Na Nick Turse, ʻO TomDispatch
Mai noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ka mākaʻi no ka "kahe ʻana i ka repo" hoʻomaka i ke ala huakaʻi me Donald Trump. ʻAʻole ia, ʻoiai ka "swamp" e hoʻokahe ʻia i nā lā ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o 9/11 ʻaʻole ma Wakinekona; he ao holoʻokoʻa ia. ʻOiai, ʻo ia ka mōʻaukala kahiko, ma mua o 15 mau makahiki. ʻO wai ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo i kēlā manawa, ʻoiai mākou e noho nei me kāna hāʻule - me ka haneri haneli mau tausani i make a me ka miliona o nā holo kipa, me Islamophobia a me ISIS, me Pelekikena-koho Trump, hoʻi aku Oie ka Loea Kuhina Michael Flynn, a nui hou aku hou?
I ke ala mau ʻole ʻana o kekahi o nā kaua weliweli loa i ka moʻolelo ʻAmelika, ka hoʻouka kaua 2003 a me ka noho ʻana o ʻIraka, paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia ao akā ʻo ka mea i loaʻa iā mākou, kahi mea maʻalahi e hoʻopoina i nā luna kiʻekiʻe o ka Bush ua manaʻo ka hoʻomalu e hoʻokō lākou me kā lākou "Global War on Terror." ʻO wai ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka wikiwiki a me ka hoihoi o ko lākou lele ʻana i loko o ka papahana o ka hoʻokahe ʻana i kēlā wahi ākea o nā hui hoʻoweliweli (ʻoiai e lawe nei i waho. i ke Taliban a laila "Hoʻopau”Ke aupuni Iraqi o Saddam Hussein)? ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu nui: he imperium ʻAmelika i ka Greater Middle East (a ma hope ua manaʻo ʻia he honua Pax Americana). ʻO lākou, ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, nā mea moeʻuhane geopolitical o ke kauoha mua.
ʻAʻohe pule i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o 9 / 11, ua hele ke kākau ʻōlelo ʻo Defence Donald Rumsfeld 'ōlelo hōʻino ʻo ka hoʻouka kaua holoʻokoʻa e hiki mai ana e "hoʻopau i ke kahawai a lākou e noho ai." I hoʻokahi pule wale nō ma hope, ma kahi hālāwai o NATO, Hope Kakauolelo o ka Pale Kaua Paul Wolfowitz ua ikaika ʻoiai, ʻoiai mākou e hoʻāʻo e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia moʻo i ke kūpā, ke kumu o ka hoʻolālā ke hoʻopau nei i ke kūpale. I ka lā aʻe o Iune, i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻomaka ma West Point, ʻo Pelekikena George W. Bush e makemake e'ōlelo haʻaheo no ka makemake o kāna alakaʻi e hoʻoheheʻe i kēlā me nā "weliweli a me nā poʻe weliweli" ma 60 a i ʻole nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. "
E like me Wakinekona no Donald Trump, ua hōʻoia ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kahawai e noʻonoʻo ai i ka ninini ʻana. No nā luna kiʻekiʻe o ke aupuni ʻo Bush e hoʻouka nei i kahi kaua honua ma ka weliweli e like me ke ala kūpono e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano o ko mākou honua - a, i ke ʻano, ʻaʻole hewa lākou. E like me ka mea i hana ʻia, eia naʻe, ma kahi o ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā waikaele me kā lākou hoʻouka kaua a me kā lākou hana, ua komo lākou i hoʻokahi. ʻO kā lākou kaua kaua weliweli e hōʻoia i kahi mau ka pōʻino, hana pio a i ʻole nele i nā ʻōlelo galore a me ke kōkua ʻana i hoʻokumu i ke ʻano piha o nā haunaele a me ka huhū ma kahi o nā pūʻulu koa extremist Islamic, me ka ISIS, e hiki ai ke kūleʻe.
Ua hoʻololi hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka pūʻali koa US ma ke ala i hiki ʻole ai i ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika. Mahalo i kēlā kaua kūpaʻa ma o ka Hikina Waena Nui a ma hope ʻo ʻApelika, kahi hūnā o ka pūʻali koa lua o nā mea e pīhoihoi nei e hoʻoulu ʻia i loko o ka pūʻali koa US e kū nei, nā pūʻali koa elite e ulu mau nei o ka Command Operations Command. ʻO lākou ka poʻe ma ka liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he theoretically, ʻo ia nā ʻauwai wai. ʻO TomDispatch mau Ua lōʻihi ʻo Nick Turse e ukali nei i kā lākou ulu ʻana a me kā lākou hoʻolaha frenetic ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa - mai, e like me kāna i hōʻike ai i kēia lā, he 60 mau ʻāina i mahalo nui ʻia i ka makahiki i ka makahiki 2009 i nā ʻāina haʻalulu he 138 i ka makahiki 2016. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēlā mau mea hana kūikawā a ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i nā pūʻali koa i hui pū ʻia, ʻoiai ke hoʻouka nei i nā hoʻouka kaua a me nā drone e kūʻē i nā mea hoʻoweliweli ma nā ʻāpana nui o ka honua (e like me, ke lawe nei iā Osama bin Laden ma Abbottabad, Pakistan, ma 2011). I ke kaʻina hana, e hoʻokumu ʻia lākou i nā ʻano ʻoi aku, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā pūʻulu hoʻoweliweli a lākou e hakakā nei.
Ua hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo ʻaʻole lākou i neʻe nui i ka punawai i ke kahawai. I kēia lā, ke hoʻokokoke nei mākou i kahi manawa hou o Donald Trump, hāʻawi ʻo Turse i kāna hōʻike hou e pili ana i kā lākou ala aʻe a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Tom
Nā makahiki o ke Komisina
ʻO nā mākaʻi ʻokoʻa kikowaena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i 138 Nations, 70% o nā Aupuni o ka Honua
By ʻO Nick TurseHiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o Sirte, Libia, e kākoʻo ana i nā pūʻali koa milioni, a ma Mukalla, Iemene, nā pūʻali koa kākoʻo mai ka United Arab Emirates. Ma Saakow, kahi wahi mamao loa i ka hema Somalia, ua kōkua lākou i nā komando kūloko i ka luku ʻana i kekahi mau lālā o ka hui hoʻoweliweli al-Shabab. Ma nā kūlanakauhale o Jarabulus a me Al-Rai ma ka ʻākau Suria, hui pū lākou me nā pūʻali koa Tureke a me nā pūʻali koa Suria, ʻoiai e hoʻokomo pū ana me nā mea kaua Kurdish YPG a me nā Suria Demokalaka Suria. Aia ma ka palena o ka palena ʻIlaka, ua hui pū kekahi me ka hakakā e hoʻokuʻu i ke kūlanakauhale o Mosul. A i loko ʻApekanikana, ua kōkua lākou i ka hana ʻōiwi i nā misionari like ʻole, e like me kā lākou mau makahiki mai ka 2001.
No Amerika, 2016 paha ka makahiki o ka kauoha. Ma kekahi wahi hakakā ma hope o kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika a me ka Hikina Waena Nui, ua hana ʻo US Special Operations (SOF) i kā lākou inoa o ke kaua haʻahaʻa. "Ke lanakila nei i ka hakakā o kēia manawa, me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka Islamic State, al-Qaeda, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e pili ana ka SOF i ka hakakā a me ka paʻa ʻole, he pilikia nui ia," ke poʻo o ka US Special Operations Command (SOCOM), General Raymond Thomas, haʻiʻia ke komite maukana o ko Seniona poe makahiki i keia makahiki i hala.
ʻO nā kaua o ke aka o SOCOM e kūʻē aku i nā pūʻulu hoʻoweliweli e like me al-Qaeda a me ka Islamic State (ʻo ISIL kekahi) ʻo ia paha kāna hana ʻike nui ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia i kahi ʻoi aku ka hūnā ʻia o kāna mau hana - mai ka counterinsurgency a me nā hana counterdrug i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pau ʻole ʻana a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i nā mikionali - ma waho i ʻike ʻia nā wahi hakakā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Mālama ʻia kēia mau mea me ka liʻiliʻi o ka fanfare, ka uhi paʻi, a i ʻole ke kiaʻi ʻana i nā helu o nā lāhui i kēlā me kēia lā. Mai Albania a i Uruguay, Algeria a Uzbekistan, nā pūʻali koa poʻokela o ʻAmelika - Navy SEALs a me Army Green Berets i waena o lākou - ua lawe ʻia i 138 mau ʻāina i ka 2016, e like me nā kiʻi i hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻO TomDispatch na US Kauoha Hana ʻlelo Kūʻai. ʻO kēia huina, kekahi o nā kiʻekiʻena o ko Barack Obama pelekikena, i hoʻohālikelike i ka mea i lilo i makahiki gula, ma SOF-ʻōlelo, ka "ʻāpana hina" - kahi huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia e wehewehe i ka pōuliuli o ke kaua ma waena o ke kaua a me ka maluhia. E hōʻailona paha ka makahiki e hiki mai ana inā pau kēia au iā Obama a i ʻole hoʻomau ma lalo o kā ka Pelekikena i koho ʻia e Donald Trump.
"I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike mākou i kahi ʻano hoʻoweliweli a ulu a keu e noho nei: ka puka ʻana mai o kahi ākea hoʻonuiwela ʻo Kina; ke Kīwaha ʻAmelika e ulu ʻole ʻole ana; ua hoʻoweliweli aku kahi Lūkulu hou i kā mākou makemake i ʻEulopa a me Asia; a me kahi Iran e hoʻomau nei i ka hoʻonui i kona mana ma waena o ka Middle East, e kahe ana i ka hakakā Sunni-Shia, "ua kākau aku ʻo General Thomas i ka mahina i hala aku nei. PRISM, ka puke pai kūloko o ka Pentagon's Center for Complex Operations. "Hoʻohuli hou nā mea hana ʻoihana ʻole i kēia ʻāina ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoweliweli, lawehala, a me nā kipi kipi nāna e hōʻino i ke aupuni ma nā aupuni āpau akā ʻo nā mokuʻāina ikaika loa.
Ma 2016, e like me ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻO TomDispatch na SOCOM, ua hoʻouna ka US i nā mea hana kūikawā i Kina (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Hong Kong), me nā ʻāina he ʻumikūmākahi e hoʻopuni ana iā ia - Taiwan (a Kina i manaʻo ai he moku mokulele), Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, India, Laos, the Philippines, Kōlea Hema, a me Iāpana. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Operations Command kūikawā i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kauoha i ʻIrana, Kōlea ʻĀkau, a i ʻole Lūkia, akā hāʻawi ia i nā pūʻali koa i nā lāhui he nui e kani iā lākou.
Ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo SOCOM e inoa i nā 129 wale nō o nā ʻāina 138 i hoʻopuka ʻia i kāna mau pūʻali i 2016. "Aneʻane nā ʻāpana āpau o nā hoʻokele āpau kūikawā," i haʻi aku ai ka ʻōlelo a Ken McGraw ʻO TomDispatch. "Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia kahi hoʻouna ʻana i kahi ʻāina kikoʻī, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻoili."
ʻAʻole maopopo ka SOCOM, e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā pūʻali koa i nā kahua kaua o Somalia, Suria, a Iemene, ʻoiai ʻo nā hōʻike hōʻike ākea o ka US i hoʻokele kūikawā i loko o nā aupuni ʻekolu, a me kahi hōʻike ʻo White House, i hoʻopuka ʻia i ka mahina i hala, i kēlā memo "Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka pūʻali koa ma" Somalia, Suria, a me Yemen, a ua ʻōlelo nūia e "ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā pūʻali koa kūikawā o US i Suria."
Wahi a Special Operations Command, 55.29% o nā mea hana kūikawā i hoʻoili ʻia i waho o ka ʻāina i 2016 i hoʻouna ʻia i ka Hikina Waena Nui, kahi hāʻule o 35% mai ka makahiki 2006. Ma loko o ka manawa like, lawe i ʻApelika ke nānā aku nei e ʻoi aku ma mua o 1600% - mai 1% wale nō o nā mea hana kūikawā i hoʻouna ʻia ma waho o ka US ma 2006 a 17.26% i ka makahiki i hala. Ua ukali ʻia kēlā mau ʻāpana ʻelua e nā wahi i lawelawe ʻia e European Command (12.67%), Pacific Command (9.19%), Southern Command (4.89%), a me North Command (0.69%), a ʻo ia ka mea e mālama ana i ka "home hom defense." I kekahi lā i hāʻawi ʻia, ma kahi o 8,000 o ko Thomas mau ʻaha kauoha hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻāina he 90 a ʻoi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Nā Manhunt
"Ke hana nui nei nā pūʻali hana kūikawā i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻike - ka ʻike e kākoʻo ana i nā hana kūʻē iā ISIL a me ke kōkua ʻana e hakakā me ke kahe o nā koa haole a mai Suria a me ʻIraka," mai laLisa Monaco, ka mea kōkua i ka pelekikena no ka pale home a me ka counterterrorism, i nā ʻōlelo i ka International Special Operations Forces Convention i ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ia mau ʻike ʻike “alakaʻi ʻia i ke kākoʻo pololei o nā mikiona hana kūikawā,” ʻo SOCOM ʻo Thomas wehewehe i 2016. "Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka preponderance o ka ʻike hana kūikawā i ka ʻimi ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka, hoʻomālamalama i nā pūnaewele ʻenemi, ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā wahi, a me nā kākoʻo kākoʻo."
Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona mai nā kamepiula a me nā kelepona i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole pilikia e nā drone kiaʻi a me nā mokulele manned, a me ka ʻike kanaka i hāʻawi ʻia e ka Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), ua pili pū i ka ʻimi ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka no ka poʻe pepehi kanaka / hopu i nā mikiona a ka SOCOM mana loa. ʻO ke Keʻena ʻĀina Hoʻohui Kūʻokoʻa ʻ secretlelo huna nui loa (JSOC), no ka laʻana, hāpai i nā hana counterterrorism, me nā'ō'ō, nā hōʻeuʻeu, a pepehi kanaka ma nā wahi e like me ʻIraka a me Libia. I ka makahiki i hala, ma mua o kona hoʻololi ʻana i ke kauoha a JSOC no ka makua, SOCOM, General Thomas kaulana ke hana nei nā lālā o ka Joint Special Operations Command i "nā ʻāina āpau kahi e noho nei ʻo ISIL." (Hiki paha kēia hōʻike ka hoʻokahū kūikawā Pakitana, aia kahi'āina ʻē aʻe mai ka papa inoa 2016 o SOCOM.)
"[W] ua hoʻokau mākou i kā mākou Joint Special Operations Command i ke alakaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā hana kūwaho o ISIL. A ua loaʻa iā mākou nā hopena nui loa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kahe o nā mea kaua haole a me ka lawe ʻana i nā alakaʻi ISIL mai ke kahua kaua, kaulana i kahi haʻi kūlana koʻikoʻi i nā hana a JSOC ma kahi hālāwai ninaninau a ʻOkakopa.
I hoʻokahi mahina ma mua, ʻo ia kaumaha aku ka mea hou aku ma ka olelo ma mua o ke komite mau keʻena lawelawe i ka Senate:
"Ke kāpae ʻōnaehana nei mākou i ke alakaʻi ʻana o ISIL: ua lawe aku ka hui i ʻehiku mau lālā o ka ISIL Senior Shura ... Ua wehe mākou i nā alakaʻi ISIL nui ma Libya a me Afghanistan ... A ua wehe mākou mai ke kahua kaua ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 o nā mea hana waho o ISIL. nā mea hoʻolālā ... Ua hāʻawi mākou i kēia ʻaoʻao o kā mākou hoʻouka kaua i kekahi o ka [Keʻena ʻoihana Pale Kaua] kauoha ʻino loa, hiki, a me ka ʻike, ko mākou Joint Special Operations Command, ka mea i kōkua i ka hoʻopono ʻaʻole wale iā Osama Bin Laden, akā i ke kāne pū kekahi. nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hui i lilo i ISIL, Abu-Musab al-Zarqawi. "
No ka noi ʻana i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i ka nui o ISIL "mau mea ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao" a he nui ka "lawe ʻia" mai ke kahua kaua e JSOC ma 2016, pane ʻo Ken McGraw a SOCOM: "ʻAʻole mākou a loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mea."
I ka wā ʻo ia ka luna o JSOC ma 2015, ua kamaʻilio ʻo General Thomas e pili ana iā ia a me kāna "unit frustrations" me nā palena i kau ʻia ma luna o lākou. "ʻ toldlelo ʻia wau 'ʻaʻole' ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 'hele' ma ka nui o ʻumi a hoʻokahi paha ma kahi o kēlā me kēia lā," ʻo ia mai la. ʻO Nowemapa i hala, eia naʻe, ka Hawaii Posthoike ke hāʻawi nei ke aupuni ʻo Obama i kahi pūʻulu hana JSOC "hoʻonui i ka mana e alualu ai, hoʻolālā a hoʻouka paha i nā hoʻouka kaua ma nā pūnaewele hoʻoweliweli a puni ka honua." ʻO kēlā Counter-External Operations Task Force (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo "Ex-Ops") i "hoʻolālā ʻia e lawe i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike a JSOC ... a lawe aku iā ia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hele ma hope o nā pūnaewele hoʻoweliweli e kipi nei i ke komohana."
Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e SOCOM nā māhele o ka Post moʻolelo. "ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ʻia iā SOCOM a i ʻole kekahi o kāna mau mea i lalo… i nā mana i hoʻonui ʻia," i haʻi aku ʻo Ken McGraw o kā SOCOM ʻO TomDispatch ma ka leka uila. "Pono e ʻae ʻia nā hana kūpono e ka GCC [Geographic Combatant Command] alakaʻi [a], inā koi ʻia, ʻae ʻia e ke Kākauʻōlelo o Defense a i ʻole [ka pelekikena]."
"Nā luna o US" (i kamaʻilio wale ma ke ʻano e ʻike ʻia lākou i kēlā ala maopopo ʻole) ua wehewehe ʻo kā SOCOM pane i kahi manaʻo. ʻAʻole i hoʻonui ʻia kona mau mana e like me ka institutionalized a kau "i ke kākau," ʻO TomDispatch haʻi ʻia. "ʻO Frankly, ʻo ka hoʻoholo i hoʻoholo ʻia i nā mahina i hala aku nei e codify i nā hana o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hana i kahi mea hou." Ua hōʻole ʻo Command Operations Command e hōʻoia i kēia akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kolonela Thomas Davis, kekahi haʻi ʻōlelo no SOCOM: "ʻAʻohe wahi a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ʻaʻohe codification."
Me Ex-Ops, General Thomas he "hoʻoholo i ka wā e hele mai ai ma hope o nā hoʻoweliweli ma lalo o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka hana nui," e like me i ka Hawaii PostʻO Thomas Gibbons-Neff lāua ʻo Dan Lamothe. "E hoʻohuli ka pūʻulu hana iā Thomas i alakaʻi alakaʻi ke hiki mai i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā keʻena hana kūikawā ma hope o nā hoʻoweliweli." ʻO haʻi ʻē aʻe koi ana Ua hoʻonui wale ʻo Thomas i ka mana, e ʻae iā ia e koi pololei i kahi hoʻolālā o ka hana, e like me ke kuʻi ʻana i kahi pahuhopu, i ke Kakauolelo o ka Pale Kaua, e ʻae ana i ka manawa ʻae ʻia pōkole. (Wahi a McGraw a SOCOM ʻaʻole ʻo Thomas e lilo i alakaʻi no ka ikaika a i ʻole ʻo ia ka mea hoʻoholo i ka SOF e hana ana i nā [wahi o ka hana] GCC. ”)
I ka mahina o Nowemapa i hala aku ai, ua hāʻawi aku ke Kākau'ōlelo Kākoʻo Carter i kahi hōʻike no ka pinepine ʻana o nā hana hana hewa ma hope o kahi kipa ma ka Hurlburt Field o Florida, ka nā keʻena nui o ke Kauoha Hana Kūlana Kūlana ʻEleʻa. ʻO ia kaulana i "i kēia lā ke nānā nei mākou i kahi helu o ka mana hana kūkaʻi o nā Special Operations. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano hiki a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā ma kahi o ka honua ... a pili pono ia i ka counter-ISIL pāʻoihana a mākou e hana nei i kēia lā. "
Ma Afghanistan, ʻo ia wale nō, Nā kaha hana kikowaena lawe ia ʻo 350 hana i ka huli ʻana i ka hana al-Qaeda a me Islamic State i ka makahiki i hala, e loaʻa ana i kahi mea hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ka hopu a pepehi paha i kahi kokoke i nā alakaʻi “50" a me 200 "mau lālā" o nā hui weliweli. e like me iā General John Nicholson, ke luna nui o ka US ma kēlā ʻāina. Kekahi mau kumuwaiwai kekahi paipai e like me ka lele ʻana o JSOC a me CIA i ka nui o ka nui o nā misionari ma 2016, ua hoʻouka ka pūʻali koa ma mua o 20,000 kaʻe ʻana ma Afghanistan, Yemen, a me Suria, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli e ka 'Oihana. E noʻonoʻo paha kēia i kahi hoʻoholo aupuni Obama e hoʻokō e hoʻolālā hoʻolālā lōʻihi e hoʻokau iā JSOC ma luna o nā hana lethal a hoʻololi i ka CIA hou i kāna mau hana kuʻuna pilikino.
World o ka Warcraft
"ʻAʻole pono wau e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu i ala ai ka SOF mai ka wāwae wāwae a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka mea pāʻani i ka hana nui, no ka mea ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana kekahi e hōʻike ana i ke kumu o ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka US i kāna mau hoʻolaha hou loa - Afghanistan, Iraq, e kūʻē iā ISIS a me AQ a me kāna pili, Libya, Yemen, etc. a me nā hoʻolaha i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma Baltics, Polani, a me Ukraine - ʻaʻohe o lākou e kūpono i ke ʻano US no ke kaua kuʻuna, " mai la ʻO Lieutenant General Charles Cleveland, ke poʻo o ka US Army Special Operations Command mai 2012 a 2015 a i kēia manawa he alakaʻi nui i ka luna o nā limahana o ka Pūʻulu Haʻawina Strategic Studies a ka Pūʻali. Ke ʻōlelo nei ʻo ia, ma waena o nā pilikia nui o kēia mau hakakā, ua hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia ka mana o ko ʻAmelike mau pūʻali koa e hana i ka make / hopu i nā mikiona a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea kōkua kūloko, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, "ʻOi loa ka SOF ke hana pono nā ʻōiwi a me nā hana pololei. i ke kākoʻo o kekahi i kekahi. Ma ʻō aku o Afghanistan a me ʻIraka a me nā hana CT [counterterrrorism] e hoʻomau nei i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, hoʻomau ʻo SOF e hana pū me nā lāhui hoa i ka counterinsurgency a me nā counterdrug e hana nei ma Asia, Latin America, a me ʻApelika. "
Ua hōʻoia ka SOCOM i nā hoʻoili ʻia ma kahi kokoke i 70% o nā lāhui kanaka o ka honua, e komo pū ana me nā ʻāina ʻekolu a me ʻAmelika Hema (Bolivia, Ecuador, a me Venezuela ʻo nā mea i koe). Holoi aku ka poʻe lawelawe ma Asia, ʻoiai ke hoʻokele nei i nā misionari ma kahi o 60% o nā ʻāina ma Africa.
Hiki i ka SOF hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma nā ʻāina ʻē ke liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi mea lawelawe kūikawā e komo ana i kahi papahana immersion ʻōlelo a i ʻole ʻekolu mau poʻe e alakaʻi ana i kahi "ana" no ka ʻelele US. ʻAʻohe paha mea e pili ai i ke aupuni aupuni a pūʻali koa paha. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pūʻali hana kūikawā, hana pū nō naʻe me nā hoa kūloko, ke alakaʻi nei i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ke komo ʻana i ka mea a ka pūʻali koa i kapa ai ʻo "building partner caption" (BPC) a me "security kerjasama" (SC). ʻO ka pinepine, ke ʻano o kēia e hoʻouna ʻia nā pūʻali koa nui o ʻAmelika i nā ʻāina me nā pūʻali palekana e maʻa mau kuhikuhiʻia no ka hana ʻino kanaka ma o ka US State Department. ʻO ka makahiki i hala ma ʻApelika, kahi e mana ai nā Operations kūikawā hoʻohana aneane 20 mau papahana a me nā hana like ʻole - mai nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hana hoʻopili palekana - ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea Burkina Faso, burundi, Kameruna, Aupuni Lepupalika Kupa o Congo, Dibuti, Kenia, Mali, Mauritania, Naigera, Naigeria, Tanazania, a uganda, Me kekahi po'e'ē a'e.
I ka makahiki 2014, ʻo kahi laʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koa elite ma mua o 4,800 i hoʻokahi ʻano o ia mau hana - Hui Hoʻohui Kūleʻa Hui Pū ʻIa (JCET) misiona - a puni ka honua. Ma ke kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 56 miliona, Navy SEALs, Army Green Berets, a me nā mea hana kūikawā ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia he 176 kanaka JCET ma 87 mau ʻāina. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻo 2013 RAND Corporation i nā wahi i uhi ʻia e Africa Command, Pacific Command, a me South Command i loaʻa ka maikaʻi ma waena o ka haʻahaʻa no nā JCET ma nā ʻāpana ʻekolu. A RAND 2014 Ka Ikepili o ka US security security, ka mea i nānā pū i nā hopena o ka "low-footprint force Operations Force", ua loaʻa he "ʻaʻohe pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o SC a me ka loli o ka palupalu o nā ʻāina ma ʻApelika a me ka Hikina Waena." A i kahi hōʻike 2015 no ke Kulanui ʻo Joint Special Operations University, ʻo Harry Yarger, he hoa makua ma ke kula. kaulana ua "hoʻopau ʻo BPC i nā kumuwaiwai he nui no ka hoʻi liʻiliʻi."
ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau hopena a me nā hōʻaia hoʻolālā ʻole e pili ana ʻIlaka, ʻApekanikana, a Libia, ʻo nā makahiki ʻo Obama ka makahiki gula o ka ʻāpana hina. ʻO nā lāhui he 138 i kipa ʻia e nā mea hana kūikawā US ma 2016, no ka laʻana, hōʻike i kahi lele o 130% mai nā lā e mae ana o ka hoʻoponopono Bush. ʻOiai hōʻike lākou i kahi hāʻule 6% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka huina o ka makahiki i hala, ua noho ʻo 2016 i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o nā makahiki o Obama, ka mea i ʻike i ka lawe ʻana i 75 lāhui ma 2010, 120 ma 2011, 134 i 2013, a 133 i 2014, ma mua o ke kolo ʻana 147 Nā ʻāina i ka makahiki 2015. Nīnau ʻia e pili ana i ke kumu o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa, ua pane aku ka mea haʻi ʻōlelo SOCOM ʻo Ken McGraw, "Hāʻawi mākou i ka SOF e hoʻokō i nā koi a nā mea hakakā kūwaho no ke kākoʻo ʻana i kā lākou papa hana palekana palekana hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Me he mea lā, aia he ʻeiwa mau ʻāina liʻiliʻi [kahi] i koi ai nā GCC no ka SOF e hoʻoili ai i ka [Makahiki 20] 16. ”
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hoʻoili ma waena o 2009 a me 2016 - mai kahi o 60 mau ʻāina i ʻoi aku i ka pālua - aniani me ka piʻi like ʻana o ka nui o nā limahana o SOCOM (mai kahi o 56,000 a 70,000 paha) a me kāna waihona kumuhana (mai $ 9 biliona a $ 11 biliona). ʻAʻole ia he mea hūnā ua piʻi nui ka tempo o nā hana, ʻoiai ua hōʻole ke kauoha e nānā i nā nīnau mai ʻO TomDispatch Ma ke kumuhana.
“Ua kaumaha ʻo SOF i ka kaumaha ma ka lawe ʻana i kēia mau misionari, ua hōʻeha nei i ka nui o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia i nā makahiki ʻewalu i hala aku nei a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe (OPTEMPO) i ulu nui ai nā mea hana kūikawā a me ko lākou mau ʻohana,” heluhelu kahi hōʻike ʻOkakopa 2016 i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka pahu manaʻo noʻonoʻo ma Virginia i CNA. (Ua puka mai kēlā hōʻike mai kahi ʻaha kūkā ua hui e ʻeono mau kumuhana ʻoihana kūikawā ʻeono, he kākau ʻōlelo kōkua mua e pale aku ai, a he nui o nā mea hoʻokele kūikawā e mālama ʻia ana.)
ʻO ke ʻAno ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
I ka mahina i hala aku nei, ma mua o ke Kōmike lawelawe ʻo ʻAna Senate Kamalani Brimley, ka luna i mua no ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻana i nā limahana no ka National Security Council, a i kēia manawa he pelekikena hoʻokūkū ma ka Center for a New American Security, 'ōlelo hou nā hopena hopohopo o ka hōʻike CNA. Ma ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo e pili ana i nā "kūpale pale US e kū nei a me nā hoʻoweliweli o ka honua holoʻokoʻa," i ʻōlelo ʻo Brimley "ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo SOF i nā helu i loaʻa ʻole ma mua, e kau ana i ka ikaika ma luna o ka ikaika" a kāhea aku i ke keʻena ʻo Trump e "hana i kahi hoʻolālā counterterrorism no ka wā lōʻihi loa. ” I kahi pepa hoolaha i Dekemaba Kristen Hajduk, he loea mua no ka Hoʻokele Kauoha ʻokoʻa a me ke kaua wiwo ʻole i ka keena o ke Kuhina Kalākaua ʻoihana Kālepale no nā hana kūikawā a me nā hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa. A ʻo ia kekahi hoa ma ka Center for Strategic and International Studies, i kāhea ʻia no ka hāʻule ʻana o nā helu hoʻolimalima no ka ʻOihana kūikawā. Nā ʻāpana hana.
ʻOiai ua ʻōlelo ʻo Donald Trump me ka pūʻali koa ʻo ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano he "nui.kaheʻe wale»A ia kapaia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka Pūʻali Koa a me nā Koa Malina, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona e pili ana inā e hoʻolālā ʻo ia e kākoʻo i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana i ka nui o nā mana ops kūikawā. A ʻoiai ʻo ia e hana nei koho ka mua ʻĀII ʻĀkau e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kākau ʻōlelo o ka loko, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Trump i nā hōʻike liʻiliʻi no ka mea e hoʻohana ai ʻo ia i nā mea hana kūikawā e lawelawe nei i kēia manawa.
"Pākuʻi ʻo Drone," ia hai mai la i kekahi o kāna mau kikoʻī kikoʻī e pili ana i nā mikiona ops kūikawā, "e noho ʻāpana o kā mākou papahana, akā e ʻimi pū mākou e hopu i nā pahuhopu waiwai kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa ai ka ʻike e pono ai e hoʻopau i kā lākou ʻoihana." I kēia mau lā, ma kahi hālāwai lanakila o North Carolina, ua hōʻike ʻo Trump i nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī i nā pūʻali koa elite ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi. "ʻO kā mākou Pūʻali Kūʻokoʻa ma Fort Bragg ka piko o ka ihe i ka hakakā ʻana i ka hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka mākia a ko mākou Pūʻali Kūʻali Koa 'e hoʻokuʻu i ka mea i hoʻokaumaha ʻia,' a ʻo ia nō ka mea a lākou e hana nei a e hoʻomau nei e hana. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā koa mai Fort Bragg ma nā ʻāina he 90 a puni ka honua, ”ʻo ia haʻiʻia ka lehulehu.
Ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i kāna kākoʻo no ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā mikioni ops kūikawā ākea ākea, ua kū ʻo Trump e hoʻololi i ka papa, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, "ʻAʻole makemake mākou i pūʻali koa pau ʻole no ka mea aia mākou ma kahi e hakakā nei. ʻaʻole nō mākou e hakakā ana ma… ʻO kēia pōʻai luku o ke komo a me ka haunaele e pau, e nā kānaka, e pau. " I ka manawa like, eia naʻe, hoʻohiki ʻo ia e lanakila koke ka US i nā pūʻali koa o ka hoʻoweliweli. I kēlā hopena, ʻo Lieutenant Army General Michael Flynn i hoʻomaha loa, he alakaʻi mua o ka ʻike no ʻO JSOC ka mea i koho ʻia e ka pelekikena i koho ʻia e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kākāʻōlelo palekana nona ka ʻāina, ua hoʻohiki ʻo ia e hoʻoponopono hou ka mana hou i ka mana o ka pūʻali koa e hakakā me ka Islamic State - e hāʻawi ana paha i ka latitude i ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ke kahua kaua. I kēia hopena, ka Wall Street Pai hoike ke hoʻohiki nei ka Pentagon i nā manaʻo ʻōlelo e hōʻemi i ka "White House oversight of operational decision" ʻoiai "e hoʻihoʻi ana i kekahi mana kūpono i ka Pentagon."
I ka mahina i hala aku nei, ua huakaʻi ʻo Pelekikena Obama i ko Florida MacDill Air Force Base, ka home o Special Operations Command, e hoʻopuka ai i kāna kamaʻilio pōhaku capstone. "No ʻewalu mau makahiki aʻu i noho ai i loko o ka keʻena, ʻaʻohe lā i ka manawa a kahi hui hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole kekahi kanaka radicalized e hoʻolālā ʻole e pepehi i nā ʻAmelika," ʻo ia haʻiʻia ka lehulehu ua hoʻopihaʻia me nā pūʻali koa. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole paha he lā i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻoili ʻia nā pūʻali koa elite ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi i 60 a ʻoi paha mau ʻāina a puni ka honua.
"E lilo wau i pelekikena mua loa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e lawelawe i ʻelua mau kau piha i ka manawa o ke kaua," i hoʻohui aku ai ʻo Obama. "ʻAʻole pono nā Democracies e hana i kahi kūlana o ke kaua kū mau. ʻAʻole maikaʻi kēlā no ko mākou pūʻali koa, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ia no ko mākou demokalamala. " ʻO nā hopena o kona noho pelekikena kaua mau ʻana, ua hewa, e like me i ke Kauoha Hana Kūikawā. ʻO nā hakakā he ʻewalu i hoʻoili ʻia i nā makahiki o Obama, e like me ka hōʻike pōkole 2015 mai ka papa kuhikuhi o ke kauoha, kū ka moʻolelo a ʻAmelika i nā lanakila ʻelua, ʻelua mau eo, a me ʻeono mau pilina.
Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ka mōʻī Obama ʻo "the"makahiki o ke kauoha. ” Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā pūʻali hana kūikawā i kahi manawa hana frenetic, ke kaua ʻana i loko a ma waho o nā ʻāpana hakakā, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i nā mea kōkua kūloko, e aʻo ana i nā proxies ʻōiwi, e kīkē ana i nā puka, a e hana ana i nā mea pepehi kanaka. hoolaha aku ma'ō aku Hikina Waena Hikina a Aferika.
Pelekikena-koho ʻo Donald Trump ʻikeʻia poised to makeʻole nui o ka Hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Obama, mai ka pelekikena kānāwai mālama ola kino i kona nā kānāwai āpau, ʻaʻole e haʻi i ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka papa e pili ana i ke kulekele ʻē aʻe, e komo pū me nā pilina China, ʻIlana, Iseraela, a Lukia. E hoʻolohe paha ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo aʻo e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā helu hoʻoili SOF pae o Obama. ʻO ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, e hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona inā e ola ke kaua lōʻihi a Obama i nā aka, ke au gula o ka ʻāpana hina.
