ʻO ka MilikūʻAmelika e hoʻopilikia ana iā Siamani

Na Pat Pat, Fepuari 1, 2019

Ke loaʻa nei ʻo Kelemania i kahi pilikia olakino lehulehu me nā miliona o ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia i ka wai inu i hoʻohaumia ʻia me nā Per a me Poly Fluoroalkyl Substances, a i ʻole PFAS.

ʻO kahi kumu nui o kēia mekini pahuhopu ke hele mai mai ke kiʻi mele kiʻi e hoʻoulu i ka mahu (AFFF) hoʻohanaʻia i ka hoʻonāʻana i nā ahi ma nā pūʻali koa o US. Ma hope o ka hoʻonāʻana, a laila e hana ana i nā ahi nui me kaʻehu makamae e paʻa ana i ka PFAS,ʻo nā pae'āinaʻAmelika eʻae i nā meaʻino e komo i loko o ka wai wai e hoʻopōʻino i nā kaiaulu kokoke e hoʻohana ana i ka wai wai ma nā pūnāwai a me nā wai wai.  

Wahi a ka Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA), ke hōʻike ʻana i ka PFAS "hopena paha i nā hopena olakino maikaʻi ʻole, e pili ana i nā hopena ulu ʻana i nā pēpē i ka wā hāpai a i ʻole nā ​​pēpē i hānai ʻia (e laʻa, haʻahaʻa kaumaha hānau, hōʻeleu i ke ʻōpio, nā ʻano iwi), maʻi ʻaʻai (eg , testicular, kidney), nā hopena o ke akepa (e laʻa me ka hōʻino ʻana o nā ʻaʻa), nā hopena pale (e laʻa me ka hana antibody a me ka pale ʻana), nā hopena thyroid a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, loli ke kolesterol). " Hāʻawi pū ʻo PFAS ka micro-penis, a me ka helu sperm haʻahaʻa i nā kāne.

Ua kākoʻoʻia nā pepa Pelekāne US i ka ʻO ka Volksfreund ka nūpepa haole ma 2014 ua hōʻike i ka wai o ka wai ma Ramstein Airbase i loaʻa iā 264 ug / L a i ʻole 264,000 mau ʻāpana i kēlā me trillion (ppt.) o PFAS. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana ʻē aʻe ma Ramstein hōʻikeʻia i loko 156.5 ug / l or156,500 ppt. ʻO ka polokalamu mālama wai o ka moku'āina o Rhineland-Palatinate ma kahi kokoke i ka Spangdahlem Air Base i loaʻa ka PAS i ka nui o nā hāʻina o 1.935 ug / l aiʻole 1,935 ppt. ʻO ka'ōnaehana hoʻomeheu ma Spangdahlem ka hoʻolaha nui nei i nā mea hana.

Wahi a nā kānakaʻepekemaʻo Harvard ʻO Perfluoro Octane Sulfonate (PFOS) a me Perfluoro Octanoic Acid (PFOA), elua o nāʻano make loa o ka PFAS, he mea ia e hōʻeha ai i ke ola kanaka ma nā kūlana o 1 hapa pākahi (ppt)  i ka wai inu. ʻO nā loko iʻa, nā kahawai a me nā muliwai e pili ana i nā airfields ma Germany, he mau manawa iʻoi aku ka haumia ma mua o ka pono e like me nā koi EU.

Ua hoʻonuiʻia ma mua o ka 3,000 kino kīnā PFAS.

He mea pono e hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o ka waiʻana i ka wai ma Germany me kēia Ka hōʻike DOD ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka PAS ma nā kahua kaua o US. E like me nā kahua kahuaʻAmelika i loko o ka'ahamele US,ʻo Ramstein a me Spangdahlem ua haumia loa.

ʻAʻole pono ka pūʻali koa US no ke kuleana a hōʻoleʻole i ka uku no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i kaʻeha i hanaʻia. ʻO ka mea kaua o Andrew Wiesen, ka Luna o ka Medicine Preventive o DOD no ka Office of Health Affairs, i'ōleloʻia,ʻo ka hewa ke kuleana o ka EPA. "ʻAʻole mākou e hana i ka noiʻi mua ma kēia wahi," i haʻi aku aiʻo ia Ka Waiwai Hui. "ʻO ka EPA ke kuleana no ia," i'ōlelo aiʻo ia. "ʻAʻole i nānā ponoʻo DD i nā pūnaewele aʻaʻohe"ʻike hou aku i kēia, e pili ana i nā hopena olakino o PFOS / PFOA, ma kahi o kaʻuʻike. "

Hoʻolimalima ka Pentagon i $ 100 miliona no kēlā me kēia mīkini hou a ua maʻalahi nā mīkini kālā e puhi i ke ahi. ʻO nā pohu me nā mea maʻamau a me poly fluoroalkyl ka mea kūpono loa e kinai koke aku i ke ahi e hiki ke hōʻoki i kekahi o kēia mau mea kaua. Uaʻike ka poʻe US i kēia mau meaʻeleʻele i nā meaʻino mai ka 1974 akā ua mālama lākou i kahi mea huna, nui loa, a hiki i kēia manawa.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo PFOS & PFOA ma ke ʻano he "kemika mau loa" no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kaiapuni. Ke hana nei nā lālā pūʻali koa i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāpana ahi ʻē aʻe i emi iki ka make. akā ua paʻakikī.

No ka hāʻawiʻana i kekahi kiʻi, ua paniʻia ka Wurtsmith, Michigan Airbase i ka 1993 i ka wā o nā kahawai a me nā wai lepo. e noho make. I ka halaʻana o ka 2018, ua hāʻawi aku nā luna olakino Michigan i ka'aha'ōlelo 'Do Not Eat' no ka dia i laweʻia i loko o nā mileʻelima o ka mea kahiko. He mau makahiki 26 ia aʻo ka inu wai wai hoʻi ka mea make.

ʻAʻole i hoʻolālāʻia kēia mau meaʻeleʻele e ka EPA. Wahi a kekahi poʻe no kā lākou mau mea kaua. Ma kahi o ka EPA Nā mana'o paipai i nā moku a me nā keʻena wai e pili ana i kēia mau mea. ʻO ka palenaʻo LifeNive Health Advisory (LHA)ʻo ka Life Competition Life Advisory (LHA) no nā mea likeʻelua,ʻo ia ka 70 ppt, i'ōleloʻia e kahi mea'enekeʻehā he kiʻekiʻe loa.

Ua hoʻonohonoho ka US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) i nā kūlana wai inu a pau o 11 ppt no PFOA a me 7 ppt no PFOS.  No laila, maopopo ke kumu o ka nohoʻana o kekahi mau moku'āina e kali i ka EPA o ke Kōpena e hana a ua hoʻokumu koke nei i nā paepae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka paleʻana i ke olakino o ka lehulehu.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumuʻo Germany i kahi "kaulana alakaʻi alakaʻi" kiʻekiʻe loa no PFOA + PFOS ma 300 ppt. Ua hāʻawiʻia kaʻaha wai wai e kaʻEkalesia'Elekania ma nā kūlana o 100 ppt. no kēlā me kēia PFAS a me 500 ppt. no ka huina o ka PAS.  E nānā i kēia palapala no nā alakaʻi PFOS / PFAS ma ka US a meʻEulopa.

ʻO kaʻaoʻaoʻo Ramstein ma luna aʻe nei, hōʻikeʻia kahi hangar ākea e hoʻopiha ana i ka moho ahi. ʻO ka US Commander Air Force ma Ramstein, Wehewehe, "Ma kahi o 4,500 galani o ka wai e puka mai nei i kēlā me kēia minuke mai kahi pahu wai 40,000." Hōʻike ka ʻatikala, "Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hangar e kaohi i ka haumia ma o kahi pūnaewele mālama o lalo e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka wai a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o kahi kahe hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka nui i kāohi ʻia a mālama ʻia e kahi mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai wai ma Landstuhl." 

ʻO ke kumu kumu o kēia hoʻopiʻiʻiaʻana,ʻo ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o nā koa US no nā kumukūʻai ahi B B (mil-F-24385) makemakeʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā meaola lāʻau floating.

ʻAʻole ka palena palena o PFAS i Ramstein a me Spangdahlem.

Ma Bitburg, ua hōʻikeʻia ka wai honua i ka PFAS ma nā anuu o 108,000 ppt. E like me ka Wurtsmith, ua hele aku ka pūʻali koa AM mai Airburg Bitburg ma 1994, akā,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopauʻia ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka hopena o ka nohona. Uaʻikeʻia kēia mau mea'alapalapa kino i ka NATA Airfield Hahn, ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe Büchel a me nā Semasaka a me Zweibrücken.

Wahi a Volksfreund, he kahawai e pili ana iā Bitburg i loko o ka 7700 manawa hou aku i ka PFAS ma mua o ka EU i manaʻoʻia. ʻO Günther Schneider, he mea mahiʻai a me ka mea hoʻolālā ākea mai Binsfeld mai, aia nā kiʻi kahiko e hōʻike ana i keʻano o ke kahawai e kahe ana ma waena o Binsfeld i like me kahi liʻiliʻi keʻokeʻo momona.

Hōʻikeʻoleʻia nāʻike o ka pilapili ma Germany, akā maʻAmelika, ua nui.

ʻO ka maloʻo mai nā mea kanu wela o Spangdahlem a me nā malaeʻe o Bitburg he mea haumia nui iʻole hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i nā kula. Akā, ua hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe Germans i ka hana, me ka hoʻonele i ka pōʻino o ka nohona.

Kūkuluʻo Günther Schneider i kahi hoʻopiʻi ma luna o ka PFAS a me ka hoʻoponopono houʻana i nā wahi haumia. I kēia manawa, ua ala leʻaleʻa ka poʻe Kelemānia i kēia pilikia nui o ka'āina. Ke nīnau nei lākou inā ua hoʻokōʻia ka pūʻali koa US ma lalo o nā kānāwai o nā aupuni'ē aʻe e mālama i nā kūlana o nā kānāwai.