Hōʻike kahi paheʻe Navy i 7,950 NG / G o PFOS i ka lepo o lalo. ʻO kēlā nā ʻāpana 7,950,000 i kēlā me kēia triona ʻAʻole pane hou ka Navy inā ʻo kēia nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa ma nā wahi Naval a puni ka honua.
by ʻO Pat Elder, Lāʻau make koa, Mei 18, 2021
Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Mark Mank, he waha ʻōlelo no ka ʻOihana o ke Kaiāulu ʻo Maryland (MDE) i ka "haumia nui" i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pūʻali koa PFAS ma ka Naval Research Lab - Chesapeake Bay Detachment ma Chesapeake Beach, Maryland i ka manawa o ka hui RAB a ka Navy ma Mei 18, 2021.
Ua pane ʻo Mank i kahi nīnau e nīnau ana inā aia ma kahi o ka honua me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā ʻāpana 7,950,000 i kēlā me kēia trillion (ppt) o PFOS i loaʻa i ka lepo ma Chesapeake Beach. ʻAʻole i hōʻike kikoʻī ʻo Mank i ka nīnau akā ua pane ʻia e ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā pae ma Chesapeake Beach ua "hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻia." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he mau kumu ko ka poʻe kamaʻāina e hopohopo ai. "E hoʻomau mākou i ka paʻi ʻana i ka Navy. Noho mālie, e ukali hou aʻe, "i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
ʻO ka PFAS kēlā me-a me nā poli fluoroalkyl. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i loko o nā hua ahi e hakakā ana i ke ahi i nā hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa ahi ma ke kahua a ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ia wahi mai 1968, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Ua hoʻohaumia nui nā kemika i ka lepo, ka wai o ka honua, a me ka wai o luna o ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili ka PFAS i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa i nā fetal abnormalities, nā maʻi o ka wā kamaliʻi, a me nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā pae ma 3 wale nō o nā kemika 18 i hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka Navy. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā labs pilikino no 36 mau ʻano o nā mea ʻino. Nui nā mea a mākou ʻike ʻole.
ʻO ka ʻae ʻia e ka mokuʻāina ke kani hoʻohalahala nei, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūlike ka haʻiʻōlelo i kā MDE moʻolelo abysmal. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka MDE a me ke Keʻena ʻOihana Ola ʻo Maryland ka mea hauʻoli nui o ka Navy ma ka hōʻole ʻana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino lehulehu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Navy a hana hewa ʻole a hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kemika ma kāna mau kumu i ka mokuʻāina. Ke aniani nei nā hoʻomohala ma Maryland i ke ʻano o ka pāʻani ʻana o kēia pilikia ma nā mokuʻāina a puni ka ʻāina kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka hopohopo lehulehu i alakaʻi ai i nā keʻena mokuʻāina e kuhikuhi i ka huhū lehulehu i ka DOD.
Kuhi ka Navy i ke kulekele pili kaiapuni ma Maryland.
I ke kakahiaka nui o ka hālāwai, ua hōʻike ʻo Ryan Mayer, ka luna ʻōlelo o ka Navy me ka Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) ma Wakinekona, i ka pāheʻe pōkole. i ʻike ʻia nā pae PFAS i ka lepo, wai wai, a me ka wai o luna. Ua kiʻo ʻo ia helu o nā hoʻopili PFAS ma lalo o ka honua ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka helu, ʻaʻole naʻe ka noʻonoʻo. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā paheʻe wai ma mua ma nā ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia triona no laila maʻalahi ka huikau o ka lehulehu.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua loaʻa ka lepo ma lalo o ka honua "ma 7,950," ʻoiai ua hoʻowahāwahā ʻo ia i ka haʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka lepo i nā ʻāpana o ka biliona, ma mua o nā ʻāpana o ka triona. ʻAʻole maopopo ka lehulehu he 7,950,000 mau ʻāpana ʻo ia no trillion no PFOS - hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o PFAS ma ka papa lalo. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo Mayer i ka ppb a i ʻole ka ppt a hiki iā David Harris, ka mea nona kahi mahiʻai 72 ʻeka i haumia ma ka hema o ke kahua, ua noi nui ʻia i ka lumi kūkā kamaʻilio no ka wehewehe ʻana.
ʻO kēia mau mea haumia e like me ka huahu maʻi ʻaʻai nui ma lalo o ka honua e holoi mau i ka haumia i ka lepo, ka wai o ka honua, a me ka wai o luna. Loaʻa paha iā Chesapeake Beach ka ʻōpelu maʻi maʻi nui loa i ka honua. Hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻomake ʻana i nā kānaka no hoʻokahi tausani makahiki.
Pono ka Navy e paʻi i nā hoʻokolohua a pau āna i hana ai ma aneʻi, ma waho a ma waho hoʻi o ka hale, o nā kemika make āpau a me kā lākou noʻonoʻo. I kēia manawa ua hoʻokuʻu ka Navy i nā hopena o nā ʻano 3 o PFAS: PFOS, PFOA a me PFBS. 36 ʻano o PFAS hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana hoʻokolohua a ka EPA.
Akā ʻo Mayer, ka mālama ʻana i ka puke pāʻani aupuni a ka Navy, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e hōʻike ka Navy i nā mea ʻona kikoʻī i ke kaiapuni no ka mea ʻo "nā kemika ka ʻike ponoʻī o ka mea hana." No laila, ʻaʻole ʻo ka Navy wale nō ka mea e kuhikuhi ana i nā kulekele pili kaiapuni i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Maryland. ʻO nā ʻoihana kemika e hana i nā hua hua kekahi.
Hoʻohana ka Navy i kā Chemguard 3% hua i ka hapa nui o kāna hoʻonohonoho ʻana, e like me ka ʻO Jacksonville NAS ka mea i haumia nui pū kekahi. ʻO ka Pepa ʻIkepili Palekana Mea Pono, i loko o ka hōʻike a ka Navy e pili ana i ka haumia ma laila i ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i loko o ka hua o nā “surfacants hidrokarbonona ponoʻī” a me nā “fluorosurfacants ponoʻī.”
Ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia nei ʻo Chemguard Hawaii, ʻO Florida, New York, a New Hampshire, e inoa i nā mea mua ʻehā i kū i ka ʻimi google.
He aha kā mākou e ʻike ai ma Maryland Hema?
Ua ʻike mākou ua hoʻolei ka Navy i nā nui he nui o PFAS ma Webster Field ma St. Mary's County a hiki iā mākou ke ʻike kikoʻī i nā kemika 14 mai kēlā mau hoʻokuʻu.
(Ua hōʻike ʻo Webster Field i kēia manawa 87,000 ppt o PFAS i ka wai lepo i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 241,000 ppt ma Chesapeake Beach.)
Ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻano PFAS ma ke kahawai kokoke i ke kahakai o ka hoʻohui ʻāina ʻo Webster Field o ka muliwai ʻo Patuxent NAS.
PFOA PFOS PFBS
PFHxA PFHpA PFHxS
PFNA PFDA PFUnA
N-MeFOSAA N-EtFOSAA FFDoA
PFTrDA
Hoʻoweliweli paha lākou āpau i ke olakino kanaka.
a hiki aku i ka nā hualoaʻa ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i Pepeluali, 2020, i haʻi ʻia e kahi haʻi waha no MDE inā aia ʻo PFAS i ke kahawai hiki mai ia mai kahi hale ahi kahi ʻelima mile ka mamao aku, a ʻo ka landfill ʻumikūmākahi mile ka mamao, ma mua o ke kahua e pili ana. Ua kanalua ka luna hoʻomalu o ka mokuʻāina i nā hopena a ua ʻōlelo ʻo MDE ua hoʻomaka mua i ka hana o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka haumia.
ʻO kēlā hana i hōʻino ʻia. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kaʻu wai a me kaʻu iʻa e nā ʻepekema kaulana loa e hoʻohana ana i ka hae gula o ka EPA a ua pipiʻi ka mea āpau, akā he mau pule wale nō i hala.
Pilikia paha nā kemika PFAS iā mākou a me kā mākou hānau ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole. Paʻa paʻakikī. Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau hui ke hoʻopili i ke kaumaha o ka hānau hou, a me ke olakino hānau. Hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopili i ke olakino respiratory and cardiovascular. Loaʻa ka hopena o kekahi i ke olakino gastrointestinal a pili kekahi i nā pilikia renal a me ka hematological. Hiki paha i kekahi ke hoʻopili i ke olakino ocular, ʻo kekahi, olakino dermal.
Nui ka hopena i ka ʻōnaehana endocrine o ke kino. ʻO kekahi, e like me PFBA, i loaʻa i loko o nā pāpaʻi ʻo Maryland, pili i nā poʻe e make wikiwiki aʻe mai COVID. Neʻe kekahi i ka wai ʻoiai ʻaʻole kekahi. Noho kekahi (ʻoi aku paha ʻo PFOA) i ka lepo a hoʻohaumia i nā meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai. Hoʻopili paha kekahi i ka fetus ke ulu nei i nā pae liʻiliʻi, ʻo kekahi ʻaʻole paha.
Aia he 8,000 mau ʻano o kēia poʻe pepehi kanaka a aia kekahi kaua e ʻūlū nei i ka ʻahaʻōlelo me kahi hui liʻiliʻi e kāhea ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā PFAS āpau ma ke ʻano he papa, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ka ʻAhaʻāina e makemake e hoʻokele i kēlā me kēia manawa, e ʻae ana i kā lākou poʻe kākoʻo ʻoihana e hele me PFAS. nā mea pani i kā lākou hua nui a me nā huahana. (Inā ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻoponopono i kā mākou ʻōnaehana o ke kākoʻo pekelala hoʻolaha kālā, ʻaʻole mākou e kūleʻa i ka heʻe ʻana i nā mea ma Chesapeake Beach a i ʻole nā wahi ʻē aʻe.)
ʻAʻole makemake ka Navy i nā ʻohana e hoʻopiʻi iā lākou a i ʻole kā lākou mau pals ʻoihana ma o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka ʻaha i loaʻa kekahi ʻano PFAS i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ke koko o kahi mea aloha ke make lākou i kahi maʻi. Ke loli nei ka ʻepekema a hiki i kahi e ʻike ʻia ai kekahi mau pae o nā ʻano kikoʻī o PFAS i loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi e hiki ke huli ʻia i ka PFAS i hele mai mai ka hoʻohaunaele o ka Navy i ke kaiapuni.
Pono e hoʻokuʻu koke ka Navy i nā hoʻokolohua a lākou i mālama ai ma Chesapeake Beach, a me nā wahi o ka honua, mai San Diego a Okinawa, a mai Diego Garcia a i Rota Naval Station, Sepania.
Kūkākūkā Aquifer
ʻOiai ke kūkākūkā nei i nā wahi luawai hohonu e nānā pono ai, ua hōʻike ʻia ka slide me ka heluhelu ʻana o 17.9 ppt o PFOS a me 10 ppt o PFOA ma ke kumu i ʻohiʻohi ʻia 200 '- 300' ma lalo o ka ʻili. ʻO kēia ka pae kahi e noho ai nā poʻe e pili kokoke ana i ka waihona e huki ai i kā lākou wai. ʻO nā pae ma luna o ke kumu i ʻoi aku i nā palena o ka wai o ka honua no PFAS i kekahi mau mokuʻāina.
Akā ʻo ka mea nui aʻe, hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau ka Navy a me ka MDE i nā luawai kūloko "manaʻo ʻia e loiloi ʻia i ka Piney Point Aquifer," a aia kēia ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana hoʻopaʻa, "i manaʻo ʻia he hoʻomau mau a paʻa loa."
ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole ia!
Pono mākou e koi i nā pane mai ka Navy. Ma hea ʻoe i hoʻāʻo ai? He aha kāu i loaʻa ai? Pono mākou e koi i ka DOD e akāka a hoʻomaka i ka hana ma ke ʻano he kūlana hanohano i kahi kaiāulu demokalaka.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo David Harris he hakakā ia e hoʻāʻo i ka Navy no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kāna wai no ka mea "ʻōlelo ʻolua ua hele wale ka maʻi i ka ʻākau." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Harris ua loaʻa ʻo PFAS i kāna luawai. Ua pane ʻo Mayer i ka waiwai ʻo Harris "ʻaʻole ia ma kahi o ka laʻana."
ʻO ka waiwai o Harris he 2,500 kapuwai hema o ke kahua, ʻoiai ʻo PFAS i manaʻo ʻia ua huakaʻi 22 mile i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai mai kā lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka Naval Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove a me ka Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster ma Pennsylvania. ʻAʻole paha e hele ʻo PFAS ma kahi mamao loa ma kahakai ʻo Chesapeake me nā wai o luna e kahe ana i ke kai kūʻono, akā 2,500 mau kapuaʻi kokoke.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea nona ka hailona kokoke i ka waihona ma kahi o kahi laʻana. Ua kamaʻilio wau i ka poʻe e noho ana ma Karen Drive ma waho o Dalrymple Rd., 1,200 wale nō kapuaʻi mai ka lua ahi ma ke kumu a ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike iki e pili ana i ka PFAS a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo maikaʻi. ʻO ia ka hana a ka Navy. Makemake wale lākou e hele, akā ʻaʻole ia e hele i Chesapeake Beach no ka mea he nui nā kaona i maopopo iā ia. Hiki iā Chesapeake Beach ke PFAS Waterloo o ka Navy? E lana ka manaʻo.
Ua pane ʻo Peggy Williams o MDE i nā nīnau ʻelua mai ka NRL-CBD RAB eʻauʻau kai Room. "ʻLelo ʻoe ua loaʻa ʻekolu mau luawai me PFAS. (1) Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻaʻole hiki i ka PFAS ke kiʻi i ka aquifer lalo? (2) ʻAʻole paha MDE e ʻōlelo i ka uhi ʻana o ka palolo? Wahi a Williams ʻaʻole hiki iā PFAS ke heʻe i loko o ka wai lalo, ʻoiai ʻo ka Navy i hōʻike i ʻekolu mau luawai ma waho o ka waihona me PFAS. Ua hōʻike ʻo David Harris i nā pae kiʻekiʻe, a ua hōʻike pū ka Navy i nā pae i ka wai lalo haʻahaʻa.
Ua pane ʻo Mayer i ka nīnau e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o PFAS ma waena o nā aquifers. "Ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau ʻike a aia lākou ma lalo o ka LHA," ʻo kāna pane ia. Ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo Mayer i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ola ola a ka EPA no ʻelua wale nō ʻano o nā kemika: PFOS a me PFOA. Wahi a ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pekelala kūʻē ʻole ʻaʻole pono nā kānaka e inu wai i piha ka 70 ppt o ka huina o nā hui ʻelua i kēlā me kēia lā. OK ia me ka EPA inā inu ʻoe i ka wai i piha i hoʻokahi miliona mau hapa o ka PFHxS, PFHpA, a me PFNA, ʻekolu mau kemika pilikia i hoʻoponopono ʻia ma lalo o 20 ppt.
Ke aʻo nei nā mea kākoʻo olakino lehulehu ʻaʻole pono mākou e ʻai ma mua o 1 ppt o kēia mau kemika i ka wai inu i kēlā me kēia lā.
Ua kuhikuhi ke kanaka o ka Navy i kahi paheʻe i hāʻawi i ka hōʻuluʻulu o nā ninaninau i mālama ʻia i ke kaiāulu i ke kauwela o 2019. Ua nīnauele ka Navy he ʻeiwa mau kānaka a ʻo ka ʻae kūkā e pale aku i ke kai kūʻono a haʻi i nā luawai papakū. Me he mea lā, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo e pili ana i nā luawai hohonu a kokoke i nā poʻe āpau e noho kokoke ana i ka waihona. ʻAʻohe mea e hopohopo e pili ana i ke ola wai ʻona. ʻO kēia paha nā ala ʻelua e hōʻike ʻia ai ka poʻe i kēia mau kemika. ʻOiaʻiʻo, maopopo ka Navy i kēia mau mea āpau.
Aia kekahi mau kānaka maikaʻi i ka Navy a me nā mea hana ʻenehana ʻenehana moana i hoʻomaopopo pū i kēia a hopohopo nui. Aia ka manaolana.
ʻAʻole ʻo PFAS wale nō ka pilikia haumia ma Chesapeake Beach. Ua hoʻohana ka Navy i ka uranium, pau ka uranium (DU), a me ke keʻena nui a alakaʻi ʻia i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki DU hopena haʻawina i ka Hale 218C a me ka Hale 227. He papa loihi kā ka Navy o ka mālama ʻana i nā moʻolelo shoddy a ua heleleʻi i loko a i waho o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke Kōmike Hoʻokele Nuclear. He paʻakikī ke lawe mai i nā moʻolelo o kēia manawa. Loaʻa nā Contaminants i ka wai honua i ka Antimony, Lead, Copper, Arsenic, Zinc, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, a me 2,6-Dinitrotoluene.
Wahi a ka Navy, ʻaʻole hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo PFAS i ke kaiapuni ma Chesapeake Beach.
Nīnau ʻia ʻo Mayer inā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ana ʻo PFAS i ke kaiapuni i kēia lā a pane ʻo ia, "ʻAʻole." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā pūnaewele Navy ʻē aʻe no ka mea aia lākou i mua i mua i ke kaʻina. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mayer ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā hua PFAS ma ke kumu ua "hoʻouna ʻia aku lākou mai kahi pūnaewele aku no ka hoʻolilo kūpono."
Pehea e hana pololei ai, e Mr. Mayer? ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala kahi ʻepekema o kēia ao i kahi ala e hoʻopau ai iā PFAS. Inā kanu ia e ka Navy i loko o ka landfill a i ʻole insinerates i nā kemika, e make lākou i ka poʻe i ka hopena. ʻAneʻane mau loa nā mea e haki a ʻaʻole wela. ʻO ka Incineration e pīpī wale i nā mea make ma luna o nā lau nahele a me nā mahiʻai. Ke kahe nei nā mea make i waho o ke kumu a hoʻomau ia e hana i ka manawa pau ʻole.
ʻO ka Hana Kākoʻo Navy - Bethesda, ka Naval Academy, ka India Head Surface Warfare Center, a me Pax River i nā mea āpau i hoʻouna ʻia i PFAS e hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka Kanu Norlite ma Cohoes New York. Ua hōʻole nā luna o ka Navy i ka wā o ka Pax River RAB i ka mahina i hala aku nei e hōʻole i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea i hoʻopōʻino ʻia e PFAS.
ʻAʻohe moʻolelo o ka Navy e hoʻouna nei i nā toxins PFAS e kuni ʻia mai Chesapeake Beach.
ʻO ka mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau a ka Navy ma ke kumu kahakai ʻo Chesapeake e hoʻopuka ana ma kahi o 10 mau tona wai makahiki / makahiki o ka lepo i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i nā moena lewa ākea ākea. Hoʻouna ʻia nā mea i ka Solomon Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge e loaʻa ana i ke keʻena. Mai laila mai, kanu ʻia ke sludge ma Appeal Landfill ma Calvert County.
Pono ka mokuʻāina e hoʻāʻo i nā luawai ma ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka leachate make.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaona o Chesapeake kahawai i mālama ʻia i loko o ke kahawai ʻo Chesapeake ma o kahi paipu 30-ʻiniha e hiki aku ana i loko o ke kai kūʻono a kahi kikoʻī ma kahi o 200 kapuaʻi mai ke kai mai. Hoʻokumu a hoʻokuʻu i nā pono wai hoʻowahāwahā āpau a hoʻokuʻu i nā toxins PFAS. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia ka wai.
Komo ʻo PFAS i nā wahi wai hoʻoluʻu mai ke kālepa, nā pūʻali koa, nā ʻoihana, nā ʻōpala, a me nā kumuwaiwai noho ʻAʻole i wehe ʻia mai ka effluent, ʻoiai e hoʻoneʻe wale nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai holoʻokoʻa i ka PFAS i loko o ka sludge a i ʻole ka wai holoi.
Ke loaʻa nei i ka Bay kahi pālua pālua o ka PFAS hoʻohaumia ma Chesapeake Beach. ʻOiai ke koena o ke kaona i lawe ʻia i King George Landfill i Virginia, hoʻouna ʻia ka lepo mai ka muliwai ʻo Patuxent NAS i nā mahiʻai like ʻole ma Kalvert County. Pono mākou e ʻike i nā inoa o kēlā mau mahiʻai. Pono e laʻana i kā lākou lepo a me nā huahana mahiʻai. ʻAʻole hana ka Navy, ka MDE, a me ka MDH ia manawa koke. E akahele i ka mea āu e ʻai ai ma Calvert County, Maryland.
ʻO kā Chesapeake Beach Councilman Larry Jaworski i haʻi ua maopopo iā ia ua kū nā hoʻokuʻu mai ke kumu a ua paipai ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe. He maikaʻi ke hoʻolohe i ke kāhea no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hilinaʻi i ka hui Hogan / Grumbles e hana pono, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka fiasco o ke aʻo pailaka pailaka i kā St. Mary makahiki i hala. Ua lohe paha ʻo Mr. Jaworski i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o PFAS mai ke kumu i kū, akā hōʻike ka moʻolelo i kahi ʻē aʻe. Me 8 miliona mau ʻāpana no ka triliona o ka hapanui o ka PFOS i ka lepo o lalo, hiki i ka poʻe e noho ana ma kēia kahakai ke hana pū me kēia mau lāʻau make no hoʻokahi tausani makahiki.
Iʻa / 'Ohiʻa / Pāpaʻi
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mayer ua aʻo ʻia ka MDE i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻōlapa pailaka no ka muliwai o St. Ua hoʻohana ka mokuʻāina i kahi hana hoʻāʻo i ʻohi wale i nā pae ma luna o nā ʻāpana no ka piliona a ua koho wale ʻia i kekahi mau kemika e hōʻike. Ua hoʻohana pū lākou i kahi ʻoihana hoʻohaʻahaʻa. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua kūʻokoʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka hana maʻamau gula o ka EPA i hōʻike iā PFAS i nā ʻōlio i loaʻa 2,070 ppt, ʻaʻole kūpono no ka ʻai kanaka.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAmelika, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā lāhui, aia iā mākou āpau ke hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka PFAS e komo i loko o kā mākou kino. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa i hopu ʻia mai nā wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia a me ka inu ʻana i ka wai luawai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻole ʻia nā ala mua e hoʻopau ai mākou i nā toxins
Ua hoʻokuʻu ka Navy i ka ʻikepili e hōʻike ana i ka 5,464 ppt i ka wai o luna e waiho ana i ke kumu. (PFOS - 4,960 ppt., PFOA - 453 ppt., PFBS - 51 ppt.). ʻO kahi iʻa i hopu ʻia ma kahi o Loring AFB i loaʻa ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau ʻāpana pillion o PFAS i loaʻa mai ka wai me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā pae e ninini ʻia ana mai ka waihona ma Chesapeake Beach.
Wahi a ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wisconsin e hoʻoweliweli ʻia ke olakino lehulehu ke PFAS ma luna o 2 ppt i ka wai kai ma muli o ke kaʻina hana o ka bioaccumulation.
ʻO nā pae PFAS astronomical ma ka wai kai o Chesapeake kahiki paha e manaʻo ʻia e bioactumulate i ka iʻa e kekahi mau kauoha o ka nui, ʻoiai ʻo PFOS ka mea pilikia loa ma kēia ʻano. ʻO kekahi mau iʻa kokoke i nā lua puhi o nā kahua koa i loaʻa he 10 miliona mau ʻāpana pākahi triona o nā mea ʻino.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mark Mank ua ʻike ka MDE i ka bioaccumulation. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he paʻakikī nā pilikia hana e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iʻa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, "Minamina kēia no kēia kaiāulu me ka hoʻohaumia nui." Ua hoʻokuʻu ka mokuʻāina ʻo Michigan i nā hopena hōʻike PFAS no ka iʻa 2,841 a ʻo ka iʻa awelika piha he 93,000 ppt o PFOS wale nō, ʻoiai ka mokuʻāina i kaupalena ʻia PFOS i ka wai inu i 16 ppt.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jenny Herman me ka MDE ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i ke aʻo ʻana iʻa nui ma Chesapeake Beach. He mea hoʻohenehene ia, no ka mea, ʻo ka MDE ke keʻena i ke aupuni mokuʻāina e kāhea no ia ʻano aʻo. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo nei ka mokuʻāina i nāʻiʻo iʻa a mākaukau paha kēlā mau hopena i Iulai. Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Mark Mank ke nānā nei ʻo MDE i ka iʻa. "ʻAʻole i mua o kēia wahi, akā nā wahi ʻē aʻe." Ma hope o ka papahana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Williams e hoʻāʻo ka MDE i Chesapeake Beach i ka hāʻule o 2021. Lana ka manaʻo, ʻaʻole kāhea ʻo MDE iā Alpha Analytical e hana hou i kā lākou hoʻokolohua. Ua hana ʻo Alpha Analytical i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaila pilo ʻōpala. ʻO lākou nō hoopaiia $ 700,000 no ka inoa inoa pelapela i Massachusetts.
Ua nīnau ʻo David Harris e pili ana i ka ʻi dia a me ka MDE a Jenny Herman i pane ai he "ʻano mau nō ka MDE ma mua o ka hana." Aia ʻo Michigan ma luna ona no kekahi mau makahiki. Hiki paha iā MDE ke kāhea iā lākou. Ka Air Force i ʻiʻo dia haumia i kahi i pāpā ʻia ai ka ʻai ʻana ma nā wahi. ʻLelo ʻo Mayer ʻaʻohe hana EPA a ʻokoʻa nā keʻena hoʻokolohua. ʻOiaʻiʻo leo huikau.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Peggy Williams me MDE ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo PFAS i ka mākala o ka dia, e like me nā pāpaʻi, ua wehewehe ʻo ia, ʻo ka PFAS ka hapanui i ka mākeke. ʻOiai ʻo ia e ʻōlelo maikaʻi ana e ʻai i nā pāpaʻi no ka mea paʻa nā mea ʻawa i ka mākeke, he mea holomua kēia no ka mea ua hōʻailona ia i ka manawa mua i ʻae kahi luna MDE i ka noho ʻana o PFAS i loko o nā pāpaʻi. Ua hoʻāʻo wau i ka pāpaʻi a loaʻa he 6,650 ppt o PFAS i ka ʻaoʻao hope. ʻO ia ʻekolu mau manawa o ka nui o ka PFAS i nā ʻōtio, akā he hapakolu wale nō o nā pae i ka iʻa pōhaku ma aneʻi ma ka moku ʻo St. Mary.
Ua haʻi aku ʻo Williams i ka muliwai ʻo Patuxent NAS RAB i ʻelua mau pule i hala aku nei ʻaʻole pilikia ka haumia dia ma St. Mary's County ma muli o ka wai wai puna ma ke kumu wai a ʻaʻole inu nā dia i ka wai palau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hana lākou.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Ben Grumbles, ke kākau ʻōlelo o ke Keʻena ʻĀina o Maryland i ka ʻōpihi - 2,070 ppt, pāpaʻi - 6,650 ppt, a me nā iʻa pōhaku - 23,100 ppt concentrations o PFAS "Pīhoihoi." E ʻike mākou inā he pīhoihoi ia no ka mokuʻāina e hana i nā hana e pale ai i ke olakino lehulehu.
ʻO nā wahine hāpai a hāpai paha ʻaʻole pono e ʻai i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai i piha me PFAS.
