiloi amateur e ʻōlelo ana ua hoʻopunipuni ke aupuni Lūkini i ʻelua mau kiʻi satelite e hōʻike ana i nā missiles anti-aircraft Ukrainian ma ka hikina o Ukraine i ka manawa o ka pana. -lalo.
ʻO ka manaʻo maopopo o ka Haawina na Andrew E. Kramer, ua uhi ka poʻe Lūkini i ko lākou hui pū ʻana i ka pana ʻana i ka mokulele kīwila ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kiʻi e hoʻohuli i ka hewa i ka pūʻali koa Ukrainian. Ma waho aʻe o ka haʻi ʻana i kēia loiloi e armscontrolwonk.com, ua ʻike ʻo Kramer ua hiki i nā "mea nūpepa makaʻāinana" ma Bellingcat i ka hopena like ma mua.
Akā, ua haʻalele ʻo Kramer a me ka Times i ka ʻāhae ʻana o ka loiloi Bellingcat ma mua e nā poʻe akamai kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi me Dr. Neal Krawetz, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka mea hana analytical kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ʻo FotoForensics a Bellingcat i hoʻohana ai. I ka pule i hala aku nei, ua hoʻoikaika ikaika ʻo Bellingcat i ka loiloi hou e armscontrolwonk.com, kahi i pili ai ʻo Bellingcat.
I kēia pule i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Krawetz a me nā loea forensic ʻē aʻe i ke kaupaona ʻana i ka loiloi hou a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana ua loaʻa i nā hewa kumu like me ka loiloi mua, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana nei i kahi mea hana analytical ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Bellingcat i kēia loiloi lua e kahi hui me nā loulou iā Bellingcat a me kāna mea hoʻokumu ʻo Eliot Higgins, ʻike ʻo Krawetz i nā loiloi ʻelua e hele mai ana mai kahi hoʻokahi, ʻo Bellingcat.
"ʻO ka lele ʻana i ka hopena hewa i kekahi manawa ma muli o ka naʻaupō," wehewehe ʻo Krawetz ma kahi pou blog. "Akā, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hana ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻikepili like e hāʻawi i nā hopena like, a malie ʻO ka lele ʻana i ka hopena like ʻole he kuhi hewa a me ka hoʻopunipuni. He hoʻopunipuni.
He Kumu Hapa
Ua ʻike ʻo Krawetz a me nā poʻe loea ʻē aʻe he hoʻololi hewa ʻole i nā kiʻi, e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi pahu huaʻōlelo a mālama i nā kiʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole, e wehewehe i nā anomalies i ʻike ʻia e Bellingcat a me kāna mau hoaaloha ma armscontrolwonk.com. ʻO ia ke kuhi hewa nui a Krawetz i ʻike ai i ka makahiki i hala ma ka wehe ʻana i ka loiloi hewa a Bellingcat.
Ua kākau ʻo Krawetz: "I ka makahiki i hala, ua puka mai kahi hui i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Bellingcat' me kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka lele MH17, i pana ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka palena ʻo Ukraine/Russia. I kā lākou hōʻike, ua hoʻohana lākou i nā FotoForensics e hōʻoia i kā lākou mau koi. Eia naʻe, e like me kaʻu kuhikuhi ʻia ma kaʻu moʻomanaʻo moʻomanaʻo, hoʻohana hewa lākou. ʻO nā pilikia nui i kā lākou hōʻike:
"-Haʻalele i ka maikaʻi. Ua loiloi lākou i nā kiʻi mai nā kumu kānalua. He mau kiʻi maikaʻi haʻahaʻa kēia i hana ʻia i ka scaling, cropping, a me nā hōʻike.
“—Ke ʻike nei i nā mea. ʻOiai me ka hoʻopuka ʻana mai nā mea hana loiloi, lele lākou i nā hopena i kākoʻo ʻole ʻia e ka ʻikepili.
“–E maunu a hoʻololi. Hoʻokahi mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e kā lākou hōʻike, a laila hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia me ka nānā ʻana i hōʻike i kahi mea ʻokoʻa.
“Ua puka mai nei ʻo Bellingcat me kahi hoike lua. Ua hilinaʻi nui ʻia ka ʻāpana kālai kiʻi o kā lākou hōʻike i kahi papahana i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Tungstène'. … Me ka ʻepekema ʻepekema, ʻaʻole pili ka mea paahana āu e hoʻohana ai. Pono e hana hou ʻia kahi hopena ʻoiai nā mea hana a me nā algorithm he nui.
“ʻO kekahi o nā kiʻi a lākou i holo ai ʻoiai ʻo Tungstène ʻo ia ke kiʻi kapuaʻi like a lākou i hoʻohana ai me ELA [ka helu kuhi hewa]. A ʻaʻohe mea kupanaha, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā hopena like - nā hopena e wehewehe ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā hoʻihoʻi hou. … Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i kahi kiʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, ʻaʻole ia he hoʻololi i manaʻo ʻia e like me kā Bellingcat i hoʻopau ai.
"E like me ka makahiki i hala, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Bellingcat ua hōʻike ʻo Tungstène i nā hōʻailona o nā hoʻololi i nā wahi like a lākou i ʻōlelo ai e ʻike i nā loli i ka hopena ELA. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Bellingcat i ka ʻikepili haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa like ʻole ma nā mea hana like ʻole a lele i ka hopena like ʻole.
ʻOiai ua hoʻopuka ʻo Krawetz i kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka loiloi hou i ka Pōʻalima, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hōʻike i kona hopohopo ma hope koke o ka puka ʻana o ka ʻatikala Times. ʻO ia ka mea i koi iā Higgins a me ka hui Bellingcat e hoʻomaka i kahi hoʻolaha Twitter e hōʻino iā Krawetz a me aʻu (no hoʻi. e pili ana i nā pilikia me ka ʻatikala ʻo Times a me ka nānā ʻana).
I ka manawa o kekahi o ko Higgins hoa haʻiʻia ʻO kaʻu moʻolelo mua e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi pilikia, ua ʻike ʻo Krawetz ua kākoʻo kaʻu mau ʻike i kona kūlana ua hana hewa ʻo Bellingcat i ka nānā ʻana (ʻoiai ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i ka hoʻohewa ʻana o Krawetz).
Ua pane ʻo Higgins iā Krawetz, "ʻaʻole ʻo ia [Parry] i ʻike he hack ʻoe. No ka mea, he hack kekahi.
ʻO ka hōʻino hou ʻana iā Krawetz, ua hoʻomāʻewaʻewa ʻo Higgins i kāna loiloi o nā kiʻi kālailai a palapala: "ʻO kāna mea wale nō 'no ka mea ke ʻōlelo nei au', ʻaʻohe waha āpau."
Hoʻopau ʻia e ka Halelu
ʻIke ʻia, ʻo Higgins, ka mea e hana ana mai Leicester, ʻEnelani, ua lilo i mea hao ʻia e nā hoʻomaikaʻi āpau i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian a me nā mea paʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe ʻoiai ʻo ka moʻolelo a Bellingcat no ka pololei he mea ʻilihune. .
No ka laʻana, i kāna pākī nui mua, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Higgins i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka US ma Suria e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ke kinoea sarin i ʻAukake 21, 2013 - e hoʻopiʻi ana iā Pelekikena Bashar al-Assad - akā ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻi i kāna loiloi i ka wā Ua hōʻike ʻia nā loea ea he ʻelua mau kilomita wale nō ka mamao o ka missile lawe sarin, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ko Higgins i manaʻo ai i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā pūʻali aupuni o Suria. (ʻOiai kēlā hewa nui, hoʻomau ʻo Higgins i ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hewa ke aupuni Suria.)
Ua hāʻawi pū ʻo Higgins i ka papahana "60 Minutes" Australia i kahi wahi ma ka hikina o Ukraine kahi i manaʻo ʻia ai kahi pahu pahu missile "holo" Buk i ke ala e hoʻi ai i Rusia, koe wale nō i ka hiki ʻana o ka poʻe nūhou i laila ʻaʻole i kūlike nā pae ʻāina, no laila ka polokalamu e hilinaʻi i ka hoʻoponopono sleight-o-lima e hoʻopunipuni i kāna poʻe nānā.
I koʻu ʻike ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa a kau i nā kiʻi kiʻi mai ka papahana "60 Minutes" e hōʻike i ka hoʻopunipuni, "60 Minutes" i hoʻomaka i kahi hoʻolaha hoʻomāinoino iaʻu a no hou wikiō maalea a hoʻopunipuni kūkala nūhou i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻike hewa a Higgins.
ʻO kēia ʻano o nā ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni a me ka hoʻopunipuni hoʻi e hoʻolaha i kēia mau moʻolelo ʻaʻole ia i hoʻōki i ka paʻi koʻikoʻi o Western mai ka hoʻoinu ʻana iā Higgins a me Bellingcat me ka mahalo. ʻAʻole paha ia e hōʻeha i ka "hōʻike ʻana" a Bellingcat i nā manawa a pau me nā kumumanaʻo hoʻolaha e puka mai ana mai nā aupuni Komohana.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Higgins a me "armscontrolwonk.com" he crossover i loko o nā limahana, e like me Melissa Hanham, he mea kākau kumu o ka hōʻike MH-17 nāna i kākau no Bellingcat, e like me Aaron Stein, nāna. i hui pu me ka paipai ana ʻO ka hana a Higgins ma "armscontrolwonk.com."
Loaʻa i nā pūʻulu ʻelua nā loulou i ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo pro-NATO, ʻo ka ʻAhalika ʻAkelanika, ka mea i poʻo mua i ka hoʻokau ʻana i ke Kaua Cold hou o NATO me Russia. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Higgins i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he "kanaka makua ʻole ma ka Atlantic Council's Future Europe Initiative" a me armcontrolwonk.com wehewehe iā Stein ma ke ʻano he hoa noho ʻole ma ka ʻAha ʻAkelanika ʻo Rafik Hariri Center no ka Middle East.
Hoʻokele ʻia ʻo Armscontrolwonk.com e nā loea hoʻolaha nuklea mai ka Middlebury Institute for International Studies ma Monterey, akā ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻike kūikawā i nā forensics kiʻi.
He pilikia hohonu
Akā ʻoi aku ka hohonu o ka pilikia ma mua o nā pūnaewele pūnaewele a me nā mea paʻi puke e ʻike nei he mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻoihana e hoʻoikaika i nā kumumanaʻo propaganda mai NATO a me nā makemake ʻē aʻe o ke Komohana. ʻO ka pōʻino nui aʻe ka hana a ka media mainstream i ka hana ʻana i ke keʻena echo e hoʻonui i ka disinformation e hele mai ana mai kēia mau amateurs.
E like me ka The New York Times, The Washington Post a me nā hale kūʻai nui ʻē aʻe i ʻai i nā moʻolelo hoʻopunipuni e pili ana i ka WMD o Iraq i ka makahiki 2002-2003, ua ʻoliʻoli lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i nā kumukūʻai kānalua like e pili ana iā Suria, Ukraine a me Rūsia.
A e like me ka pōʻino o Iraq, i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka poʻe o mākou i kūʻē i ka "manaʻo" WMD ma ke ʻano he "Saddam apologists," i kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia mākou he "Assad apologists" a i ʻole "Putin apologists" a i ʻole "hacks" wale nō " waha a pau, ʻaʻohe pālule” - ʻo ia ke ʻano.
No ka laʻana, ma 2013 e pili ana iā Suria, ua holo ka Times i kahi moʻolelo mua-ʻaoʻao me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka "vector analysis" e ʻimi i ka hoʻouka kaua sarin i kahi pūʻali koa Suria ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau kilomita ka mamao, akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka sarin. Manawa e hoʻihoʻi ʻo kāna moʻolelo, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kā Higgins i kākau ai.
A laila, i kona makemake e haʻi aku i ka propaganda anti-Russian e pili ana iā Ukraine ma 2014, ua hoʻi hou ka Times i kahi mea hoʻolaha mai kona mau lā hoʻopunipuni Iraq. Ua ʻae ʻo Michael R. Gordon, ka mea nāna i kākau i ka ʻatikala "aluminum tubes" kaulana i ka makahiki 2002 i koi i ka ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni e hana hou ana ʻo Iraq i kahi papahana mea kaua nuklea.kekahi hou disinformation mai ka Moku'āina 'Oihana i kuhikuhiʻia ʻO nā kiʻi i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike ana i nā koa Lūkini ma Rūsia a laila ʻike hou ʻia ma Ukraine.
Ua ʻike paha kekahi mea kākau moʻolelo koʻikoʻi i nā lua o ka moʻolelo no ka mea ʻaʻole maopopo i kahi i lawe ʻia ai nā kiʻi a i ʻole he poʻe like nā kiʻi pohihihi, akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻomaha ka Times. Ua alakaʻi ka ʻatikala i ka ʻaoʻao mua.
Eia naʻe, ʻelua mau lā ma hope mai, ʻo ka scoop pākī i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai he kiʻi kī i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike ana i kahi pūʻulu o nā koa ma Rusia, a laila ua ʻike hou ʻia ma ka hikina o Ukraine, ua lawe maoli ʻia ma Ukraine, e luku ana i ka manaʻo o ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa.
Akā ʻaʻole kēia mau mea hilahila i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoihoi o ka Times no ka wehe ʻana i nā hoʻolaha anti-Russian inā hiki. Eia naʻe, ʻo kekahi mea hou, ʻaʻole lawe wale ka Times i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni mai ke aupuni US; kahakiʻi pū ia mai nā pūnaewele puni honua "citizen journalism" e like me Bellingcat.
Ma kahi honua kahi i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole ai nā aupuni i ke ala hou e hoʻolaha ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana ma o ia mau "waho."
No laila, ua hauʻoli maoli ka Times 'Kramer i ka hānai ʻana i kahi moʻolelo hou mai ka Pūnaewele i ʻōlelo ai ua kaukaʻi nā Lūkini i nā kiʻi ukali o Ukrainian Buk anti-aircraft missile ma ka hikina o Ukraine ma mua o ka pana ʻana o MH-17.
Ma kahi o ka nīnau ʻana i ka ʻike kiʻi-forensic o kēia mau loea hoʻonui nuklea ma armscontrolwonk.com, ua waiho wale ʻo Kramer i kā lākou mau ʻike e like me ke kākoʻo hou ʻana i nā koi mua a Bellingcat. Ua hoʻomāʻewaʻewa pū ʻo Kramer i nā Lūkini no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e uhi i ko lākou mau ala me nā "manaʻo kipi."
Haʻalele ʻole i nā hōʻike kūhelu
Akā, aia kekahi ʻāpana nui o ka hōʻike e hūnā ana ka Times mai kāna poʻe heluhelu: nā hōʻike palapala mai ka naʻauao o ke Komohana ua loaʻa i ka pūʻali koa Ukrainian nā pahu pahi kaua anti-aircraft ikaika ma ka hikina o Ukraine ma Iulai 17, 2014, a ua loaʻa i nā kipi Lūkini lāhui. 't
i ka hoike Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ʻOkakopa i hala, ua ʻōlelo ka Netherlands 'Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD) ma muli o ka ʻike "huna huna", ua ʻike ʻia ua loaʻa iā Ukraine kekahi mau ʻōnaehana anti-aircraft kahiko akā ikaika a "ua loaʻa kekahi mau ʻōnaehana. ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina. Ua hoʻohui ʻo MIVD ua nele ka poʻe kipi i kēlā mana:
"Ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana, ua ʻike ka MIVD, ma waho aʻe o nā puʻupuʻu mokulele māmā, ua loaʻa i nā Separatists nā ʻōnaehana pale lewa liʻiliʻi pōkole (man-portable air-defence system; MANPADS) a ua loaʻa paha iā lākou nā kaʻa pōkole- nā ʻōnaehana pale ea. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻano ʻōnaehana ʻelua i nā missiles surface-to-air (SAM). Ma muli o ko lākou palena palena ʻaʻole lākou i pilikia i ka mokulele kīwila ma ke kiʻekiʻe holo kiʻekiʻe.
No ka mea ʻo ka naʻauao Dutch he ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana naʻauao NATO, ʻo kēia hōʻike ʻo ia ka NATO a me ka manaʻo like ʻole o ka naʻauao US. No laila, ʻaʻohe kumu liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe Lūkini e hoʻopunipuni i kā lākou mau kiʻi satelite e hōʻike ana i nā pilahi missile anti-aircraft Ukrainian ma ka hikina o Ukraine inā e hōʻike ana nā kiʻi ukali o ke Komohana i ka mea like.
Akā aia kekahi kumu i nānā ʻole ai ka Times a me nā puke nui ʻē aʻe i kēia palapala aupuni Dutch - no ka mea inā pololei ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka poʻe wale nō i hiki ke pana i ka MH-17 no ka pūʻali koa Ukrainian. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻohuli i ka moʻolelo hoʻolaha i makemake ʻia e hoʻopiʻi nei i nā Lūkini.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻeleʻele o ka hōʻike Dutch ʻo ia ka mea ua haʻalele ka Times a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke Komohana i kā lākou kuleana nūpepa e hōʻike i nā hōʻike kūpono āpau e pili ana i kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi - e lawe ana i ka hoʻokolokolo i ka poʻe pepehi kanaka 298 hewa ʻole. Ma mua o "nā nūhou āpau i kūpono e paʻi," ke hoʻopaʻa nei ka Times i ka hihia ma ka waiho ʻana i nā hōʻike e hele ana i ka "ʻaoʻao hewa."
ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia paha kekahi mau wehewehe no ke ʻano o ka NATO a me ka naʻauao Lūkini hiki ke hele mai i ka hopena "kuhihewa" wale nō ka pūʻali koa Ukrainian i pana i lalo MH-17, akā hiki i ka Times a me ke koena o ka Western mainstream media hiki ' e hoʻohua wale i ka ʻike ʻole.
Inā ʻaʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kāu kumu maoli ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻolaha, ʻaʻole ka hana ʻana i ka nūpepa. A laila, manaʻo wau i ke ʻano o ka Times, nā puke MSM ʻē aʻe a, ʻae, ʻo Bellingcat ka manaʻo nui.
[No ka mea hou aku e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, e ʻike i ka Consortiumnews.com's "MH-17: ʻElua makahiki o ka hoʻolaha kūʻē iā Rusia"A me"Ua Nalo ʻo NYT i kāna Propaganda Ukraine. "]
