Hōʻikeʻike no ka VI Symposium ma ka Hoʻokahuliʻiaʻana o nā Koa Koa Ma waho
Guantanamo, Cuba, Mei 4-6, 2019
Na Kanela Ann Wright
Pono wau e hoʻomaka i kaʻu hōʻike me kahi noi i nā poʻe o Cuba no koʻu ʻāina, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ʻAmelika e noho ana i ka ʻāina mōʻī Cuban no ka Naval Base o Guantanamo, ke kahua pūʻali koa a ka US i mālama ai ma kahi lōʻihi loa ma waho o ka US a me nā hale no ka wā i hala. 18 mau makahiki ka hale paʻahao kaulana ma laila.
Ke kala aku nei hoʻi au no nā hoʻopaʻi weliweli a ka US i hana ai ma luna o nā kānaka o Cuba no nā makahiki 50 ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli waiwai a me nāʻano hoʻoweliweli a me ka hoʻopaʻiʻana no ka hōʻoleʻana i ka makemake o ka US no nā makahiki 61 mai ka manawa o ka Cuban Revolution.
Ke noi aku nei hoʻi au i ka Pelekikena o ka Institute Cuban Institute for Friendship of the People (ICAP)ʻo Fernando Gonzalez no konaʻaeʻana i ke kānāwai i ka Moku'āinaʻAmelika Huipūʻia a me nā kānaka'ē aʻe iʻikeʻiaʻo Cuban Five i pāpāʻia e paʻahaoʻia ma ka US.
Makemake pū wau e kala aku i ka poʻe o Venezuela a me Nicaragua no ka hana a ka US ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻokahuli i nā aupuni i koho ʻia i ko lākou mau ʻāina a me nā hoʻopaʻi a ka US i kau ai i kēlā mau ʻāina. E kala aku hoʻi wau i ka poʻe o Honduras no ke kuleana a ka US i hoʻokahuli ai i kā lākou aupuni. I kēia manawa, ma ke noi a ke Aupuni o Venezuela, e noho ana nā hoaaloha ma Wakinekona, DC i ka Embassy o Venezuela e pale aku i ka hoʻāʻo kipi o Juan Guaido mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka hale o ka Embassy.
I kēia kumuhana no kaʻu hōʻike. ʻO ka 70th makahiki o ka North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) i mālama ʻia ma Wakinekona, DC ʻApelila 3 a me 4, 2019. Ua hele mai nā hui he nui i Wakinekona e hoʻopiʻi i ke ala antagonistic i Rusia i hoʻolilo iā ʻEulopa i wahi pilikia hou ma hope o 25 mau makahiki o ke Anu. Ua hala ke kaua i ka mōʻaukala.
I loko o nā makahiki he hala i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ikaika ka US a me NATO i nā kahua kaua ma nā Baltic, Scandinavian a me Eastern Europe ma ka palena o Rusia.
I Estonia, aia he alakaʻi ma ka UK a me ka hoʻokumuʻia o nā hōʻailona 800 mai Denmark a me Palani me 4 German Typhoon jets e hoʻokō ana i nā misionari "Air Policing" Baltic.
Ma Latvia, aia kekahi mau koa o 1,200 i alakaʻiʻia e Kanada a ua hoʻonohoʻia nā pūʻali koa mai Albania, Italia, Polani, Sepania a me Slovenia.
Ma Lithuania, alakaʻiʻia ka pūʻali koa 1,200 e Germany me nā pūʻali koa mai Pelekania, Croatia, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands a me Norway me 4 Dutch F-16 jet hana i nā mīkini Baltic "Air Policing".
Ua piʻi ka hoʻonuiʻia o ka pūnaewele hōʻolālā o Estonia a me Latvia a me Lithuania e hoʻonui ana i ka hōʻemi kālā o ka pūʻali koa no ka pilikia o NATO.
Ma Polani, aia kekahi pūnaewele hoʻokomo kaua'āina US Aegis a me ka hōʻailona koaʻo 4,000 US me nā mea koʻikoʻi kaumaha, e like me nā kāhiko 250, Bradley Fighting Vehicles a me Paladin.
Ma Romania, ua hoʻokumu ka US i kahi polokalamu pahi kauaʻo Aegis,ʻo ia ka mua ma'Europa mai ka Cold War.
Ma ka'ākau o'Europa ma Scandinavia, hanaʻia kaʻoihana kaua nui a NATO mai ka hopena o ke Kaua Cold,ʻo Trident Juncture 18, ma Norway maiʻOkakopa 25 a hiki i Nowemapa 7, 2018 i ka hopena o ka ikaika i manaʻoʻia e hopohopo iā Rusia.
Ma kahi o 50,000 mau pūʻali koa mai 31 mau ʻāina - nā mokuʻāina he 29 me NATO a me Kuilana - ua komo i ka maneuvers i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waena o Norewai no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻāina, ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau a me ke kai Baltic no nā hana kai moana, a ma Norewai, Kuekene a Kahua mokulele Finnish.
ʻO ia ma kahi o 10,000 mau koa hou aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻoikaika ikaika i Polani i ka makahiki 2002, nāna i hui pū nā lālā o Alliance a me 11 mau mokuʻāina hoa.
Ua komo nā kaʻa he 10,000 i ka hoʻolālā pūʻali koa a i ka wā e kau ʻia ana a i kekahi hopena, a he 92 mau mile a 57 mau mile paha ka lōʻihi o ka hui. 250 mau mokulele a me 60 mau moku i lawe, e komo pū ana me ka mokulele mokulele US-Harry S. Truman.
Ma mua o 20,000 mau pūʻali koa ʻāina, a ʻo nā limahana koa he 24,000 e like me US Marines, 3,500 koa pūʻali koa, ma kahi o 1,000 loea loea a me nā limahana 1,300 mai ke ʻano he nui o nā Komando NATO i komo.
ʻO nā lāhui i hāʻawi lima ʻelima ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kelemania, Nolewai, Pelekane a me Kuekene, ma kēlā ʻaha.
Ma 2017, ʻoiai he mau kūʻē ikaika mai Lūkia, ua hoʻoili ʻia ʻo 330 US Marines ma ka huli ʻana i ke kahua hoʻomaʻamaʻa Norewai ma Værnes ma waenakonu o Nolewai. Makemake ka US e hoʻonui i ka helu o ka pūʻali koa US i 700 a hoʻonohonoho iā lākou i ka ʻākau ma Setermoen, 420 kilomita mai Lūkia. E hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ʻaelike hoʻoili US ma waena o nā wā hou eono mahina i kēia manawa i ʻelima mau makahiki.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻāina o Lūkia o Crimea i ka makahiki 2014 ke kumu kūpono o ka NATO i hoʻonui ʻia ai nā limahana o ka US / NATO ma waena a me ka hikina o ʻEulopa. Ua hoʻopiʻi pinepine a koʻikoʻi hoʻi ke aupuni Lūkini i ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻali koa US ma Nolewai.
Ma muli o ka hoʻohui'āina o Russia no Crimea ma 2014, He mea nuiʻo Polani o ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka US maʻEulopa Hema, me e hana hou i ka hoʻolālā houʻana o ka pūʻali koa kauaʻo 173rd Airborne Brigade Team e hōʻike i ka hōʻiliʻili wikiwikiʻana o nā US a me nā NATO. IʻAukake, hoʻonohoʻia ka US Force Force ʻElima F-22 Raptors a me 40 lālā i Polani e komo i ka hana i laila.
Ua hoʻolaha akuʻoʻAmelika i ka hoʻolahaʻana o ka pūʻali koa o ka US Army Europe i kona pūʻali koa ma o ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā koa 1,500 i kona mau koa ma Kelemānia.
Ua'ōlelo ka pūʻali i ka mahinaʻo Ianuali 2018 e hoʻonā hou i ka hoʻohui hou e hoʻolālāʻia i kēia makahiki aʻo ka pūʻali koa a me ko lākou mauʻohana pono ke kū ma kahi hema o Siamani ma ka mahinaʻo September 2020.
Aia he 35,220 pūʻali koa US ma Kelemania a me ka huina o 64,112 pūʻali koa US ma ʻEulopa.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noi o ka lawelawe kūpale Polani i nā ʻāina o Bydgoszcz a me Toruń e like me nā wahi kūpono no ka moku kaua US hypothetical. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke keʻena ʻo Joint Force Training Center a NATO ma Bydgoszcz.
Ua hōʻea ka pūʻali koa US i'Europa i kona kiʻekiʻe i nā kanalima me nā poʻeʻoi aʻe o 450,000 e hana ana ma luna o nā pūnaewele 1,200. Ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke Kaua Kauawa, ua emi koke ka pūʻali koa US maʻEulopa i nā mea lawelawe 213,000, a ma hope ma 1993 ua emi iho ka mea i hōʻea i nā mea lawelawe 112,000. I kēia mau lā he 64, nā pūʻali koa 112 oʻAmelika i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia ma'ō aku oʻEulopa. ʻO nā pūʻali koa a me ka pūʻali koa US maʻEulopa (EUCOM) hiki ke heluʻia ma nā māhele.
NĀ HULA O NĀ MILITA HUI
Ka Pōʻali Koa https://southfront.org/military-analysis-us-military-presence-in-europe/
- ʻO nā kumuhana hana nui ʻO ia nā mea nui e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā pūʻali koa i hoʻonohonoho paʻaʻia me nā hanana i kūkulu ponoʻia.
- Nā pūnaewele holomua ke hoʻohana muaʻia e nā poʻe hoʻohālike. Hiki i kēia mau hanana ke hoʻololi i nā mea i pili.
- Nā wahi palekana hoʻolālā ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho paʻaʻia nā pūʻali koa kūʻokoʻa a mālamaʻia e ka mea hana pāʻani a iʻole kākoʻo aupuni.
ʻO ka European European Command, EUCOM, ke kuleana no kaʻoihana kaua, ka hana pūʻana, me ka hoʻonui i ka palekana nui o ka māinaʻo United States. Heʻelima mau mea i loaʻa iā EUCOM: US Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR), US Army Europe (USAREUR), US Air Force i Europa (USAFE), US Marine Force Europe (MARFOREUR), US Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR).
- US Naval Forces Europe (NAVEUR) Hoʻolako i nā kauoha, ka mālama a me ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā pono moana moana a pau i hoʻonohoʻia maʻEulopa i kēia manawa a aia ma Naples, Italia,ʻo ia hoʻi ka homeport of the Sixth Fleet.
- Ka Hui Pūʻali Koa US (USAREUR) aia ma Wiesbaden, Kelemānia. Ma ka piko o ka Cold War, ua hoʻoukaʻia ka pūʻali Koa 300,000 maʻEulopa, i kēia lā, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka piko o USAREUR e nā pūʻulu hakakāʻelua a me kahiʻoihana pale kaua i Germany a me Italia.
- US Force Force maʻEulopa (USAFE) heʻewalu kahua nui ma'Europa me ka 39,000 mea hana, mālama, a me nā poʻe pilikino. Mālamaʻo USAFE i nā mīkini mīkini ma Europa a ua ikaika loa i ka manawa o ka pilikia ma Libua.
- US Marine Force Europe (MARFOREUR) ua hoʻokumuʻia i loko o nā makahiki he kanawalukumamāwalu a emi iho ma lalo o 200 marine, i kēia lā ua hoʻokumuʻia kēia kauoha ma Böblingen, Kelemānia e pili ana i nā mile 1,500 i hāʻawiʻia e kākoʻo i nā huakaʻi EUCOM a me NATO. Ua hanaʻo MARFOREUR ma nā Balkans, a he mauʻoihana koa maʻamau ia ma ka hui pū me nā koa Norwegian.
- Nā Hana Hana Kūikawāʻo US. Europe Europe (SOCEUR) Hāʻawi i ka mālama maluhia a me ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā mana ikaika i ka wā o ka kauaʻole ma EUCOM. Ua komoʻo SOCEUR i nā mīkini hana nui a me nā mīkaʻi heleʻana ma Africa, he māhele koʻikoʻiʻo ia ma nā Balkans i nā makahiki heʻumikumamāiwa a kākoʻo i nā hana kaua ma ka wā o Iraq a me Afghanistan.
Hoʻoponopono Pūnaewele ma EUROPE
Ma waho aʻe o ka mākau a me ka'ōlelo Pelekaneʻo US, ua hoʻomauʻia ka helu nui o nā pā kaua ma waena oʻEulopa. I ka wā o ke Kaua Kēia, uaʻoi aku ka nui o nā US ma mua o 2,500 ma nā mokupuni o Europa, akā ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke Cold War a me ka hāʻuleʻana o ka Soviet Union ua emi koke ka helu. I kēia mau lā, e like me kekahi mau manaʻo kūponoʻole, ua puni ka 150 i ka 250 warheads i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma Italia, Turkey, Kelemānia, Netherlands a me Belgian. Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea kaua e kuʻikuʻiʻole i ka pumehana pōpilikia i hāʻawiʻia e nā mokulele.
ʻOiaiʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kaua o'Emelika i Europa o'Aulopa,ʻo ia ka hōʻehaʻole a me ka weheʻiaʻana o kēia mau pākaua he mea hikiʻole ke nānāʻia, no kaʻikeʻana i ke kūlana ma Ukraine a me ka Middle East. ʻEluaʻano kumuhana e hoʻohanaʻia nei no ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i nā mea'iliala i'Europa: nā Mokulei Nuclear a me nā Mokulele Mokulele me nā'aleki Nuclear i ka mea mālama.
ʻO nā Lulina Nalu Nuʻukiaʻo Lakenheath (UK), Volkel (Netherlands), Kleine Broggle (Belgium), Buchel (Germany), Ramstein (Germany), Ghadei Torre (Italia), Aviano (Italia) a me Incirlik.
ʻO nā Mokupuni Air me nā'aleki Nuclear i ka mea mālama i Norvish (Germany), Araxos (Greece), Balikesir (Turkey), Akinci (Turkey). ʻO Germany kahiʻoihana nui a me nā mea kaua o US me ka mālama ponoʻana o nā pōpilikia 150. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻeʻia kēia mau mea kaua a hoʻololi i nā kumuhana'ē aʻe a i nā'āina'ē aʻe inā makemakeʻia.
- US Bases ma ka United Kingdom
- Me Hill Air Base
- Mokuna Air Mildenhall
- ʻO Alcon Bury Air Base
- Kūlana Base Consolidon
- Fairford Air base
- US Bases ma German
- USAG Hohenfels
- USAG Weisbaden
- USAG Hessen
- USAG Schweinfurt
- USAG Bamberg
- USAG Grafenwoehr
- USAG Ansbach
- USAG Darmstadt
- USAG Heidelberg
- USAG Stuttgart
- USAG Kaiserslautern
- USAG Pāʻani
- Spangdahlem Air Base
- ʻO Ramstein Air Base
- Panzer Kaserne (US Marine base)
- US Bases ma Belgium
- USAG Benelux
- USAG Brussels
- US Bases ma Netherlands
- USAG Schinnen
- ʻO kaʻaha hui hui
- US Bases ma Italy
- Aviano Air Base
- ʻO Caserma Ederle
- ʻO Camp Darby
- NSA La Maddalena
- Neta Gaeta
- NSA Naples
- NSA Sigonella
- Nā kumu i Serbia / Kosovo
- ʻO Camp Bondsteel
- US Bases ma Bulgaria
- Graf Ignatievo Air Base
- Bezmer Air Base
- Aitos Logistics Pūnaewele
- Novo Selo Range
- US Bases ma Greece
- NSA Souda Bay
- US Bases ma Turkey
- Ka papahana Izmir Air
- Pākuʻi Air Base
ʻO ka hoʻohui'āina Lūkiaʻo Crimea ma ke noiʻana o nā kānaka Crimea i kohoʻia no ka hoʻohui'āinaʻana i loko o kahi hoʻopihapiha, ua hāʻawi aku i nā koa kaua ma ka US a me NATO ke kumu i manaʻoʻia e pono lākou e hoʻonui i ka helu a me ka ikaika o nā hana kaua koa Scandinavia a me nā'āina Baltic.
Eia hou,ʻo ka hakakāʻana o nā pūʻali koa US a me Russian a me nā kulekele'ē aʻe ma Suria a me Venezuela,ʻo ia ka hōʻoia o ka hoʻouluʻana i ka pūʻali koa o ka US, aia naʻe i ka moku aupuni Rūlā kahi hapaumi o ka hapa kālā o ka US ā heʻuʻuku loa ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka hoʻolālā pūʻulu hui pūʻia o nā aupuni 29-NATO.
US MILITARY IN AFRICA
Makemake wau e lawe i kou manaʻo i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka helu o nā pūʻali koa US a me nā limahana i nā ʻāina ma ʻApelika ma lalo o ke kauoha US i kapa ʻia ʻo AFRICOM. Wahi a ka noiʻi maikaʻi loa i hana ʻia e Nick Turse lāua ʻo Sean Naylor i kau ʻia ma ʻApelila 19, 2019, i kapa ʻia ʻo "The US Footprint in Africa," aia he 35 pūʻali koa "inoa inoa" me ka pūʻali koa US ma 19 mau ʻāina.
KANAKA ARMADA: ʻO kahi US US Navy ke nānā aku i ka nānāʻana i nāʻike leka uila mai nā moku mai ke kahakai oʻAmelika Hikina, Haleakala Armada ke kākoʻo nei i ka hakakā kaua drone US ma ka'āina.
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Unknown
ECHO KĀLĀINA: Ke hana nei kēia hana i kahi papahana hana ma ka Repubalika Central African. Hoʻomaka ia ma ka 2013 a kākoʻo ua hoʻounaʻia nā misionari no nā pūʻali Falani a meʻApelika i ka hoʻopiʻi hoʻopilikia o Central African Republic no ka hoʻomaluʻana i ka maluhia a hoʻomau i ke kākoʻo kōkua a me ke kōkua i nā pūʻali koa maluhia o'Afelika. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole nā pūʻali koa US i hui pū me kā lākou mau hoa ma ke kula aiʻole i hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻiʻia iā lākou. ʻO ka hana i uhi pū i ka hoʻokomoʻana o nā'elike a me nā Marines e hoʻopaʻa i ka US Embassy ma Bangui a me ka hoʻolālāʻiaʻana o nā hana kūikawā kūikawā o US no ka kōkuaʻana i kaʻelele US i nā misionari e kū'ē i kaʻEha Resistance Army. I nā lā mua o ka hana, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka pūʻali koa US i nā pūʻali koa he 50 o Burundian, nā tonua o nā mea hana aʻoi aku iʻoi aku o kahi mau kaukani mau mīkini kaua i ka Central African Republic, e like me i Africom. Ua hoʻomauʻia ka pūʻali koa US ka lawe pioʻana i nā pūʻali Falani i loko a ma waho o ka Repubalika Central African, a ke hoʻomaka nei kaʻoihana i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka 2018.
Māhana hoʻohanaʻia: Abeche, Chad
EXILE HUNTER: ʻO kekahi o kaʻohana i kapa likeʻia me ka hoʻoikaika hana kū'ē'ē i hoʻokōʻia e nā huiʻoihana kūikawāʻo US i East Africa. ʻO Exile Hunter kahi polokalamu 127e kahi i hoʻomohalaʻia ai nā pūʻali koa o US e hoʻomohala a hoʻokuʻuʻia i nā koa Kepania no nā mikiona counterterrorism i Somalia. Ua'ōleloʻo Bolduc, ua paniʻo ia i ka 2016 no ka meaʻaʻohe hauʻoli ke aupuni Ethiopia i ka ikaika e hāʻuleʻole ana ma lalo o kāna kauoha. Eia naʻe, i ka lāʻo Ianuali 2018 Defense Department papa o nā hana inoa i hōʻikeʻia ua ala mai.
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Camp Lemier, Djibouti
JUKEBOX LOTUS: ʻO Lotus Hōʻike Pelekane i hoʻomaka i ka pane hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻouka kauaʻo Setema 2012 ma Benghazi, Libia, nāna i pepehi US Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens a meʻekolu mauʻAmelika'ē aʻe, akā ua hoʻomauʻia a hiki i ka nui o 2018. Hāʻawi ia i ka'Āina Akahi no ka lawelaweʻana i nā hana likeʻole ma Libana e like me ka mea e pono ai a he kiko'ī no ka hana kūikawā a me ka hana kū'ēʻole.
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Faya Largeau a me N'Djamena, Chad; Mokuna Air 201, Agadez, Niger
I LIKE RAIN: ʻO kahi hana palekana o ka moana ma ke Kaiwaʻono o Guinea e pili ana i nā pūʻulu holo'Ālapa a me ka US Coast Guard e lawelawe ana mai nā moku Navy Navy a me nā pūʻali koa oʻAmelika. I ka 2016, ua holo nā hui hui Nā papa komo 32, ka hopena o $ 1.2 miliona i nā uku i hoʻopaʻiʻia no ka hanaʻana ma mua o ka violinelike 50, a me ka ho'ōla houʻana i kahi diesel fuel ka moku i hopuʻia e nā mea pōā. I ka makahiki i hala aku nei,ʻo ka hanaʻana me nā mokuʻo Senegalese a me Cabo Verdean, ua hoʻoholo loaʻia Nā papa komo 40 - ka hapanui o nā moku iʻa - a me $ 75,000 ma nā uku i hoʻoholoʻia no nā hana lawaiʻaʻelua.
Māhana hoʻohanaʻia: Dakar, Senegal
KE KINO HUI: A ka mākaʻikaʻi ma Libia, ma keʻano he 2016 ke kākoʻoʻana o nā mea mua e kū'ē i nā kūlana o ka Moku'āina ma ke kūlanakauhale Libyan o Sirte, hāʻawi aku i nā hui kūikawā kūikawā kauoha e hoʻohui i nā waiwai i mea e hoʻomohala ai i nāʻike e pili ana i ke kākoʻo
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Unknown
JUNIPER MICRON: Ma 2013, ma hope o ka hoʻolālāʻana o France i kahi hana kū'ē i nā'Ilikalama i ka inoaʻo Mali i kapaʻiaʻo Operation Serval,ʻo ka US i hoʻomaka i ka Operation ʻO Juniper Micron, e pili ana i nā pūʻali koa Farani a me nā lako i loko o kēlā kolelani Farani mua, nā mīkini lele e lele ana i ke kākoʻoʻana i nā koa ikaika Farani, a me ke kōkuaʻana i nā pūʻali koa Aferika. Ua holo mauʻo Juniper Micron e like me kaʻOkakopa 2018, me nā manaʻo e hoʻomau ma kēia mua aku.
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Istres-The Base Air Base, Palani; Bamako a me Gao, Maliia; Mokuleʻa 201 (Agadez), Arlit, Dirkou, Madama a me Niamey, Niger; Dakar, Senegal
JUNIPER NIMBUS: ʻO Juniper Nimbus he hana lōʻihi e kākoʻo ana i ke kauaʻana o ka pūʻali koa o ke Aliʻi Kamehameha e kū'ē i ka Boko Haram.
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; N'Djamena, Chad; Arlit, Dirkou a me Madama, Niger
JUNIPER SHIELD: ʻO ka hana hoʻomalu no ka misionari i lilo ai i mea hoʻohālua i Niger, ʻO Juniper Shield ʻo ia ke kikowaena oʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa ka hana hana counterterrorism ma ka'ākau o'Aferika a me nā uhi Nā lāhui 11: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal a me Tunisia. Ma lalo o Juniper Shield, hui nā US i loko o nā mahinaʻeono no ke aʻoʻana, kōkua, kōkua, a hui pū me nā pūʻulu hoa'āina e alakaʻi i nā hana e pili ana i nā pūʻulu hoʻokūkū,ʻo ISIS-West Africa, Boko Haram a me al Qaida a me kona mau hui.
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Garoua a me Maroua, Cameroon; Bangui, Central African Republic; Faya Largeau a me N'Djamena, Chad; Bamako a me Gao, Maliia; ʻO Nema a me'Ouassa, Mauritania; Mokuleʻa 201 (Agadez), Arlit, Diffa, Dirkou, Madama a me Niamey, Niger; Dakar, Senegal
NIMBLE SHIELD: ʻO kahi hana kūhaa haʻahaʻa e kū ana ma luna o Boko Haram a me ISIS-West Africa
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Douala, Garoua a me Maroua, Cameroon; Bangui, Central African Republic; N'Djamena, Chad; ʻO Diffa, Dirkou, Madama a me Niamey, Niger
ʻO'OAKEN SONNET I-III: ʻO kahi o nā papa hanaʻekolu ma Sudan Hema. Pākuʻi Oaken ʻO wau nō paʻakikī 2013 hoʻopakele i nā limahana o ka US mai kēlā'āina i ka hoʻomakaʻana o kona kaua kaua. Ua hana 'ia' o Sonaken II II ma 2014 a me Oaken Sonnet III ma 2016.
Māhana hoʻohanaʻia: ʻO Juba, South Sudan
OAKEN STEEL: ʻO ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o ka US Embassy ma Juba, Sudan Hema, e mālama i nā limahana o ka Moku'āina ma ka wā e hakakā ai ma waena o nāʻaoʻao kū'ē i kēlā kaua kūloko o ka'āina, KaʻOhana'Oaken, i holo mai Lulai 12, 2016, iā Jan. 26, 2017,ʻike akula i nā pūʻali koa US i hoʻonohonoho i Uganda no ka hoʻolakoʻana i ka pane wikiwiki i ka wā pilikia.
Nā papahana hoʻohanaʻia: Kulaʻo Lemonnier, Djibouti; Moron Air Base, Sepania; Entebbe, Ukanada
Hoʻolālā mākou e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā pūʻali koa o US ma'Afelika i ka'ōhumu hou.
