ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine he 200 a ʻaʻole pono e hōʻea i ka 201

Na David Swanson, World BEYOND War, Ianuali 17, 2023

ʻO David Swanson ka mea kākau o ka puke hou ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine ma 200 a me ka mea e hoʻololi ai.

ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine he kumu kūpono ia no nā hana, maikaʻi kekahi, ʻaʻohe manaʻo, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka hapa nui. Noho mau ka Monroe Doctrine, me ka maopopo a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻia i ka ʻōlelo hou. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻo hou ma luna o kona mau kumu. Eia nā ʻōlelo o ka Monroe Doctrine, e like me ke koho pono ʻana mai ka Pelekikena James Monroe State of the Union Address 200 makahiki i hala ma Dekemaba 2, 1823:

"Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa kūpono no ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kumu i komo ai nā kuleana a me nā pono o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo nā ʻāina ʻAmelika, ma ke kūlana kūʻokoʻa a lākou i manaʻo ai a mālama ai, ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo ʻia. ma ke ano he mau kumuhana no ka noho aupuni ana e na mana o Europa. . . .

"No laila, he ʻaiʻē mākou i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me nā pilina aloha e kū nei ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kēlā mau mana e haʻi aku e pono mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma kā lākou ʻaoʻao e hoʻonui i kā lākou ʻōnaehana i kekahi ʻāpana o kēia hemisphere he mea weliweli i ko mākou maluhia a palekana. . Me nā kolone a i ʻole nā ​​mea hilinaʻi o kekahi mana ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole mākou i keakea a ʻaʻole hoʻi e keakea. Aka, me na Aupuni i hai aku i ko lakou kuokoa a malama ia ia, a me ko lakou kuokoa i loaa ia makou, ma ka noonoo nui ana a me na kumu kupono, aole hiki ia makou ke nana aku i kekahi kuikahi no ka hookaumaha ia lakou, a me ka hoomalu ana ma kekahi ano e ae i ko lakou hopena. , e kekahi mana ʻEulopa ma kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi ʻano aloha aloha ʻole iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

ʻO kēia nā huaʻōlelo i kapa ʻia ʻo "Monroe Doctrine." Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia lākou mai kahi haʻiʻōlelo i ʻōlelo nui i ke ʻano o ke kūkākūkā maluhia me nā aupuni o ʻEulopa, ʻoiai e hoʻolauleʻa ana i ka lanakila ʻana a me ka noho ʻana o ka ʻōlelo i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻāina "noho ʻole" o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻAʻohe mea hou o ia mau kumuhana. ʻO ka mea hou, ʻo ia ka manaʻo e kūʻē hou i ka noho ʻana o ʻEulopa e ka poʻe ʻEulopa ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ka hoʻokele hewa ʻana o nā aupuni ʻEulopa a me ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻana o ka poʻe ma nā ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻO kēia haʻiʻōlelo, ʻoiai ʻoiai e hoʻohana pinepine ana i ka huaʻōlelo "the civilised world" e kuhikuhi iā ʻEulopa a me nā mea i hana ʻia e ʻEulopa, e kahakiʻi hoʻi i kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke ʻano o nā aupuni ma ʻAmelika a me ke ʻano i makemake ʻole ʻia i kekahi mau lāhui ʻEulopa. Hiki i kekahi ke ʻike ma aneʻi i ke kupuna o ke kaua i hoʻolaha ʻia nei o nā democracies kūʻē i nā autocracies.

ʻO ka Doctrine of Discovery - ka manaʻo e hiki i kahi lāhui ʻEulopa ke koi i kekahi ʻāina ʻaʻole i koi ʻia e nā lāhui ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, me ka nānā ʻole i ka poʻe e noho nei ma laila - mai ka makahiki ʻumikūmālima a me ka hale pule Katolika. Akā ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kānāwai ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 1823, ʻo ia ka makahiki like me kā Monroe haʻiʻōlelo. Ua waiho ʻia ma laila e ke hoa ola o Monroe, ʻo ka Lunakanawai Kiʻekiʻe ʻAmelika ʻo John Marshall. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ʻAmelika iā ia iho, ʻo ia wale nō paha ma waho o ʻEulopa, me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pono ʻike like me nā lāhui ʻEulopa. (Malia paha, ma Kekemapa 2022 kokoke i nā lāhui a pau o ka Honua i pūlima i ka ʻaelike e hoʻokaʻawale i 30% o ka ʻāina a me ke kai o ka Honua no nā holoholona hihiu ma ka makahiki 2030. Nā ʻokoʻa: ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka Vatican.)

I loko o nā hālāwai kuhina a hiki i ka Mokuʻāina ʻo Monroe i ka makahiki 1823, ua nui nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana iā Cuba a me Texas i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua manaʻo nui ʻia e makemake kēia mau wahi e hui. Ua like kēia me ka hana maʻamau a kēia mau lālā o ka ʻaha Kuhina no ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he colonialism a imperialism, akā ma ke ʻano he anti-colonial self-determination. Ma ke kūʻē ʻana i ka colonialism ʻEulopa, a ma ka manaʻoʻiʻo ʻana e koho kekahi e koho e lilo i ʻāpana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hiki i kēia mau kāne ke hoʻomaopopo i ka imperialism ma ke ʻano he anti-imperialism.

Ua loaʻa iā mākou ma ka haʻiʻōlelo a Monroe ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka manaʻo ʻo ka "pale" o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā mea mamao mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ke aupuni US i haʻi ai he "makemake" koʻikoʻi. lā. ʻO ka "2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States," e lawe i hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kaukani, e pili mau ana i ka pale ʻana i nā "makemake" a me nā "waiwai" US, i wehewehe ʻia e noho nei ma waho a me nā aupuni hui, a he ʻokoʻa mai ka United States. Mokuʻāina a i ʻole ka "ʻāina hānau." ʻAʻole kēia he mea hou me ka Monroe Doctrine. Inā paha, ʻaʻole hiki i ka Pelekikena Monroe ke ʻōlelo ma ia ʻōlelo hoʻokahi, "ua mālama ʻia ka ikaika maʻamau ma ke Kai Mediterranean, ka Moana Pākīpika, a ma nā kahakai ʻo Atelanika, a ua hāʻawi i ka palekana kūpono i kā mākou kalepa ma ia mau kai. .” ʻO Monroe, ka mea nāna i kūʻai aku i ka Louisiana Purchase mai iā Napoleona no ka Pelekikena Thomas Jefferson, ua hoʻonui aku ʻo ia i nā kuleana o ʻAmelika ma ke komohana a hiki i ka Pākīpika a ma ka ʻōlelo mua o ka Monroe Doctrine e kūʻē ana i ka noho aupuni ʻana o Rūsia ma kahi ʻāpana o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau mamao loa mai ka palena komohana o. Missouri a i ʻole ʻIlinoi. ʻO ka hana o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mea i waiho ʻia ma lalo o ke poʻo poʻomanaʻo o nā "makemake" e like me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kaua ua hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka Monroe Doctrine a ma hope mai e nā aʻo a me nā hana i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o kona kumu.

Loaʻa iā mākou, ma ka ʻōlelo e hoʻopuni ana i ka Doctrine, ka wehewehe ʻana he mea hoʻoweliweli i nā "makemake" US o ka hiki ke "pono ​​nā mana hui e hoʻonui i kā lākou ʻōnaehana politika i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina [ʻAmelika]." ʻO nā mana hui, ʻo ka Holy Alliance, a i ʻole ka Grand Alliance, he hui kuikahi o nā aupuni mōʻī ma Prussia, Austria, a me Rusia, i kū no ka pono akua o nā mōʻī, a kūʻē i ka demokala a me ka hoʻomana. ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea kaua i Ukraine a me nā hoʻopaʻi kūʻē iā Rūsia ma 2022, ma ka inoa o ka pale ʻana i ka demokala mai ka autocracy Lūkini, he ʻāpana o kahi moʻomeheu lōʻihi a ʻaʻole i haki ʻia e hoʻi i ka Monroe Doctrine. ʻAʻole paha ʻo Ukraine i ke aupuni democracy, a ʻo ke aupuni US nā mea kaua, nā kaʻaahi, a me ke kālā i nā pūʻali koa o ka hapa nui o nā aupuni hoʻokaumaha loa ma ka Honua e kūlike me nā hoʻokamani i hala o ka ʻōlelo a me ka hana. ʻO ke kauā ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o Monroe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke aupuni democracy ma mua o ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kēia lā. ʻO nā aupuni ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i haʻi ʻole ʻia i loko o nā ʻōlelo a Monroe, akā hiki ke nānā i mua e luku ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke Komohana (ʻo kekahi o nā aupuni i lilo i mea hoʻoikaika nui no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke aupuni US e like me kekahi mea ma ʻEulopa), Demokalaka ma mua o nā lāhui ʻAmelika Latin e ʻōlelo nei ʻo Monroe e pale aku akā ʻo ke aupuni US e hana pinepine i ke kū'ē i ka pale ʻana.

ʻO kēlā mau mea kaua i hoʻouna ʻia i Ukraine, nā hoʻopaʻi kūʻē iā Rūsia, a me nā pūʻali koa US i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻEulopa, i ka manawa like, he uhaki i ke kuʻuna i kākoʻo ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo a Monroe no ka haʻalele ʻana i nā kaua ʻEulopa inā paha, e like me kā Monroe i ʻōlelo ai, ʻaʻole hiki i Sepania ke lanakila. ” nā mana kūʻē i ka democratic o ia lā. ʻO kēia moʻomeheu hoʻokaʻawale, lōʻihi ka mana a me ka kūleʻa, a ʻaʻole naʻe i hoʻopau ʻia, ua hoʻopau ʻia e ka US komo ʻana i nā kaua honua ʻelua, mai ia manawa ʻaʻole i haʻalele nā ​​kahua kaua o US, a me ka ʻike o ke aupuni US i kāna mau "pono" ʻEulopa. Akā i ka makahiki 2000, ua holo ʻo Patrick Buchanan no ka pelekikena ʻo ʻAmelika ma ke kahua o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka noi a Monroe Doctrine no ka noho kaʻawale a me ka pale ʻana i nā kaua haole.

ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine hoʻi i hoʻonui i ka manaʻo, e ola mau nei i kēia lā, hiki i kahi pelekikena US, ma mua o ka US Congress, ke hoʻoholo i kahi a me ka mea e hele ai ʻo ʻAmelika i ke kaua - ʻaʻole wale he kaua koke, akā kekahi helu. o na kaua e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine, he kumu hoʻohālike mua ia o ka "ʻae no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻali koa" e ʻae ana i kekahi helu o nā kaua, a me ke ʻano i aloha nui ʻia e ka US media outlets i kēia lā o "ka huki ʻana i kahi laina ʻulaʻula. .” Ke ulu nei ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, he mea maʻamau no nā makahiki he nui no ka US media e koi aku i ka pelekikena o ʻAmelika e "kau i kahi laina ʻulaʻula" e hana ana i ka United States i ke kaua, ʻaʻole wale i nā kuʻikahi i pāpā. ʻAʻole wale ka manaʻo i hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma ka haʻiʻōlelo hoʻokahi i loko o ka Monroe Doctrine e hoʻoholo ai nā kānaka i ke ʻano o ke aupuni, akā ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mana kaua i ke Kumukānāwai ma ka ʻAhaʻōlelo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā koi a me ke koi ʻana i ka hahai ʻana ma nā "laina ʻulaʻula" ma ka pāpaho US me nā manaʻo e:

• E hoʻomaka ana ʻo Pelekikena Barack Obama i ke kaua nui ma Suria inā hoʻohana ʻo Suria i nā mea kaua kemika,
• E hoʻouka kaua ʻo Pelekikena Donald Trump iā Iran inā kūʻē nā proxies Iran i nā pono US,
• E hoʻouka pololei ʻo Pelekikena Biden iā Rūsia me nā pūʻali koa US inā hoʻouka ʻo Rūsia i kahi lālā NATO.

ʻO David Swanson ka mea kākau o ka puke hou ʻO ka Monroe Doctrine ma 200 a me ka mea e hoʻololi ai.