Na David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Fepeluali 12, 2023
ʻO David Swanson ka mea kākau o ka puke hou ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine ma 200 a me ka mea e hoʻololi ai.
Me ka wehe ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua liʻiliʻi nā kaua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America. ʻO ka manaʻo moʻokalaleo e pale aku ka pūʻali koa nui i nā kaua, ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā lākou, e nānā pinepine iā Theodore Roosevelt e ʻōlelo ana e ʻōlelo mālie ʻo ʻAmelika akā e lawe i kahi lāʻau nui - kahi mea a ka Hope Pelekikena Roosevelt i ʻōlelo ai he ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻApelika ma kahi haʻiʻōlelo ma 1901 , ʻehā lā ma mua o ka make ʻana o Pelekikena William McKinley, a lilo ʻo Roosevelt i pelekikena.
ʻOiai he meaʻoluʻolu paha ke noʻonoʻo iā Roosevelt e pale ana i nā kaua ma ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana me kāna lāʻau, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa US ma mua o ka hōʻike wale ʻana ma Panama ma 1901, Kolombia i 1902, Honduras i 1903, ka Dominican Republic ma 1903, Suria. i 1903, Abyssinia i 1903, Panama i 1903, ka Dominican Republic i 1904, Morocco i 1904, Panama i 1904, Korea i 1904, Cuba i 1906, Honduras i 1907, a me ka Philippines i loko o kona pelekikena.
Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia nā 1920s a me 1930s i ka mōʻaukala o ʻAmelika ma ke ʻano he manawa maluhia, a i ʻole he manawa ʻoluʻolu loa e hoʻomanaʻo. Akā ʻo ke aupuni US a me nā hui ʻAmelika e ʻai ana iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua loaʻa iā United Fruit a me nā hui ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī, ko lākou mau alahao ponoʻī, kā lākou leka uila a me nā lawelawe kelepona a me ke kelepona, a me kā lākou poʻe kālai'āina ponoʻī. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Eduardo Galeano: "Ma Honduras, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka miula ma mua o ka hope, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele US ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua o nā pelekikena." Ua hana ka United Fruit Company i kona mau awa ponoi, kona mau dute, a me kona mau makai ponoi. Ua lilo ke kālā i kālā kūloko. I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka hahau ʻana ma Kolombia, ua pepehi nā mākaʻi i nā limahana maiʻa, e like me ka hana ʻana o nā pōā aupuni no nā hui US ma Kolombia no nā makahiki he nui e hiki mai ana.
I ka wā i noho pelekikena ai ʻo Hoover, inā ʻaʻole ma mua, ua hoʻomaopopo ke aupuni US i ka poʻe ma Latin America i hoʻomaopopo i nā huaʻōlelo "Monroe Doctrine" ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka Yankee imperialism. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Hoover ʻaʻole i ʻāpono ka Monroe Doctrine i nā hana kaua. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻo Hoover a me Franklin Roosevelt i nā pūʻali koa US mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki i ko lākou noho ʻana ma ka Canal Zone. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo FDR e loaʻa iā ia kahi kulekele "nohona maikaʻi".
Ma ka makahiki 1950, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻo ʻAmelika he hoalauna maikaʻi, e like me ka luna o ka lawelawe palekana-kūʻē-komunism. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻokahuli aupuni ma Iran i ka makahiki 1953, ua huli ka US i ʻAmelika Latin. Ma ka ʻumi ʻumi o Pan-America Conference ma Caracas i ka makahiki 1954, kākoʻo ke Kākau'ōlelo o ka Mokuʻāina ʻo John Foster Dulles i ka Monroe Doctrine a ua ʻōlelo wahaheʻe ʻo Soviet communism he mea hoʻoweliweli iā Guatemala. Ua ukali ʻia he kipi. A ʻoi aku ka hoʻokahuli aupuni.
ʻO kekahi aʻoaʻo i hoʻonui nui ʻia e ka luna hoʻomalu ʻo Bill Clinton i ka makahiki 1990 ʻo ia ka "kūʻai kūʻokoʻa" - manuahi wale nō inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka pōʻino i ke kaiapuni, nā kuleana o nā limahana, a i ʻole ke kūʻokoʻa mai nā hui multinational nui. Ua makemake ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a makemake mau paha, i hoʻokahi kuʻikahi kālepa kūʻokoʻa nui no nā lāhui āpau ma ʻAmelika koe wale nō ʻo Cuba a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia no ka wehe ʻana. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa iā ia ma 1994 ʻo NAFTA, ka North American Free Trade Agreement, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, a me Mexico i kāna mau ʻōlelo. E hahai ʻia kēia ma 2004 e CAFTA-DR, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, a me Nicaragua, e ukali ʻia e nā ʻaelike ʻē aʻe. a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā ʻaelike, me ka TPP, Trans-Pacific Partnership no nā lāhui e pili ana i ka Pākīpika, me ʻAmelika Latina; a hiki i kēia manawa ua pio ka TPP ma muli o kona kaulana ʻole i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua noi ʻo George W. Bush i kahi Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika ma ka Summit of the Americas i 2005, a ʻike ʻo ia i lanakila ʻia e Venezuela, Argentina, a me Brazil.
Ua lawe mai ʻo NAFTA a me kāna mau keiki i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i nā hui nui, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hui US e neʻe ana i ka hana i Mexico a me Central America i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka uku haʻahaʻa, ka liʻiliʻi o nā kuleana wahi hana, a me nā kūlana kaiapuni nāwaliwali. Ua hana lākou i nā pilina pāʻoihana, akā ʻaʻole nā pilina pilikanaka a moʻomeheu paha.
Ma Honduras i kēia lā, mālama ʻia nā "ʻāpana o ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai" i kaulana ʻole ʻia e ka US akā e nā hui pū kekahi e hoʻopiʻi ana i ke aupuni Honduran ma lalo o CAFTA. ʻO ka hopena he ʻano hou o ka filibustering a i ʻole repubalika maiʻa, kahi e kau ai ka mana hope loa me nā mea waiwai, kākoʻo nui ke aupuni US i ka hao wale ʻana, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia - a i ʻole i ka wā e hōʻike ai lākou i ka palena US. ua hewa. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokō aʻoaʻo haʻalulu, hiki i nā hui e hoʻokele ana i nā "ʻāpana" o Honduras, ma waho o ke kānāwai Honduran, hiki ke hoʻokau i nā kānāwai kūpono i kā lākou waiwai ponoʻī - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā a hiki iā lākou ke uku maʻalahi i ka US noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo e hoʻolaha i nā manaʻo e like me ke aupuni democracy. no ka mea, he aha ka mea i kū'ē i ke aupuni demokala.
ʻO David Swanson ka mea kākau o ka puke hou ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine ma 200 a me ka mea e hoʻololi ai.
