Na David Swanson lāua ʻo Pat Elder, World Beyond War
ʻO ka hopena o ka Pentagon ma ka muliwai kahi e noho ai kona kapa ʻaʻole ia wale ka hopena diffuse o ka hoʻomehana honua a me nā kai piʻi aʻe i hāʻawi ʻia e ka pūʻali koa nui o ka ʻaila US. Hoʻopuka pololei ka pūʻali koa US i ka muliwai ʻo Potomac ma nā ʻano he nui aku ma mua o ka manaʻo o kekahi.
E holo i ka holoholo i lalo o ka Potomac mai kona kumu i nā kuahiwi o West Virginia a i kona waha ma Chesapeake Bay. ʻO ka huakaʻi ma lalo o kēia kahawai wai nui kikoʻī ʻeono mau kahua ʻo EPA Superfund i hana ʻia e ka Pentagon me ka nānā ʻole i ka hana kaiaola palupalu o ka muliwai ʻo Potomac.
ʻO ka US Navy ʻO ka papahana papahanaʻo Allegany Ballistics ma Rocket Center, West Virginia, 130 mau mile ma ka'ākau o Washington, he kumu koʻikoʻi ia o ka pōʻino ma ka muliwai o Potomac. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā metala pālahalaha a me nā meaʻona e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia e hoʻopili i ka lepo a me ka wai lepo me nā kinikona paʻakikī. Hoʻopiliʻia ka lepo a me ka lepo ma ka muliwai e nā mea pāhana, nā dioxins, nā pūnaehana hoʻomehana honua, nā meaʻaila, ka hale hoʻolālā a me nāʻenehana ahupuaʻa, ka lepo o ka lepo mai ka hōʻiliʻili lepo, nā mīmili palolo, nā pehu, a me nā mea lahilahi. Loaʻa ka pae'āina beryllium i kahi pūnaewele. Ke hoʻohanaʻia nei kahi'ānahana puhi no ka hoʻolimalimaʻana, kāpīpī i nā lepo lepo ma luna o ka muliwai. ʻAʻole maikaʻi.
ʻO ka heleʻana i nā kahawai 90 ma kahi hema e lawe iā mākou i Fort Detrick ma Frederick, Maryland, ka "hōʻailona hōʻoia" no ka papahana ola kino o ka lāhui. ʻO Anthrax, Phosgene, a me carbon carbonate, sulfur, a me phosphorous ua kanuʻia maʻaneʻi. Hoʻopiliʻia ka wai honua me kahi trichlorethyleneʻeha, he kino kino kanaka, a tetrachloroethene, i manaʻoʻia no ka hanaʻana i nā maʻi koko i loko o nā holoholona laʻau. Ua ho'āʻo ka Army i nā pūstly a me nā mea hana nui maʻaneʻi, e like me Bacillus globigii, Serratia marcescens, a me Escherichia coli. ʻOiai ua'ōlelo ke DOD, ua ho'ōkiʻia ka ho'āʻoʻana i nā mea ola koolaola no nā hana hewa ma 1971,ʻo ke koiʻana e like me ka hoʻokomoʻana o ka pūʻali koa i nā pūnaha missile "palekana" kokoke i ka palena o kaʻenemi.
ʻO Fort Detrick kekahi moʻolelo o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka phosphorus i loko o kona pūnaeho momona a pau ka holoiʻana i ke kahawaiʻo Monocacy, he kanaka pilikino o Potomac. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kohoʻia e ka Moku'āinaʻo Maryland ka'Āina no nā'eneka kūpono loa. ʻO ka nui o ka phosphorus i loko o ka wai e hoʻonui ka uluʻana o nā'alekoka ma mua o ke kaiapuni o Potomac. He make. ʻO ka Pūʻali ka mea alakaʻi mua o ka muliwai wai o Potomac.
ʻO 40 wale nō mile ma lalo o ka muliwai mai Fort Detrick kahiʻo Washington Kauwela Valley ke kaiāulu a me ka pā kula o ke KulanuiʻAmelika. Ua hoʻohanaʻia kēia wahi e ka Army ma ke Kaua Honuaʻo Ka Honua e ho'āʻo ai i ka lewisite, he kinoea make o arsenic. Ua lili nā koa i nā holoholona i ke kau a ua hoʻokuʻu i nā huapuni mele eʻike i ka wikiwiki o nā holoholona i make. Ua uhi paʻaʻia kēia wahi me nā mea ola kino make a hoʻokipaʻia nā koa e ka poʻe i koe i nā mea kani ma hope o ka hoʻokolohuaʻana. Aiaʻo Perchlorate a me Arsenic ma ka wai honua i kēia lā. Ua pau i ka lua o nā kino lāʻau i hoʻohaumiaʻia i ka wai kai e pili kokoke ana i ka Dalecarlia Reservoir, ma kahi o ka Potomac.
ʻElima mau mile ka hema,ʻo Honolulu Navy Yard aia ma ka muliwaiʻo Anacostia, kokoke i kona confluence me ka Potomac. ʻO ia kekahi o nā pale i hoʻopōʻinoʻia o ka waiwai paʻa ma ka'āina. ʻO ka Navy Yard kahi mua i loaʻa no ka hanaʻana o nā pūkuniahi, nā pūpū, a me ka pana. ʻO ka'āina e pili ana i ka muliwai ua haumia i ka tetrachloride, cyanide, perchlorethylene, tetrachloride carbon, dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, lead, and metals, acids, cleaners, caustics, iridite and alkaline, lead, chromium, cadmium, antimony, biphenyls (polychlorinated biphenyls) PCBs) a me dioxins.
Ma ke kahakaiʻo Maryland, 20 mile mai ke kavy Yard, hiki mākou i ka Ināʻo Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center ma Charles County, me kona moʻolelo 100 makahiki o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana a me nā meaʻona hoʻoweliweli lepo. Ua hoʻokuʻu pinepineʻia ka papahana hanaʻino i loko o nā'ōnaehana septic, nā pūnāwaha a me nāʻauwaiʻino i hoʻokuʻu pololei i loko o nā wai kai e pili ana i ka pahu Potomac. ʻO ke kai wai ma kahi hale ua haumia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka mercury.
ʻO nā'ōmole wai wai i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma Indian Head nā mea i loaʻa i ka helu ma waena o 1,600 a me 436,000 ug / L. No ka hoʻokomoʻana i kēiaʻikepili i loko o ka pōʻaiapili, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia e ka Department of Environment Environment Maryland kahi kūkā kūkākūkā inu wai o 1 ug / L. Ua piliʻia ka pehu o Perchlorate me kona hopena maikaʻiʻole i ka lauroid thyroid.
ʻO ka hope, hiki mākou ʻO ka Naval Surface Warfare Center - Dahlgren, aia kekahi 20 mile ma ka hema o Indian Head, ma ke kahawaiʻo Potomac i ka Mō'ī George County, Virginia. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻoleʻia o nā mea lapaʻau e hoʻopōʻino i ka lepo, ka wai lepo, a me ka lepo. A hiki i kēia lā, hoʻopukaʻo Dahlgren i ka palapalaha'ōlohelohe, kāpīpī i ka mea make ma luna o ka Potomac, ka Northern Northern o Virginia, a me Southern Maryland. A like o nāʻanoʻokoʻa no ka hoʻoponopono'alapala ma Dahlgren e helu i nā kumukūʻai kālā no ka wela wela e like me "$ 0." E like me ka EPA, "ʻaʻohe ikaika o nā luna o DOD no ka hoʻololiʻana i keʻano i hanaʻia ai e lākou no 70 makahiki. Weheʻia ke ahi a me ka hoʻopunipuni ka meaʻoi loa loa no lākou. "
Ma Dahlgren, hoʻokuʻuʻia ka mercury e hui pūʻia me nā mea lapaʻau ma Gambo Creek, kahi e iho pololei i loko o ka Potomac. ʻO ka kanuʻana o nā'ahamera i kāwili pūʻia me nā metala kaumaha a me polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ua hoʻopiha i ka honua ma ka mana Potomac. Nā PCBs, Trichloroethane, a me nā pesticides e hui pūʻia me ka pāpili āpau mai nā kahua pahū a kanuʻia ka uranium i hoʻolālāʻia e hana i keʻano o ka mea kaua kīmoa iʻikeʻiaʻo ia he mea hoʻokele punahele.
I ka makahiki 1608 ʻo John Smith ka ʻEulopa mua i mākaʻikaʻi i nā wai o ka Potomac mai ke Chesapeake Bay a i Wakinekona. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i ka muliwai a me ka Chesapeake, ua kākau ʻo Smith, "ʻAʻole i ʻae ka lani a me ka Honua i ka mea maikaʻi e kūkulu i wahi no ko ke kanaka wahi e noho ai." He nani nō ia, akā he 400 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua waiawahia ka wai a me ka lepo. ʻO nā pūnaewele EPA Superfund i hōʻike ʻia ma luna e loaʻa koke ka liʻiliʻi o ka nānā ma mua o kā lākou no ka mea ʻo kā Pelekikena Trump's 2018 hoʻolālā kālā e kāhea ana no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka papahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe Superfund ma kahi o ka hapahā.
Ua hōʻike ka EPA i kēia mau mea make i loko o ka wai o ka muliwai o Potomac,ʻo ia ka hopena o nā hana kaua: Acetone, Alcaline, Arsenic, Anthrax, Antimony, Bacillus Globigii, Beryllium, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Cadmium, Carbon ʻO ka pēpēnela, ka Chromium, ka Cyanide, ka Cyclonite, ka Uromium, Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Dinitrotoluene, Dioxins, Escherichia Coli, Mokika, Kaʻika, Mercury, Nickel, Nitroglycerin, Perchlorate, Perchlorethylene, Phosgene, Phosprorous, Polybolloated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polycarromons Hydrocarbons (PAHs ), Kalamua Radioactive, sulfur radioactive, Serratia Marcescens, Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene, Toluene, Trans-Dichloroethylene, Trichloroethene, Trichlororethylene, Trinitrobenzene, Trinitrotoluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xlene, a me Zinc.
He mamao loa ka Potomac. ʻEono kaumāiwa hapahā o ka US Hoʻonui ʻO nā hopena o ka hopena o ka'āina kahi hopena o nā hoʻolālā kaua.
ʻO nā hoʻomākaukau no ke kaua e lilo i ka manawa o 10 i ke kālā e hana pono ai nā kaua, a e hoʻohālua i nā manawa o 10 i ka make. ʻO ka hoʻouka kauaʻana o US i nā hoʻolālā kaua i ke kumu o ka makeʻana ma o ka hoʻohuliʻana i nā kumuwaiwai mai nā pono o nā kānaka a ma ke kū pololei i ka hoʻopauʻana i ka hoʻopau i ka hoʻopuniʻana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma United States, a ma loko o ka Potomac.
ʻO ka mea i kapaʻia ke kōkuaʻana o ka haole ma nā hakakā kaua o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka nui haʻawina, 100 mau manawa -ʻaʻole ma kahi o ka pōʻino,ʻaʻole kahi i loko o ka hanaʻino,ʻaʻole kahi e weliweli ai ke ao nei, akā inā he nui kaʻaila o ka'āina i ke kaua a iʻole he mea kiʻekiʻe ka meaʻaila i kaʻaila.
ʻO ka pūʻali Koa US kahi mea kūʻai nui loa o kaʻaila, e puhi ana i kaʻoi aku o kaʻoihana ma mua o ka hapanui o nā'āina a pau, a e puhi nui i nā papahana no nā kaua hou. Aia kekahi mauʻoihana koa e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka pōʻino me ka moku momona ma nā minuke 10 ma mua o ka hiki iāʻoe me ka'ōhinu e hoʻokele aku i kāu kaʻa no ka makahiki.
ʻO kēlā me kēia heluʻana e hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻopau ākea o nā mea hana lima a me kā lākou mau mea kaua. ʻO US ka mea alakaʻi mua i nā mea kaua i ke koena o ke ao.
ʻO nā helu helu āpau e haʻalele i ka hapa nui o nā pōʻino a me nā kikoʻī āpau o ka ʻeha kanaka. Puhi ka pūʻali koa US i nā ʻōpala ʻawahia ma kahi ākea, kokoke i kona pūʻali koa ponoʻī ma nā wahi e like me ʻIraka, kokoke i nā hale o ka poʻe e noho ana i nā ʻāina i hoʻouka kaua ʻia, a ma loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā mea he nui - pinepine ka ʻilihuna a me ka hapa liʻiliʻi - nā kaiāulu e like me Colfax, Louisiana, a me Dahlgren ma ka Potomac.
ʻO ka nui o ka pōʻino he mau loa ia, e like me ka mea make o ka uranium pauʻole, hoʻohanaʻia ma nā wahi like me Suria a me Iraq. Akā, heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia ma nā wahi a puni ka United States. Kokoke St. Louis, Missouri, he lepo ke ahi Ke neʻe neiʻo ia a kokoke i kahi papa lepo o kaʻona hanahana.
A laila aia nō ka muliwaiʻo Potomac. Holo kahe i ka hema ma waena o Lincoln a me Jefferson Memorials ma Wakinekona, DC ma ka hikina, a me Arlington, Virginia, ma ke komohana, kahi e lawe ai ka Pentagon Lagoon i ka wai a hiki i ke keʻena o ka militarism o ka honua.
ʻAʻole noho wale ka home o ke kaua ma kahi kokoke i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai - e piʻi mua ana a koʻikoʻi no nā hopena o ke kaua, akā ʻo kēlā mau wai kikoʻī - nā wai o ka Potomac a me Chesapeake Bay kahi e kahe ai, a me nā kai eʻe hāpai a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wai o ka Pentagon Lagoon i kēlā me kēia lā - haumia nui ʻia e nā hoʻomākaukau kaua.
ʻO kēia ke kumu e hoʻolālā nei mākou a ke kono iāʻoe e komo i kahi kayactivist ʻo flotilla i ka Pentagon ma Sepatemaba 16th. Pono mākou e lawe mai i ka noi o No More Oil no nā Wars a hiki i ka puka o kā mākou mea e hoʻopau i ke kaiapuni.
