ʻO ka pahu wili pahu kaua

Na Joyce Nelson, Ianuali 30, 2020

mai ka Nā Kenela Kauka

ʻAʻohe nīnau i kēlā, ma waena o ka Honua, ka mea hoʻohana nui i nā wahie fossil ka pūʻali koa. ʻO kēlā mau pahu hoʻokalakupua a ke kaʻa ukali, nā mākaʻi, nā moku kūlia, nā ʻoihana lawe kai, ʻo Iona, nā helikopter, nā humve, a me nā pahu i puhi ai i ka nui o nā diesel, a me nā kinipōpō i kēlā me kēia lā, e hana ana i ka nui o nā molika carbon. No laila, manaʻo paha ʻoe e pili ana nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke aniau e pili ana i ka ʻōlaika carbon carbon, a i ʻole e waiho ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā hopohopo.

Akā ʻoe hewa. Ma waho aʻe o nā leo kani wale ʻana, ka manaʻo o ka pūʻali koa mai ka kūkā kū ʻana o ke ʻano mākaukau.

I kēlā ʻike ʻia i nā lā ma Dekemaba 2019, i ka hui pū ʻana o ka NATO ma ka wehe ʻana o COP25 i Sepania. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka NATO ua kokoke loa i luna o ka harangue o ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka hale o nā keʻena o ka NATO ʻaʻole i lawa nā lilo o nā lālā o ka pūʻali koa. Ma laila, ua pili ʻo COP25 i nā mākeke carbon "a hāʻule nā ​​aupuni i hope o kā lākou hana i ka 2015 Paris Accord.

ʻO kēlā mau ʻāpana "silos" ʻelua i hui pū ʻia e hōʻike i ka nūhou o ka hana ma hope o: Akā e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei, pāpā ʻole ʻia ke kūkākūkā ʻana ma nā palena kiʻekiʻe loa.

Ka Māla Pūnaewele ʻAmelika

Ua ʻike ʻia kēlā kuʻikahi like ʻole i ka wā koho koho pelekikena o Kanada ma Kanada, a ua haʻi ʻia mākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke anā. Akā i ka manawa o ka hoʻolaha, kahi hiki i kaʻu ke hoʻoholo ai, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kahi mea hoʻokahi no ka manaʻo o ke aupuni Trudeau Liberal a i ka hala ʻana he $ 2019 biliona "kālā" hou no ka pūʻali koa, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lilo ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Kanada ma mua o $ 62 biliona i nā makahiki 553 aʻe. Aia kā ka kālā kālā he $ 20 bilily no 30 mau kēke manu kaua hou a me 88 mau kaua hou ma 15.

Hana ʻia e kūkulu i kēlā mau paena jet he 88 e hoʻouna iā Spring 2020, me Boeing, Lockheed Martin, a me Saab i nā hoʻokūkū ikaika no nā kuʻikahi ma Kanada.

ʻO ka mahalo, ua loaʻa iā News Postmedia hoike o nā mea hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe ʻelua, ʻo Boeing's Super Hornet jet jet "e pili ana i ka $ 18,000 [USD] i hoʻokahi hola e hana e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka [Lockheed Martin] F-35 ma kahi o $ 44,000" i hoʻokahi hola.

Kuhi ka poʻe heluhelu e uku ʻia ana nā mākaʻi o ka pūʻali koa i ka uku o ka CEO, he mea nui ia e ʻōlelo he mea hoʻowahāwahā ka waiwai o ka pūʻali koa āpau, a kōkua i kēlā me nā uku hana kiʻekiʻe. Neta Crawford ʻO Ke Kulanui o Pokona ʻO Boston's co-kākau ʻia o ka hōʻike e pili ana i ka hōʻike 2019 Ka Pentagon Whakamahana Hulu, Ka Huliau Honua, a me nā Koina o ke Kaua, ua hoʻomaopopo no ka nui o nā pahu hakakā he nui ʻole i ka wahie ka mea i ana ʻia ka hana ʻana i ka "galona no hoʻokahi mile" ʻaʻole mile i hoʻokahi galani, no laila, "hiki i hoʻokahi mokulele ke loaʻa ʻelima mau mile i hoʻokahi mile." Loaʻa iā Abrams ma kahi o 1 mau mile i ke galani.

ʻO ka hoʻohana a ka Pentagon

E like me ka Nā Koina o ke Kaua hōʻike mai ka Watson Institute ma Brown University, ʻo ka US Department of Defense "ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohana nui loa" i nā ʻoihana fossil ma ka honua, a ʻo "ka mea hana nui loa o nā hale hau (GHG) ma ka honua." kahi like like me ke ʻano koa like 2019 e paʻi ʻia e Oliver Belcher, ʻO Benjamin Neimark, a me Patrick Bigger mai nā Durham a me Lancaster University, i kapa ʻia ʻo Nā kinikina heʻe ʻana o ka 'ʻIla Kūʻai'. Ua hōʻike ʻo kēlā me kēia e pili ana i nā "koa mokulele a me nā kaua kaua, ka mea e pani ana i ka pūʻali koa US i kahi hydrocarbons no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana." Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia no nā ʻāina ʻē (e like me Kanada) e kūʻai nei i ka lako kaua.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻoi loa i ka makahiki 2017 wale nō, ua kūʻai ka pūʻali koa US e 269,230 mau pahu hinu i kēlā me kēia lā a ua kūʻai ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 8.6 biliona no ka wahie no ka ʻūhū, ka pūʻali koa, ka navy, a me nā marine Akā ʻo 269,230 helu bpd wale nō no ka hoʻohana 'ʻana i ka ʻikepili' hana - hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻohana, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea kaua - ʻo ia ka 70% o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wahie o ka pūʻali koa. ʻAʻole i loko o kēia helu i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohana 'fuel mea hoʻohana' - nā fossil fuahi i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i nā waihona o ka ʻĀina a me nā pae ʻē aʻe o ka pūʻali koa US, ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi ma mua o ka honua a puni ka moʻolelo no 1,000% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie hana kaua US.

E like me Gar Smith, ka mea hoʻoponopono nūpepa o ka World Island Journal. hoike ma 2016, "Ua hōʻoia ka Pentagon e puhi i ka 350,000 mau aila hinu i ka lā (ua 35 wale nō mau ʻāina ma ka honua nei e hoʻopau hou aku)."

Ka Elephant i ka lumi

I loko o kahi ʻāpana kūikawā, ʻO ka Pentagon:ʻO ka Elephant Climate, i paʻi mua ʻia e ka International Action Center a me Global Research, ʻo Sara Flounders i kākau ʻia i 2014: "Aia kekahi elepani i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kulekele i hiki ʻole ke kūkala ʻia a ʻike ʻia paha e ka noi ʻana o ʻAmelika." ʻO kēlā elephant ka mea ʻo ia ka "Pentagon he pale aku ʻokoʻa i nā ʻikepili pili honua āpau. Mai ka manawa o ka kūkākūkā [COP4] Kyoto Protocol i 1998, i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia e US, ua ʻae ʻia nā hana koa kaua āpau a puni ka honua ma US a i loko o ka ana ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​kuʻikahi ma ka hōʻemi o [GHG]. "

Ma kēia mau kūkākūkā 1997-1998 COP4, hoʻoikaika ka Pentagon i kēia "hāʻawi palekana palekana o ke aupuni," e hāʻawi nei iā ia i ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana mai ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana - a hōʻike pūleʻa paha - ʻo kāna mau mea ʻauʻau hau ona. Eia nō naʻe, ua koi ka pūʻali koa US i ka 1998 i ka wā e kūkākūkā ana i nā wā e pili ana i ke aniau, ua pale maoli ʻia nā luna e kūkākūkā ana no ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā carbon carbon. ʻOiai inā makemake lākou e kūkākūkā i kēlā, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou.

Wahi a Flounders, ʻo ka hoʻokele palekana palekana aupuni ka "lawelawe āpau āpau e like me ke ʻano nui o ʻAmelika i kauoha ai i ka pūʻali koa NATO a me AFRICOM [ke Komisina ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻĀpana koa ʻo US i kēia manawa e pani nei i ʻAmelika."

Ka hao wale ʻia o ka US ma lalo o George W. Bush a laila hōʻole lākou e hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka Kyoto Protocol. Ua ukali ʻo Kanada ma ka hana, ua haʻalele mai Kyoto ma 2011.

Nā Koina o ke Kaua ua hāʻawi ka mea kākau ʻo Neta Crawford i nā mea e hoʻomālamalama hou aku ai i kēia hoʻokele kaua. I loko o kahi hālāwai kūkākūkā i Iulai 2019, Crawford i haʻi aku i ka hāʻawi o ka palekana o ka nūnū "e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahie bunker hana koa a me nā hana a ka pūʻali koa i ke kaua mai ka helu ʻia ʻana o ka puʻukui [GHG]. Pau kēlā no kēlā me kēia'āina. ʻAʻole ʻia kahi ʻāina i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā mau lewa. No laila ʻaʻole 'okahi i [ka US] ma kēlā.

No laila, i ka makahiki 1998, loaʻa ka US i kahi noʻeau no nā militaries 'āpau mai ka hōʻike ʻana i a i ʻole, i ka hōʻoki ʻana paha i kā lākou mau mea hoʻoiho carbon. Loaʻa kēia kuleana i ke kaua a me ka pūʻali koa (ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka pūʻali koa āpau holoʻokoʻa) i pakele i ka leka no nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala, a ʻo ka poʻe hana hoʻomehana.

Ma ka mea hiki i koʻu hiki ke hoʻoholo, ʻaʻohe ʻikepili kūkākūkā a i ʻole ka politika a me ka hui ʻo Green Green i puhi ʻole i ka pīpī a i ʻole ua haʻi ʻia i kēia mau ʻano koa o ka pūʻali i ka paʻi.

ʻOiai, e like me ka mea noiʻi Kānia, Tamara Lorincz, nāna i kākau i kahi pepa hana hana 2014 i kapa ʻia Ke hoʻoliʻi nei no ka Decarbonization hohonu no ka Swiss-International Peace Bureau, i ka makahiki 1997 "i laila ʻo ʻAmelika Pelekikena Al Gore i hui pū ʻia i ko ʻAmelika hui kūkākūkā ma Kyoto," a ua hiki ke noho me ka hoʻāmi kaua o ka pūʻali koa.

ʻOi aku kahi'ōlohi hou, i ka 2019 op-ed no ka mea, o ka ʻO ka New York Review o nā puke, pale aku ʻo Bill McKibben i ka pale o ka puʻukaua o ka pūʻali koa, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana o ka "hoʻohana ʻana o ka Pentagon i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā ikaika ma hope o nā lehulehu kīwila," a "ua hana maoli ka pūʻali koa i kahi hana nui-pīhoihoi o ka hoʻokele ʻana i kāna mau hoʻoiho. . "

I nā hālāwai COP21 i alakaʻi i ka 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ʻae i kēlā me kēia aupuni i ka ʻāina e hoʻoholo ai he aha nā ʻāina kūloko e ʻoki ai i nā hōʻhemo ma mua o ka makahiki 2030. "ʻO ka ʻona hana) pono ke mālama ʻia.

Ma Kanada, ma ka hōʻike ʻana, ma hope koke iho o ke koho ʻana i ke aupuni pekelala ka Poepoe & Leka hoike ua koho hou ʻia o ke aupuni ʻo Liberal koho i ʻehiku mau pūʻulu e hana i nā "nui" nui i ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā kōʻai carbon: ʻOihana kālā, Global Affairs, Hoʻohālikelike, ʻepekema a me ka Hoʻōhoʻenehana, ʻĀwīwī, Nā Kūlana Kūlohelohe, Intergovernmental Affairs, a me ka Pono. Conspicuously absent ʻo ka 'Oihana Keena Oihana Kāleka (DND). Ma kāna pūnaewele, ʻo ka DND ka ʻimi i kāna mau "hoʻoikaika e hoʻokō a nui aku paha" ke kōkō o ka federal federally, akā he mau mea ʻo ia mau hana ke "ʻae ʻana i nā pūʻali koa" - ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nui o nā mea kaua a ke ahi e hoʻopau ai i ka wahie.

I Nowemapa 2019, ʻo ka Green Budget Coalition - i loaʻa kekahi o nā 22 alakaʻi Kanada a Kanaka - hoʻokuʻu i kāna Nā 2020 mau ʻoni ʻoki ʻoki no nā keʻena federal, akā, ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o nā pūʻali koa GHG a i ʻole ka DND ponoʻī. A ʻo kahi hopena, hoʻomake ka pūʻali koa / huli kaua "cone of silence" mau.

Kaha 526

I ka makahiki 2010, ua hōʻike ʻo ka mea loiloi kaua Nick Turse i ka US Department of Defense (DOD) i hāʻawi i nā helu he nui miliona o ke kālā no nā ʻenehana ikaika i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka hapa nui o ke kālā e kūʻai ai i nā wahie ʻalima. ʻO kēlā mau kirimana DOD (pono ma mua o $ 16 biliona ma 2009) e hele nui loa i nā mea kūʻai mai petrolea e like me Shell, ExxonMobil, Valero, a me BP (nā hui i kapa ʻia e Turse).

ʻO kēia mau hui āpau a ua komo i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka palaoa sands.

I ka makahiki 2007, ke kūkākūkā nei nā loio US no ka US Energy Security a me ke kānāwai kūʻokoʻa. Ua hopohopo kekahi poʻe palekona e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke aniau, e alakaʻi ʻia ana e ka ʻaha kanaka Democrates Henry Waxman, i hoʻokomo i kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo Pauku 526, ʻaʻole i ʻāpono ʻia nā keʻena aupuni a US paha e kūʻai i nā wahie fossil e loaʻa i kahi wāwae carbon carbon.

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka DOD ma o ka hapa nui o ka keʻena aupuni nui e kūʻai ana i nā wahie fossil, Ua kuhikuhi pono ʻia ka Pauku 526 ma DOD. A hāʻawi mai i ka hana o ka hana ʻana, hana hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, a me ka puhi ʻana o nā mea hōʻino polū o Alberta i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi o 23% e hoʻopiʻi hou aku i nā GHG ma mua o ka ʻaila maʻamau, ua kuhikuhi pono ʻia ka paukū 526 i nā wai kau leona (a me nā ʻaila kaumaha).

Ua kākau ʻo Waxman, "i kēia ʻoihana e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻole nā ​​koena o ka federal i ka hoʻolimalima kālā kālā ma nā wahie hou e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻomehana honua."

ʻO kekahi mea, ua nānā ʻia ka hapa 526 e ka lobby ʻaila ikaika ma Wakinekona a ua lilo ia i kānāwai ma ka US i 2007, e koi ana i ka neʻe ʻana o Canada e lele i ka hana.

As ʻO ka Tyee'o Geoff Dembicki kakau iho la mau makahiki ma hope mai (15 Malaki 2011), "ʻO nā limahana lawena Kanaka ma ka mua o Pepeluali ma ka 2008 ua kau aku i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka American Petroleum Institute, ExxonMobil, BP, Chevron, Marathon, Devon, a me Encana, ua hōʻike ʻia nā leka uila o loko."

Ua hoʻokumu ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻAmelika i kahi ʻāpana 526 "pūʻulu hana" i hui pū me nā limahana kalepa o Kanaka a me nā ʻelele ʻo Alberta, ʻoiai ke kelepona o Kanata ma US i kēlā manawa, ua kākau ʻo Michael Wilson i "Kakauolelo Helene o US i kēlā mahina, me ka haʻi ʻana ʻaʻole i Kanada. Makemake e ʻike i ka Paukū 526 i hoʻopili ʻia i nā wahie fossil i hoʻopiha ʻia mai ka ʻona aila o Alberta, ”kākau ʻo Dembicki.

Ua hoʻāʻo paha ka leka a Wilson e mālama e hoʻopihapiha i nā ʻoihana hoʻokaʻawa nui i hoʻopuka ʻia e DOD i nā hui (e like me Shell, ExxonMobil, Valero, a me BP) i pili i nā pā ipuhao?

Ua hana ʻo ka limu loa. Ua hōʻole ka ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa o ka DOD no ka mana o ka mana, ka Defense Logistics Agency - Energy, ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka Pauku 526 e pili i, a i ʻole hoʻololi, i kāna hana kūmole, a ma hope iho me ka hakakā like me ka pauku 526 i kau ʻia e nā hui kaiaulu US.

Ma 2013, ua haʻi ʻo Tom Corcoran, ka luna hoʻokele ma ke kahua o Wakinekona Center ma North American Energy Security ʻO ka poepoe honua a me ka leka uila ma 2013, "e ʻōlelo wau he lanakila lanakila no nā mea hana hinu hinu a Kanada no ka mea, hoʻolako lākou i kahi kālā nui o ka aila wai launa hou ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia i ka huahana no ka ʻOihana o ke Kānāwai."

“Manaʻo Kūpono”

I Nowemapa 2019, ua kākau ʻo Pelekikena mua ʻo Jimmy Carter i ka poʻe i hoʻopiʻi ʻia op-ed no ka mea, Ka Wahina Pūnaewele, me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa "ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wahine a me nā kaikamahine" i hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia pōpilikia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he pōʻino loa ke ʻano o ke anuanu, a ʻo ka manawa kūpono no ka hana ʻoi aku ka pōkole, pono mākou e hooki "i ke kihi o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a puni ka honua" a "e noʻonoʻo nui, hana wikiwiki, a komo i nā mea āpau."

ʻAʻole naʻe i haʻi iki ʻo Carter i ka pūʻali koa, ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o kāna wehewehe ʻana o "ka poʻe āpau."

Inā ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻomaka e "manaʻo nui" a hana e wehe i ka mīkini kaua (a ʻo NATO), he liʻiliʻi ka manaʻo. ʻOiai ke koena o mākou e hoʻowalewale i ka neʻe ʻana i ka carbon-future e hiki mai ana, ka pūʻali koa i ka mea i puhi ʻia e ka ahi āpau e makemake ai i kāna hana no ka kaua mau loa ʻana - kahi kūlana e kū nei no ka nui o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole e pili ana i ka pūʻali koa ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke aniani i ka hōʻike a ʻokiʻoki.

ʻO ka mea hou a ka mea kākau e hōʻike nei iā Joyce Nelson, Hoʻopau nā Dystopia Bypassing, i paʻi ʻia e nā puke a Watershed Sentinel.