Na David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Ianuali 26, 2023
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka ʻElima o ka ʻaha kūkā o ka honua no ke kaulike honua
Ke kahakiʻi ʻana i ka puke i paʻi ʻia nei, ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine ma 200 a me ka mea e hoʻololi ai
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ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine he kumu kūpono ia no nā hana, maikaʻi kekahi, ʻaʻohe manaʻo, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka hapa nui. Noho mau ka Monroe Doctrine, me ka maopopo a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻia i ka ʻōlelo hou. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻo hou ma luna o kona mau kumu. Eia nā ʻōlelo o ka Monroe Doctrine, e like me ke koho pono ʻana mai ka Pelekikena James Monroe State of the Union Address 200 makahiki i hala ma Dekemaba 2, 1823:
"Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa kūpono no ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kumu i komo ai nā kuleana a me nā pono o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo nā ʻāina ʻAmelika, ma ke kūlana kūʻokoʻa a lākou i manaʻo ai a mālama ai, ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo ʻia. ma ke ano he mau kumuhana no ka noho aupuni ana e na mana o Europa. . . .
"No laila, he ʻaiʻē mākou i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me nā pilina aloha e kū nei ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kēlā mau mana e haʻi aku e pono mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma kā lākou ʻaoʻao e hoʻonui i kā lākou ʻōnaehana i kekahi ʻāpana o kēia hemisphere he mea weliweli i ko mākou maluhia a palekana. . Me nā kolone a i ʻole nā mea hilinaʻi o kekahi mana ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole mākou i keakea a ʻaʻole hoʻi e keakea. Aka, me na Aupuni i hai aku i ko lakou kuokoa a malama ia ia, a me ko lakou kuokoa i loaa ia makou, ma ka noonoo nui ana a me na kumu kupono, aole hiki ia makou ke nana aku i kekahi kuikahi no ka hookaumaha ia lakou, a me ka hoomalu ana ma kekahi ano e ae i ko lakou hopena. , e kekahi mana ʻEulopa ma kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi ʻano aloha aloha ʻole iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO kēia nā huaʻōlelo i kapa ʻia ʻo "Monroe Doctrine." Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia lākou mai kahi haʻiʻōlelo i ʻōlelo nui i ke ʻano o ke kūkākūkā maluhia me nā aupuni o ʻEulopa, ʻoiai e hoʻolauleʻa ana i ka lanakila ʻana a me ka noho ʻana o ka ʻōlelo i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻāina "noho ʻole" o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻAʻohe mea hou o ia mau kumuhana. ʻO ka mea hou, ʻo ia ka manaʻo e kūʻē hou i ka noho ʻana o ʻEulopa e ka poʻe ʻEulopa ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ka hoʻokele hewa ʻana o nā aupuni ʻEulopa a me ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻana o ka poʻe ma nā ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻO kēia haʻiʻōlelo, ʻoiai ʻoiai e hoʻohana pinepine ana i ka huaʻōlelo "the civilised world" e kuhikuhi iā ʻEulopa a me nā mea i hana ʻia e ʻEulopa, e kahakiʻi hoʻi i kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke ʻano o nā aupuni ma ʻAmelika a me ke ʻano i makemake ʻole ʻia i kekahi mau lāhui ʻEulopa. Hiki i kekahi ke ʻike ma aneʻi i ke kupuna o ke kaua i hoʻolaha ʻia nei o nā democracies kūʻē i nā autocracies.
ʻO ka Doctrine of Discovery - ka manaʻo e hiki i kahi lāhui ʻEulopa ke koi i kekahi ʻāina ʻaʻole i koi ʻia e nā lāhui ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, me ka nānā ʻole i ka poʻe e noho nei ma laila - mai ka makahiki ʻumikūmālima a me ka hale pule Katolika. Akā ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kānāwai ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 1823, ʻo ia ka makahiki like me kā Monroe haʻiʻōlelo. Ua waiho ʻia ma laila e ke hoa ola o Monroe, ʻo ka Lunakanawai Kiʻekiʻe ʻAmelika ʻo John Marshall. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ʻAmelika iā ia iho, ʻo ia wale nō paha ma waho o ʻEulopa, me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pono ʻike like me nā lāhui ʻEulopa. (Malia paha, ma Kekemapa 2022 kokoke i nā lāhui a pau o ka Honua i pūlima i ka ʻaelike e hoʻokaʻawale i 30% o ka ʻāina a me ke kai o ka Honua no nā holoholona hihiu ma ka makahiki 2030. Nā ʻokoʻa: ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka Vatican.)
I loko o nā hālāwai kuhina a hiki i ka Mokuʻāina ʻo Monroe i ka makahiki 1823, ua nui nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana iā Cuba a me Texas i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua manaʻo nui ʻia e makemake kēia mau wahi e hui. Ua like kēia me ka hana maʻamau a kēia mau lālā o ka ʻaha Kuhina no ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he colonialism a imperialism, akā ma ke ʻano he anti-colonial self-determination. Ma ke kūʻē ʻana i ka colonialism ʻEulopa, a ma ka manaʻoʻiʻo ʻana e koho kekahi e koho e lilo i ʻāpana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hiki i kēia mau kāne ke hoʻomaopopo i ka imperialism ma ke ʻano he anti-imperialism.
Ua loaʻa iā mākou ma ka haʻiʻōlelo a Monroe ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka manaʻo ʻo ka "pale" o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā mea mamao mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ke aupuni US i haʻi ai he "makemake" koʻikoʻi. lā. ʻO ka "2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States," e lawe i hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kaukani, e pili mau ana i ka pale ʻana i nā "makemake" a me nā "waiwai" US, i wehewehe ʻia e noho nei ma waho a me nā aupuni hui, a he ʻokoʻa mai ka United States. Mokuʻāina a i ʻole ka "ʻāina hānau." ʻAʻole kēia he mea hou me ka Monroe Doctrine. Inā paha, ʻaʻole hiki i ka Pelekikena Monroe ke ʻōlelo ma ia ʻōlelo hoʻokahi, "ua mālama ʻia ka ikaika maʻamau ma ke Kai Mediterranean, ka Moana Pākīpika, a ma nā kahakai ʻo Atelanika, a ua hāʻawi i ka palekana kūpono i kā mākou kalepa ma ia mau kai. .” ʻO Monroe, ka mea nāna i kūʻai aku i ka Louisiana Purchase mai iā Napoleona no ka Pelekikena Thomas Jefferson, ua hoʻonui aku ʻo ia i nā kuleana o ʻAmelika ma ke komohana a hiki i ka Pākīpika a ma ka ʻōlelo mua o ka Monroe Doctrine e kūʻē ana i ka noho aupuni ʻana o Rūsia ma kahi ʻāpana o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau mamao loa mai ka palena komohana o. Missouri a i ʻole ʻIlinoi. ʻO ka hana o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mea i waiho ʻia ma lalo o ke poʻo poʻomanaʻo o nā "makemake" e like me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kaua ua hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka Monroe Doctrine a ma hope mai e nā aʻo a me nā hana i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o kona kumu.
Loaʻa iā mākou, ma ka ʻōlelo e hoʻopuni ana i ka Doctrine, ka wehewehe ʻana he mea hoʻoweliweli i nā "makemake" US o ka hiki ke "pono nā mana hui e hoʻonui i kā lākou ʻōnaehana politika i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina [ʻAmelika]." ʻO nā mana hui, ʻo ka Holy Alliance, a i ʻole ka Grand Alliance, he hui kuikahi o nā aupuni mōʻī ma Prussia, Austria, a me Rusia, i kū no ka pono akua o nā mōʻī, a kūʻē i ka demokala a me ka hoʻomana. ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea kaua i Ukraine a me nā hoʻopaʻi kūʻē iā Rūsia ma 2022, ma ka inoa o ka pale ʻana i ka demokala mai ka autocracy Lūkini, he ʻāpana o kahi moʻomeheu lōʻihi a ʻaʻole i haki ʻia e hoʻi i ka Monroe Doctrine. ʻAʻole paha ʻo Ukraine i ke aupuni democracy, a ʻo ke aupuni US nā mea kaua, nā kaʻaahi, a me ke kālā i nā pūʻali koa o ka hapa nui o nā aupuni hoʻokaumaha loa ma ka Honua e kūlike me nā hoʻokamani i hala o ka ʻōlelo a me ka hana. ʻO ke kauā ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o Monroe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke aupuni democracy ma mua o ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēia lā. ʻO nā aupuni ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i haʻi ʻole ʻia i loko o nā ʻōlelo a Monroe, akā hiki ke nānā i mua e luku ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke Komohana (ʻo kekahi o nā aupuni i lilo i mea hoʻoikaika nui no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke aupuni US e like me kekahi mea ma ʻEulopa), Demokalaka ma mua o nā lāhui ʻAmelika Latin e ʻōlelo nei ʻo Monroe e pale aku akā ʻo ke aupuni US e hana pinepine i ke kū'ē i ka pale ʻana.
ʻO kēlā mau mea kaua i hoʻouna ʻia i Ukraine, nā hoʻopaʻi kūʻē iā Rūsia, a me nā pūʻali koa US i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻEulopa, i ka manawa like, he uhaki i ke kuʻuna i kākoʻo ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo a Monroe no ka haʻalele ʻana i nā kaua ʻEulopa inā paha, e like me kā Monroe i ʻōlelo ai, ʻaʻole hiki i Sepania ke lanakila. ” nā mana kūʻē i ka democratic o ia lā. ʻO kēia moʻomeheu hoʻokaʻawale, lōʻihi ka mana a me ka kūleʻa, a ʻaʻole naʻe i hoʻopau ʻia, ua hoʻopau ʻia e ka US komo ʻana i nā kaua honua ʻelua, mai ia manawa ʻaʻole i haʻalele nā kahua kaua o US, a me ka ʻike o ke aupuni US i kāna mau "pono" ʻEulopa. Akā i ka makahiki 2000, ua holo ʻo Patrick Buchanan no ka pelekikena ʻo ʻAmelika ma ke kahua o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka noi a Monroe Doctrine no ka noho kaʻawale a me ka pale ʻana i nā kaua haole.
ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine hoʻi i hoʻonui i ka manaʻo, e ola mau nei i kēia lā, hiki i kahi pelekikena US, ma mua o ka US Congress, ke hoʻoholo i kahi a me ka mea e hele ai ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kaua - ʻaʻole wale he kaua koke, akā kekahi helu. o na kaua e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine, he kumu hoʻohālike mua ia o ka "ʻae no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻali koa" e ʻae ana i kekahi helu o nā kaua, a me ke ʻano i aloha nui ʻia e ka US media outlets i kēia lā o "ka huki ʻana i kahi laina ʻulaʻula. .” Ke ulu nei ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, he mea maʻamau no nā makahiki he nui no ka US media e koi aku i ka pelekikena o ʻAmelika e "kau i kahi laina ʻulaʻula" e hana ana i ka United States i ke kaua, ʻaʻole wale i nā kuʻikahi i pāpā. ʻAʻole wale ka manaʻo i hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma ka haʻiʻōlelo hoʻokahi i loko o ka Monroe Doctrine e hoʻoholo ai nā kānaka i ke ʻano o ke aupuni, akā ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mana kaua i ke Kumukānāwai ma ka ʻAhaʻōlelo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā koi a me ke koi ʻana i ka hahai ʻana ma nā "laina ʻulaʻula" ma ka pāpaho US me nā manaʻo e:
- E hoʻomaka ana ʻo Pelekikena Barack Obama i ke kaua nui ma Suria inā hoʻohana ʻo Suria i nā mea kaua kemika,
- E hoʻouka kaua ʻo Pelekikena Donald Trump iā Iran inā kūʻē nā proxies Iran i nā pono US,
- E hoʻouka pololei ʻo Pelekikena Biden iā Rūsia me nā pūʻali koa US inā hoʻouka ʻo Rūsia i kahi lālā NATO.
ʻO kekahi kuʻuna maikaʻi ʻole i mālama ʻia me ka Monroe Doctrine ʻo ia ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā democracies ʻAmelika Latin. ʻO kēia ka moʻomeheu kaulana i kāpīpī i ka ʻāina US me nā monuments iā Simón Bolívar, he kanaka i mālama mua ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke ʻano he kipi kipi ma ke kumu hoʻohālike o George Washington ʻoiai ua pālahalaha ʻia nā manaʻo ʻino i nā haole a me nā Katolika. ʻO ka mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia o kēia kuʻuna, ʻo ia ke ʻano haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻohe mea kūʻē i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke aupuni demokala Latin ʻAmelika ma mua o ke aupuni US, me nā hui hui US a me nā conquistador i kapa ʻia ʻo filibusterers. ʻAʻohe mea kaua nui a kākoʻo paha i nā aupuni hoʻokaumaha a puni ka honua i kēia lā ma mua o ke aupuni US a me nā mea kūʻai mea kaua US. ʻO kahi kumu nui i ka hana ʻana i kēia kūlana ʻo ka Monroe Doctrine. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i pau loa ka moʻomeheu o ke kākoʻo mahalo a me ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu i ke aupuni demokala ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua komo pinepine ʻo ia i ke kūʻē kūʻē i nā hana a ke aupuni US. ʻO ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ʻEulopa, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kahi ʻano aupuni ʻē aʻe e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua haʻi aku ʻo Pelekikena Donald Trump i ka Monroe Doctrine i ke ola a me ka maikaʻi, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana "ʻO ia ke kulekele kuʻuna o ko mākou ʻāina mai ka Pelekikena Monroe e hōʻole mākou i ke keakea ʻana o nā lāhui ʻē i kēia hemisphere." ʻOiai ʻo Trump ka pelekikena, ʻelua mau kākau ʻōlelo o ka mokuʻāina, hoʻokahi kākau ʻōlelo o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pale, a ʻo kekahi kākāʻōlelo palekana aupuni i kamaʻilio ākea i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka Monroe Doctrine. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo National Security Advisor John Bolton e hiki ke komo ʻo ʻAmelika i Venezuela, Cuba, a me Nicaragua no ka mea aia lākou i ka Hemisphere Komohana: "Ma kēia hoʻokele, ʻaʻole mākou hopohopo e hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo Monroe Doctrine." ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ua nīnau ʻo CNN iā Bolton e pili ana i ka hoʻokamani o ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā dictator a puni ka honua a laila e ʻimi ana e hoʻokahuli i ke aupuni no ka mea he dictator. Ma Iulai 14, 2021, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Fox News no ka hoʻolaʻa hou ʻana i ka Monroe Doctrine i mea e "lawe mai ai i ke kūʻokoʻa i ka poʻe Cuban" ma ka hoʻokahuli ʻana i ke aupuni o Cuba me ka hiki ʻole iā Rūsia a me Kina ke hāʻawi i ke kōkua iā Cuba.
ʻO nā ʻōlelo Sepania i loko o nā nūhou hou i ka "Doctrina Monroe" he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, e kūʻē ana i ka hoʻokau ʻana o US i nā ʻaelike kalepa ʻoihana, hoʻāʻo ʻo US e kāpae i kekahi mau lāhui mai kahi Summit of the Americas, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana o ʻAmelika i nā hoʻāʻo kipi, ʻoiai ke kākoʻo nei i ka emi ʻana o ka US. hegemony ma luna o ʻAmelika Latina, a me ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana, e like me ka Monroe Doctrine, ka "doctrina bolivariana."
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Pukiki "Doutrina Monroe", e hoʻoponopono i nā ʻatikala Google. ʻO kahi poʻomanaʻo poʻomanaʻo: "'Doutrina Monroe', Basta!"
Akā ʻo ka hihia ʻaʻole i make ka Monroe Doctrine ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona inoa. I ka makahiki 2020, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Bolivian Evo Morales ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi hoʻāʻo kipi ma Bolivia i hiki ke loaʻa iā US oligarch Elon Musk ka lithium. Ua hoʻopuka koke ʻo Musk: "E hoʻokahuli mākou i ka mea a mākou e makemake ai! Hana me ia." ʻO ia ka Monroe Doctrine i unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo o kēia wā, e like me ka New International Bible of US policy, i kākau ʻia e nā akua o ka mōʻaukala akā unuhi ʻia e Elon Musk no ka mea heluhelu hou.
He mau pūʻali koa ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā kahua i kekahi mau aupuni ʻAmelika Latin a kani i ka honua. Ke hoʻomau nei ke aupuni US i nā hoʻokahuli aupuni ma Latin America, akā ke kū nei nō hoʻi i ke koho ʻia ʻana o nā aupuni hema. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻaʻole makemake hou ʻo ʻAmelika i nā pelekikena ma nā aupuni ʻAmelika Latin e hoʻokō i kāna mau "makemake" i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i nā elites, loaʻa nā ʻaelike kālepa hui e like me CAFTA (The Central American Free Trade Agreement) ma wahi, ua hāʻawi i nā hui o ʻAmelika i ka mana kānāwai e hana i kā lākou mau kānāwai ponoʻī ma ko lākou mau ʻāina ponoʻī i loko o nā lāhui e like me Honduras, he nui nā aie i kāna mau ʻoihana, hāʻawi i ke kōkua makemake nui me kāna koho ʻana i nā kaula i hoʻopili ʻia, a ua loaʻa nā pūʻali koa i kahi me nā ʻāpono. e like me ke kālepa lāʻau lapaʻau no ka lōʻihi loa e ʻae ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa he mea hiki ʻole ke pale aku. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau ka Monroe Doctrine, inā paha mākou e haʻi i kēlā mau huaʻōlelo ʻelua a ʻaʻole paha.
Ua aʻo pinepine ʻia mākou ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka Monroe Doctrine a hiki i nā makahiki he mau makahiki ma hope o kona haʻi ʻana, a ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he laikini no ka imperialism a hiki i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia a unuhi hou ʻia e nā hanauna hope. ʻAʻole wahaheʻe kēia, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo ia ke kumu like i aʻo ʻia ai mākou i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka ka imperialism US a hiki i 1898, a ʻo ke kumu hoʻokahi i kapa ʻia ke kaua ma Vietnam, a ma hope o ke kaua ma Afghanistan, " ʻo ke kaua US lōʻihi loa. ʻO ke kumu, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia nā ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e like me ka poʻe maoli, me nā lāhui maoli, me nā kaua kūʻē iā lākou he mau kaua maoli. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i pau i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ua manaʻo ʻia e like me ka loaʻa ʻana ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka imperial, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i komo i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka lanakila maoli ʻana he mea make loa, a ʻoiai kekahi o nā mea ma hope. ʻO kēia hoʻonui imperial nui i manaʻo e hoʻokomo i nā mea āpau o Kanada, Mexico, Caribbean, a me Central America. ʻO ka naʻi ʻana o nā mea he nui (akā ʻaʻole nā mea āpau) o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ʻo ia ka hoʻokō koʻikoʻi loa o ka Monroe Doctrine, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana me ia. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o ka Doctrine ponoʻī ke kūʻē nei i ka colonialism Lūkini ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻO ka lanakila ʻana o ʻAmelika i (ka nui o) ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻoiai e hana ʻia ana, ua ʻāpono pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he kūʻē i ka colonialism ʻEulopa.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hōʻaiʻē a i ʻole ka hewa no ke kākau ʻana i ka Monroe Doctrine i hāʻawi ʻia i ke Kakauolelo o ka Mokuʻāina ʻo James Monroe ʻo John Quincy Adams. Akā ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi hana kiʻi pilikino i ka ʻōlelo. ʻO ka nīnau o ke kulekele e haʻi aku i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e Adams, Monroe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻoholo hope loa, a me ke koho ʻana o Adams i kākau ʻōlelo no ka mokuʻāina, e hāʻule ana iā Monroe. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia a me kona mau hoa "mākua hoʻokumu" i kahi pelekikena hoʻokahi i hiki ke kau i ke kuleana ma luna o kekahi.
ʻO James Monroe ka lima o ka pelekikena o ʻAmelika, a ʻo ka pelekikena hope loa i hoʻokumu ʻia, e hahai ana ma ke ala o Thomas Jefferson a me James Madison, kona mau hoaaloha a me nā hoalauna i kēia manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo Central Virginia, a ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi e hahai ana i ke kanaka ʻē aʻe e holo kūʻē ʻole no kahi ʻelua kau, hoa Virginia mai ka ʻāpana o Virginia kahi i ulu ai ʻo Monroe, ʻo George Washington. Hāʻule pū ʻo Monroe i nā aka o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Eia ma Charlottesville, Vireginia, kahi a'u e noho nei, a ma kahi i noho ai o Monroe a me Jefferson, he kii o Monroe, i loaa mua ma waena o ka pa o ke Kulanui o Vireginia, ua pani mua ia e ke kii o ka haku haku mele Helene o Homer. ʻO ka hale mākaʻikaʻi nui loa ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka hale o Jefferson, me ka hale o Monroe e loaʻa ana i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka nānā. Ma ke mele kaulana ʻo Broadway "Hamilton," ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ʻo James Monroe i ʻApelika-ʻAmelika e kūʻē i ke kauā a aloha i ke kūʻokoʻa a hōʻike i nā mele no ka mea ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokomo ʻia.
Akā, he mea koʻikoʻi ʻo Monroe i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā, a i ʻole ia. He manaʻoʻiʻo nui ʻo Monroe i nā kaua a me nā pūʻali koa, a ʻo ia paha ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo nui loa i nā makahiki mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka hoʻolimalima pūʻali koa a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pūʻali koa kū mamao loa - kahi mea i kūʻē ʻia e nā kumu aʻoaʻo o Monroe ʻo Jefferson lāua ʻo Madison. ʻAʻole ia he mea liʻiliʻi e kapa ʻia ʻo Monroe ka makua kāne hoʻokumu o ka pūʻali ʻoihana koa (e hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo a Eisenhower i hoʻoponopono ʻia mai ka "military industrial congressional complex" a i ʻole, no ka mea, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe hoʻomalu maluhia e hoʻopaʻa inoa iā ia ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana - hoʻokahi i waena o nā mea he nui. hoʻohana ʻia e koʻu hoaaloha ʻo Ray McGovern, ka Military-Industrial-Congressional-Intelligence-Media-Academia-Think Tank complex, a i ʻole MICIMATT).
ʻElua mau kenekulia o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka militarism a me ka hūnā he kumuhana nui. ʻOiai ke kaupalena ʻana i ke kumuhana i ka Hemisphere Komohana, hāʻawi wau i loko o kaʻu puke hou i nā mea koʻikoʻi wale nō, me kekahi mau kumuhana, kekahi mau laʻana, kekahi mau papa inoa a me nā helu, e hōʻike i ke kiʻi piha a hiki iaʻu ke hana. He moʻolelo ia o nā hana koa, me nā hoʻokahuli aupuni, a me nā mea hoʻoweliweli, akā, ʻo nā hana hoʻokele waiwai.
I ka makahiki 1829, ua kākau ʻo Simón Bolívar ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa "me he mea lā e hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika i ka pōʻino ma ka inoa o ke kūʻokoʻa." ʻO kēlā me kēia manaʻo ākea o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke ʻano he mea pale i ʻAmelika Latin he pōkole loa. Wahi a kahi mea kākau moʻolelo o Bolívar, "Ua loaʻa ka manaʻo o ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema ʻo kēia repubalika hānau mua, ʻo ia ka mea i kōkua i nā ʻōpio, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hoʻāʻo wale nei e hoʻoikaika i ka hakakā a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pilikia i hiki ai komo i ka manawa kūpono."
ʻO ka mea e hōʻeha iaʻu i ka nānā ʻana i nā makahiki mua o ka Monroe Doctrine, a ma hope loa, ʻo ia ka nui o nā manawa a nā aupuni ma Latin America i noi ai i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e kākoʻo i ka Monroe Doctrine a komo, a hōʻole ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ka wā i hoʻoholo ai ke aupuni US e hana i ka Monroe Doctrine ma waho o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, aia nō ma waho o ka Hemisphere Komohana. I ka makahiki 1842, ua ao aku ke Kakauolelo o ka Mokuaina Daniel Webster ia Beretania a me Palani mai Hawaii aku. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i kākoʻo ʻia ka Monroe Doctrine e ka pale ʻana i nā lāhui ʻAmelika Latina, akā e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e sabotage iā lākou.
Ua kūkākūkā mua ʻia ka Monroe Doctrine ma lalo o ia inoa ma ke ʻano he hōʻoia no ke kaua US ma Mekiko i neʻe ai i ka palena komohana o ʻAmelika i ka hema, a ʻai i nā mokuʻāina o Kaleponi, Nevada, a me Utah i kēia manawa, ka hapa nui o New Mexico, Arizona a me Colorado, a ʻāpana o Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, a me Wyoming. ʻAʻole loa i hiki i ka hema e like me ka makemake o kekahi e hoʻoneʻe i ka palena.
Ua ulu aʻe ke kaua pōʻino ma ka Philippines mai kahi kaua Monroe-Doctrine i hoʻāpono ʻia e kūʻē iā Sepania (a me Cuba a me Puerto Rico) ma ka Caribbean. A ʻo ka imperialism honua kahi hoʻonui maʻalahi o ka Monroe Doctrine.
Akā, e pili ana i ʻAmelika Latina ke ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia nei ka Monroe Doctrine i kēia lā, a ʻo ka Monroe Doctrine ke kikowaena o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ʻAmelika i kona mau hoalauna hema no 200 mau makahiki. I loko o kēia mau keneturi, ua kūʻē nā hui a me nā poʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe naʻauao ʻAmelika Latin, i ka manaʻo ʻana o ka Monroe Doctrine i ka imperialism a ua ʻimi ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka Monroe Doctrine e unuhi ʻia e like me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka isolationism a me ka multilateralism. Ua liʻiliʻi ka kūleʻa o nā ala ʻelua. Ua emi a kahe ka hana a US akā ʻaʻole i pau.
ʻO ke kaulana o ka Monroe Doctrine ma ke ʻano he kumu kuhikuhi i ka haʻiʻōlelo US, i piʻi i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ke kenekulia 19, me ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i ke kūlana o ka Hōʻike Kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole Kumukānāwai, ʻo ia paha ka mahalo no ka maopopo ʻole a me ka pale ʻana. o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke aupuni US i kekahi mea, ʻoiai ke kani ʻana i ka macho. I ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā manawa like ʻole i kā lākou "corollaries" a me ka wehewehe ʻana, hiki i nā mea hoʻopuka ke pale aku i kā lākou manaʻo i makemake ʻia e kūʻē i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻo ke kumumanaʻo nui, ma mua a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o Theodore Roosevelt, he imperialism kūʻokoʻa mau.
Nui nā filibustering fiasco ma Cuba ma mua o ka Bay of Pigs SNAFU. Akā, i ka hiki ʻana mai i ka holo ʻana o nā gringos haʻaheo, ʻaʻole e piha ka moʻolelo me ka ʻole o ka moʻolelo ʻano kūʻokoʻa akā hōʻike ʻia ʻo William Walker, he filibusterer nāna i hoʻolilo iā ia iho i pelekikena no Nicaragua, e lawe ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i lawe ʻia e ka poʻe mua e like me Daniel Boone i ke komohana. . ʻAʻole huna ʻo Walker i ka mōʻaukala CIA. ʻAʻole i noho ka CIA. I ka makahiki 1850, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana o Walker ma nā nūpepa ʻAmelika ma mua o nā pelekikena o ʻAmelika. Ma nā lā like ʻole ʻehā, ʻo ka New York Times ua hāʻawi i kāna ʻaoʻao mua holoʻokoʻa i kāna mau hana. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā poʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kona inoa a ʻaʻohe mea ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i koho ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻAʻohe kanaka i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i manaʻo ʻo wai ʻo William Walker ʻaʻole like ia me ka ʻike ʻole o kekahi ma United States i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ma Ukraine ma 2014. ʻAʻole hoʻi e like me 20 mau makahiki mai kēia manawa ʻaʻole i ʻike ka poʻe āpau he hoʻopunipuni ʻo Russiagate. . E hoʻohālikelike au iā ia i nā makahiki 20 mai kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike aia he kaua 2003 ma Iraq a George W. Bush i haʻi aku ai i nā wahaheʻe. He nūhou nui ʻo Walker i holoi ʻia.
Ua loaʻa iā Walker ke kauoha a kekahi pūʻali koa ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i manaʻo ʻia e kōkua ana i kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao kaua ʻelua ma Nicaragua, akā ke hana maoli nei i ka mea a Walker i koho ai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hopu ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Granada, me ka mālama pono ʻana i ka ʻāina, a ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana i kahi koho phony nona iho. . Ua hana ʻo Walker i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻāina i gringos, hoʻokumu i ka hoʻokauwā, a hoʻolilo i ka ʻōlelo Pelekane i ʻōlelo kūhelu. Ua kākau nā nūpepa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika e pili ana iā Nicaragua ma ke ʻano he mokuʻāina ʻAmelika e hiki mai ana. Akā, ua hoʻokō ʻo Walker i ʻenemi no Cornelius Vanderbilt, a hoʻohui iā ʻAmelika Waena e like me ka wā ma mua, ma waena o nā māhele politika a me nā palena aupuni, e kūʻē iā ia. ʻO ke aupuni US wale nō ka mea i ʻōlelo i ka "neutrality." Ua lanakila, ua hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo Walker i ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano he koa lanakila. Ua hoʻāʻo hou ʻo ia ma Honduras i ka makahiki 1860 a hoʻopau ʻia e ka poʻe Pelekania, huli aʻe i Honduras, a pana ʻia e ka pūʻali kipi. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia kāna mau koa i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa kahi i hui nui ai lākou i ka pūʻali koa Confederate.
Ua haʻi ʻo Walker i ka ʻeuanelio o ke kaua. "He poʻe hoʻokele kaʻa wale nō lākou," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, "e ʻōlelo nei i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilina paʻa ma waena o ka lāhui ʻAmelika keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, e like me ia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me ka lāhui Hispano-Indian hui pū ʻia, e like me ia ma Mexico a me Central America. me ka hoohana ole i ka ikaika. Ua mahalo ʻia ka hihiʻo a Walker e nā media US, ʻaʻole e haʻi i kahi hōʻike Broadway.
ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia nā haumāna US i ka nui o ka imperialism US i ka Hema a hiki i ka makahiki 1860 e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻoluhi ʻana, a i ʻole ka nui o ka mea i keakea ʻia e ka racism US i makemake ʻole i ka poʻe ʻaʻole "keʻokeʻo," ʻaʻole ʻōlelo Pelekania e hui pū me United Mokuʻāina.
Ua kākau ʻo José Martí i loko o kahi nūpepa Buenos Aires e hōʻino ana i ka Monroe Doctrine ma ke ʻano he hoʻokamani a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka United States no ke kāhea ʻana i ke "kūʻokoʻa . . . no ka hoʻonele ʻana i nā lāhui ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai he mea nui ʻaʻole e manaʻoʻiʻo ua hoʻomaka ka US imperialism i ka makahiki 1898, pehea i loli ai ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1898 a me nā makahiki ma hope. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kino wai ma waena o ka ʻāina nui a me kona mau kolone a me nā waiwai. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻole ʻia he "keʻokeʻo" e noho ana ma lalo o nā hae US. A ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai e mahalo i ke koena o ka hemisphere ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka inoa ʻo "ʻAmelika" e pili ai i nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi. A hiki i kēia manawa, kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a i ʻole ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I kēia manawa ua lilo ʻo ʻAmelika. No laila, inā i manaʻo ʻoe aia kāu ʻāina liʻiliʻi ma ʻAmelika, pono ʻoe e makaʻala!
Me ka wehe ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua liʻiliʻi nā kaua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America. ʻO ka manaʻo moʻokalaleo e pale aku ka pūʻali koa nui i nā kaua, ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā lākou, e nānā pinepine iā Theodore Roosevelt e ʻōlelo ana e ʻōlelo mālie ʻo ʻAmelika akā e lawe i kahi lāʻau nui - kahi mea a ka Hope Pelekikena Roosevelt i ʻōlelo ai he ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻApelika ma kahi haʻiʻōlelo ma 1901 , ʻehā lā ma mua o ka make ʻana o Pelekikena William McKinley, a lilo ʻo Roosevelt i pelekikena.
ʻOiai he meaʻoluʻolu paha ke noʻonoʻo iā Roosevelt e pale ana i nā kaua ma ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana me kāna lāʻau, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa US ma mua o ka hōʻike wale ʻana ma Panama ma 1901, Kolombia i 1902, Honduras i 1903, ka Dominican Republic ma 1903, Suria. i 1903, Abyssinia i 1903, Panama i 1903, ka Dominican Republic i 1904, Morocco i 1904, Panama i 1904, Korea i 1904, Cuba i 1906, Honduras i 1907, a me ka Philippines i loko o kona pelekikena.
Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia nā 1920s a me 1930s i ka mōʻaukala o ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano he manawa maluhia, a i ʻole he manawa ʻoluʻolu loa e hoʻomanaʻo. Akā ʻo ke aupuni US a me nā hui ʻAmelika e ʻai ana iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua loaʻa iā United Fruit a me nā hui ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī, ko lākou mau alahao ponoʻī, kā lākou leka uila a me nā lawelawe kelepona a me ke kelepona, a me kā lākou poʻe kālai'āina ponoʻī. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Eduardo Galeano: "Ma Honduras, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka miula ma mua o ka hope, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele US ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua o nā pelekikena." Ua hana ka United Fruit Company i kona mau awa ponoi, kona mau dute, a me kona mau makai ponoi. Ua lilo ke kālā i kālā kūloko. I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka hahau ʻana ma Kolombia, ua pepehi nā mākaʻi i nā limahana maiʻa, e like me ka hana ʻana o nā pōā aupuni no nā hui US ma Kolombia no nā makahiki he nui e hiki mai ana.
I ka wā i noho pelekikena ai ʻo Hoover, inā ʻaʻole ma mua, ua hoʻomaopopo ke aupuni US i ka poʻe ma Latin America i hoʻomaopopo i nā huaʻōlelo "Monroe Doctrine" ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka Yankee imperialism. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Hoover ʻaʻole i ʻāpono ka Monroe Doctrine i nā hana kaua. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo Hoover a me Franklin Roosevelt i nā pūʻali koa US mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki i ko lākou noho ʻana ma ka Canal Zone. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo FDR e loaʻa iā ia kahi kulekele "nohona maikaʻi".
Ma ka makahiki 1950, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻo ʻAmelika he hoalauna maikaʻi, e like me ka luna o ka lawelawe palekana-kūʻē-komunism. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻokahuli aupuni ma Iran i ka makahiki 1953, ua huli ka US i ʻAmelika Latin. Ma ka ʻumi ʻumi o Pan-America Conference ma Caracas i ka makahiki 1954, kākoʻo ke Kākau'ōlelo o ka Mokuʻāina ʻo John Foster Dulles i ka Monroe Doctrine a ua ʻōlelo wahaheʻe ʻo Soviet communism he mea hoʻoweliweli iā Guatemala. Ua ukali ʻia he kipi. A ʻoi aku ka hoʻokahuli aupuni.
ʻO kekahi aʻoaʻo i hoʻonui nui ʻia e ka luna hoʻomalu ʻo Bill Clinton i ka makahiki 1990 ʻo ia ka "kūʻai kūʻokoʻa" - manuahi wale nō inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka pōʻino i ke kaiapuni, nā kuleana o nā limahana, a i ʻole ke kūʻokoʻa mai nā hui multinational nui. Ua makemake ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a makemake mau paha, i hoʻokahi kuʻikahi kālepa kūʻokoʻa nui no nā lāhui āpau ma ʻAmelika koe wale nō ʻo Cuba a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia no ka wehe ʻana. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa iā ia ma 1994 ʻo NAFTA, ka North American Free Trade Agreement, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, a me Mexico i kāna mau ʻōlelo. E hahai ʻia kēia ma 2004 e CAFTA-DR, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, a me Nicaragua, e ukali ʻia e nā ʻaelike ʻē aʻe. a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā ʻaelike, me ka TPP, Trans-Pacific Partnership no nā lāhui e pili ana i ka Pākīpika, me ʻAmelika Latina; a hiki i kēia manawa ua pio ka TPP ma muli o kona kaulana ʻole i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua noi ʻo George W. Bush i kahi Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika ma ka Summit of the Americas i 2005, a ʻike ʻo ia i lanakila ʻia e Venezuela, Argentina, a me Brazil.
Ua lawe mai ʻo NAFTA a me kāna mau keiki i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i nā hui nui, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hui US e neʻe ana i ka hana i Mexico a me Central America i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka uku haʻahaʻa, ka liʻiliʻi o nā kuleana wahi hana, a me nā kūlana kaiapuni nāwaliwali. Ua hana lākou i nā pilina pāʻoihana, akā ʻaʻole nā pilina pilikanaka a moʻomeheu paha.
Ma Honduras i kēia lā, mālama ʻia nā "ʻāpana o ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai" i kaulana ʻole ʻia e ka US akā e nā hui pū kekahi e hoʻopiʻi ana i ke aupuni Honduran ma lalo o CAFTA. ʻO ka hopena he ʻano hou o ka filibustering a i ʻole repubalika maiʻa, kahi e kau ai ka mana hope loa me nā mea waiwai, kākoʻo nui ke aupuni US i ka hao wale ʻana, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia - a i ʻole i ka wā e hōʻike ai lākou i ka palena US. ua hewa. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokō aʻoaʻo haʻalulu, hiki i nā hui e hoʻokele ana i nā "ʻāpana" o Honduras, ma waho o ke kānāwai Honduran, hiki ke hoʻokau i nā kānāwai kūpono i kā lākou waiwai ponoʻī - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā a hiki iā lākou ke uku maʻalahi i ka US noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo e hoʻolaha i nā manaʻo e like me ke aupuni democracy. no ka mea, he aha ka mea i kū'ē i ke aupuni demokala.
Me he mea lā e hōʻike ana ka mōʻaukala i kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻāpana iā Latin America i nā manawa i hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e like me kāna Kaua Kivila a me nā kaua ʻē aʻe. He manawa kēia i kēia manawa kahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia ai ke aupuni US e Ukraine a makemake ʻo ia e kūʻai i ka aila Venezuelan inā manaʻo ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻeha ai iā Rūsia. A he manawa ia o ka hoʻokō nui a me ka makemake ma Latin America.
Ua piʻi nui nā koho balota ʻAmelika Latin i ka mālama ʻana i ka mana US. Ma hope o ko Hugo Chavez "Bolivarian revolution," ua koho ʻia ʻo Néstor Carlos Kirchner ma Argentina i ka makahiki 2003, a ʻo Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ma Brazil i ka makahiki 2003. Ua lawe ʻo Pelekikena Evo Morales i ke kūʻokoʻa i ka mana ma Ianuali 2006. Ua lilo ʻo Correa i ka mana ma Ianuali 2007. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Correa inā makemake ʻo ʻAmelika e mālama hou i kahi kahua kaua ma ʻEkuador, a laila pono e ʻae ʻia ʻo ʻEkuador e mālama i kona kahua ponoʻī ma Miami, Florida. Ma Nicaragua, ʻo ke alakaʻi ʻo Sandinista ʻo Daniel Ortega, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻi hou i ka mana mai 2007 a hiki i kēia lā, ʻoiai ua hoʻololi ʻia kāna mau kulekele a ʻo kāna hana hoʻomāinoino i ka mana, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻopunipuni a ka US media. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) ma Mexico ma 2018. Ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ma Bolivia i 2019 (me ke kākoʻo US a me UK) a me ka hoʻopiʻi hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma Brazil, ua ʻike ʻo 2022 i ka papa inoa o ka "poi pink. ” Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā aupuni e komo pū me Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Colombia, a me Honduras - a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Cuba. No Kolombia, ua ʻike ʻo 2022 i kāna koho mua ʻana i kahi pelekikena hema hema. No Honduras, ua ʻike ʻo 2021 i ke koho ʻana ma ke ʻano he pelekikena o ka wahine mua ʻo Xiomara Castro de Zelaya i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka hoʻokahuli aupuni 2009 i kāna kāne a ʻo Manuel Zelaya i kēia manawa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua piha kēia mau ʻāina i nā ʻokoʻa, e like me ko lākou mau aupuni a me nā pelekikena. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he hemahema loa kēlā mau aupuni a me nā pelekikena, e like me nā aupuni āpau ma ka Honua inā e hoʻonui a hoʻopunipuni paha nā mea hoʻolaha US no ko lākou mau hemahema. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā koho balota ʻAmelika Latina (a me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo kipi) e hōʻike i kahi ʻano i ke ala o ʻAmelika Latin e hoʻopau ana i ka Monroe Doctrine, inā makemake ʻo ʻAmelika a ʻaʻole paha.
Ma 2013 Gallup i alakaʻi i nā koho balota ma Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, a me Peru, a ma kēlā me kēia hihia ua loaʻa iā ʻAmelika ka pane kiʻekiʻe loa i ka "ʻO wai ka ʻāina ka mea weliweli loa i ka maluhia ma ka honua?" Ma 2017, ua alakaʻi ʻo Pew i nā koho balota ma Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, a me Peru, a ʻike ʻia ma waena o 56% a me 85% e manaʻoʻiʻo nei he mea hoʻoweliweli ʻo ʻAmelika i ko lākou ʻāina. Inā ua hala a lokomaikaʻi paha ka Monroe Doctrine, no ke aha i lohe ʻole ai kekahi o ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ia mea?
Ma 2022, ma ka Summit of the Americas i hoʻokipa ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he 23 wale nō o 35 mau ʻāina i hoʻouna i nā ʻelele. Ua haʻalele ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻekolu mau lāhui, aʻo kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i boycotted, ʻo Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, a me Antigua a me Barbuda.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke ʻōlelo mau nei ke aupuni US ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻopaʻi a ʻimi paha e hoʻokahuli i nā aupuni no ka mea he dictatorship lākou, ʻaʻole no ka mea ke kūʻē nei lākou i nā pono US. Akā, e like me kaʻu i kākau ai ma kaʻu puke 2020 Kākoʻo ʻia ʻo 20 Dictators e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, o na aupuni hookaumaha loa 50 o ka honua ia manawa, ma ka hoomaopopo ana iho o ke aupuni o Amerika, ua kokua ikaika o Amerika Huipuia i ka 48 o lakou, e ae ana (a i ole e hookomo i na mea kaua) i ke kuai ana i na mea kaua i 41 o lakou, e haawi ana i ke ao ana i ka 44 o lakou, a hāʻawi kālā i nā pūʻali koa o 33 o lākou.
ʻAʻole pono ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i nā kahua kaua US, a pono lākou e pani ʻia i kēia manawa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika me ka ʻole o ka militarism US (a i ʻole ka militarism o kekahi) a pono e hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia mai ka maʻi. ʻAʻole kūʻai hou aku i nā mea kaua. ʻAʻohe makana mea kaua. ʻAʻohe hoʻomaʻamaʻa koa a i ʻole kālā. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua ʻana o US i nā mākaʻi ʻAmelika Latin a i ʻole nā kiaʻi hale paʻahao. ʻAʻole hoʻokuʻu hou aku i ka hema i ka papahana pōʻino o ka hoʻopaʻahao lehulehu. (He bila i loko o ka Ahaolelo e like me ka Berta Caceres Act e oki ana i ke kālā o ka US no ka pūʻali koa a me nā mākaʻi ma Honduras i ka wā e komo ai ka hope i nā hana hoʻomāinoino kanaka pono e hoʻonui ʻia i nā Latin America a me ke koena o ka honua. mau me ke kūlana ʻole, he kōkua kālā, ʻaʻole pūʻali koa.) ʻAʻole kaua hou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ma waho a ma ka home. ʻAʻole hoʻohana hou i ke kaua i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka inoa o ka militarism. ʻAʻole e nānā hou i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ke ola a i ʻole ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka mālama olakino e hana a mālama i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻohe ʻaelike kālepa e pili ana i ke kaiapuni a me ke kanaka. ʻAʻole hoʻolauleʻa hou i ka "ulu" waiwai no kona pono iho. ʻAʻohe hoʻokūkū hou me Kina a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, kālepa a i ʻole koa. ʻAʻohe aie hou. (Hoʻopau iā ia!) ʻAʻohe kōkua me nā kaula i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻAʻohe hoʻopaʻi hui hou ma o nā hoʻopaʻi. ʻAʻohe pā palena ʻē aʻe a i ʻole keakea naʻaupō i ka neʻe ʻana. ʻAʻohe kūlana makaʻāinana papa ʻelua. ʻAʻole hoʻololi hou i nā kumuwaiwai mai nā pilikia kaiapuni a me ke kanaka i nā mana hou o ka hana kahiko o ka naʻi aupuni. ʻAʻole pono ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ka colonialism US. Pono e ʻae ʻia ʻo Puerto Rico, a me nā panalāʻau a pau o ʻAmelika e koho i ke kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole ke kūlana mokuʻāina, a me kēlā me kēia koho, hoʻihoʻi.
Hiki i ke aupuni US ke hana i kahi hana nui i kēia ala ma o ka hoʻopau maʻalahi ʻana i kahi hana hoʻopunipuni liʻiliʻi: hoʻokamani. Makemake ʻoe e lilo i ʻāpana o kahi "kauoha e pili ana i nā lula"? A laila e hui pū me hoʻokahi! Aia kekahi ma waho e kali nei iā ʻoe, a ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ʻAmelika Latina.
ʻO nā kuʻikahi nui o nā pono kanaka he 18 o ka United Nations, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he 5. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka democratization o United Nations a paʻa maʻalahi i ka moʻolelo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka veto i ka Council Security i nā makahiki he 50 i hala.
ʻAʻole pono ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e "hoʻohuli i ka papa a alakaʻi i ka honua" e like me ka koi maʻamau e loaʻa iā ia ma ka hapa nui o nā kumuhana kahi e hana ʻino ai ʻo ʻAmelika. Pono ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, e hui pū me ka honua a hoʻāʻo e hopu me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika nāna i alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi honua maikaʻi aʻe. ʻElua mau ʻāina i hoʻomalu i ka lālā o ka International Criminal Court a hoʻoikaika nui e kākoʻo i ke kānāwai o ka honua: ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ma ka hema o Texas. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ke ala i ke komo ʻana i ka Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Ma kahi o Latin America a pau he ʻāpana o kahi ʻāpana manuahi nuklea, ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ma waho o Australia.
Hoʻohui a kākoʻo nā lāhui ʻAmelika Latina i nā kuʻikahi a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka Honua. ʻAʻohe o lākou mau mea kaua nuklea, kemika, a i ʻole nā mea kaua ola - ʻoiai he mau kahua kaua US. ʻO Brazil wale nō ka mea e lawe aku i nā mea kaua a he liʻiliʻi ka nui. Mai ka makahiki 2014 ma Havana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mokuʻāina ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 o ka Community of Latin American and Caribbean States e kahi Hōʻike o kahi Zone o ka Maluhia.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua hōʻole ʻo AMLO i kahi noi mai ka Pelekikena Trump i kēlā manawa no ke kaua hui kūʻē i nā mea kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, e noi ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaua:
"ʻO ka mea ʻino loa, ʻo ka mea ʻino loa a mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ia ke kaua. ʻO ka poʻe i heluhelu i ke kaua, a i ʻole ka poʻe i pilikia i ke kaua, ʻike lākou i ke ʻano o ke kaua. ʻO ke kaua ke kū'ē i ka politika. Ua ʻōlelo mau au ua hana ʻia ka politika e pale aku i ke kaua. Ua like ke kaua me ka irrationality. He mea noʻonoʻo ke kaua. No ka maluhia mākou. ʻO ka maluhia kahi kumu o kēia aupuni hou.
ʻAʻohe wahi o ka poʻe mana i loko o kēia aupuni aʻu e kū nei. Pono e kākau ʻia i nā manawa 100 e like me ka hoʻopaʻi: ua haʻi mākou i ke kaua a ʻaʻole i hana. ʻAʻole ia he koho. Ua hāʻule kēlā hoʻolālā. ʻAʻole mākou e lilo i ʻāpana o ia mea. . . . ʻAʻole naʻauao ka pepehi kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika. "
Hoʻokahi mea e ʻōlelo ai ʻoe kūʻē i ke kaua. He mea ʻē aʻe e kau ʻia i kahi kūlana e haʻi aku ai ka poʻe he nui iā ʻoe ʻo ke kaua wale nō ke koho a hoʻohana i kahi koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ke alakaʻi nei i ke ala i ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia papa naʻauao ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Aia ma kēia paheʻe he papa inoa o nā laʻana.
Hāʻawi ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i nā hiʻohiʻona hou e aʻo mai a hoʻomohala, e komo pū ana me nā hui ʻōiwi he nui e noho mau ana a me ka maluhia, me ka poʻe Zapatistas e hoʻohana nui ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻole i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hopena democratic a me ka socialist, a me ka hoʻohālike o Costa Rica e hoʻopau ana i kāna pūʻali koa, e kau ana i kēlā. pūʻali koa i loko o kahi hale hōʻikeʻike ma kahi o ia mea, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ia.
Hāʻawi pū ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i nā hiʻohiʻona no kahi mea i makemake nui ʻia no ka Monroe Doctrine: he komisina ʻoiaʻiʻo a hoʻolauleʻa.
ʻO nā lāhui ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ka hui pū ʻana o Kolombia me NATO (ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia e kona aupuni hou), ʻaʻole i makemake nui e hui pū i kahi kaua i kākoʻo ʻia e US a me NATO ma waena o Ukraine a me Rusia, a i ʻole e hoʻohewa a hoʻopaʻa kālā paha i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ka hana i mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ia ka hoʻopau ʻana i kāna Monroe Doctrine, a e hoʻopau iā ia ʻaʻole ma Latin America wale nō akā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a ʻaʻole e hoʻopau wale ia akā e hoʻololi iā ia me nā hana maikaʻi o ka hui ʻana i ka honua ma ke ʻano he lālā mālama kānāwai. ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kānāwai o ke kānāwai honua, a me ka hui pū ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu kaua nuklea, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka home ʻole, a me ka ʻilihune. ʻAʻole loa he kānāwai ka Monroe Doctrine, a ua pāpā nā kānāwai i kēia manawa. ʻAʻohe mea e hoʻopau a hoʻoholo ʻia. ʻO ka mea e pono ai, ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano o ka hana kūpono a ka poʻe kālai'āina ʻAmelika e hoʻohālikelike nei ua komo lākou.
