ʻO ke keiki ma Los Alamos nāna i hāʻawi i nā mea huna i ka Soviet Union

Na David Swanson, World BEYOND War,'Aukake 17, 2023

ʻO kekahi o nā kānaka ʻepekema ma Los Alamos me Oppenheimer he 18 mau makahiki. ʻOiai ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Oppenheimer ma ke akea a me ka hoʻopiʻi hewa ʻana no ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana no ka Societ Union, ua hāʻawi maoli kēia kanaka ʻōpio i nā mea huna nui loa mai Los Alamos i nā Soviets, a ua koho ke aupuni US ʻaʻole e hoʻopaʻi iā ia. A aia kekahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou a ka luna hoʻokele i koho ʻia no Oscar ʻelua e pili ana i kēia kanaka ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻano he kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o Oppenheimer, ma kahi hapa no ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka poʻe maoli i pili, me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō hana hou ia na mea keaka.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe i lohe i ka inoa o Ted Hall. ʻO ka Hawaii Post manual o kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni, He Kiu Aloha, kapa ia he footnote i Oppenheimer. Ke ʻōlelo nei ka loiloi like ʻo ke kumu wale nō ʻaʻole i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Hall no ka mea ua aʻo ke aupuni US e pili ana iā ia mai nā uwea Lūkini a ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Rūsia e ʻike ua holomua ka US i kāna mau uwea. ʻO ka Post hoʻāhewa ʻo ia i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni no ka hoʻokani ʻole ʻana i kēlā. Akā ʻaʻole haʻi wale ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni iā ​​mākou i kēlā moʻolelo, akā haʻi pū kekahi iā mākou - mai ka helehelena a me ka leo o Ted Hall ponoʻī - ʻo ke kumu ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia kona kaikunāne ʻo Ed Hall, ʻo ia ka mea ʻepekema rocket kiʻekiʻe o ka pūʻali koa US, ke kanaka. ʻO mākou ka hewa nui no nā missiles ballistic intercontinental - nā mea hana no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā pōkā a Ted i kōkua ai i ka haku. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kekahi o nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo Dave Lindorff, ua haiia no ke koʻikoʻi o ia kumu, ʻo ia paha ka mea i lawa iā ia iho no ka mālama ʻana iā Ted Hall i waho o ka hale paʻahao a me ka noho uila. ʻO Lindorff ua kūkākūkā kēia ma kaʻu hōʻike lekiō.

Ua kapa ʻia ka puke e hiki mai ana a Lindorff Spy for No Country: Ted Hall: The Teenage Atomic Spy nāna i hoʻopakele i ka honua. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke kali i ka heluhelu ʻana, akā ua nānā au i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a hui pū wau i ka paipai ʻana He Kiu Aloha me ʻO Roger Ebert, ke Kahu, ke Kahu (hou), The New York Times, ka Ka Pilapala o nā Atomic Scientists, ka ʻO Chicago Sun Times, ʻano, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia kahi i kiai ia. Eia ka nāmua kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

ʻAʻole hiki i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni ke haʻi iā mākou inā ua hana pololei ʻo Theodore Hall, a me kāna hoaaloha nāna i kōkua iā Saville Sax. Loaʻa i nā manaʻo o ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo ua hoʻopakele ʻo Hall i ka honua a me nā poʻe i manaʻo nui ua pana ʻia ʻo ia. 'Ōleloʻo Hall, ma kahi hālāwai ninaninau mai 1998, ua hanaʻo ia me ke aloha a ua hanaʻo ia e pale i ka poʻe Soviet a me ka poʻe o ka honua. Wahi a ka wahine a Hall, ua haʻi ʻo ia iā ia inā ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea weliweli a pau e pili ana iā Joseph Stalin, ʻaʻole paha ʻo ia ka ʻōpū e hana i kāna hana - akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hana ʻole.

ʻAʻole wale ʻo Hall i aloha iā Rūsia, a no ka politika hema, akā - ʻoiai ke kōkua nei ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻomanaʻo mai iā mākou - i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, he hoa pili ka Soviet Union no ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ʻo kekahi e hana nui ana i ka pepehi kanaka a me ka make. i ke kaua. Ua hoʻolauleʻa ka poʻe media nui a me ka poʻe kālai'āina iā Rūsia ma ke ʻano he hoaaloha maikaʻi loa a me ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻokomo ka poʻe i nā mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa bumper ma kā lākou mau kaʻa e koi ana i kahi lua mua ma ʻEulopa e kōkua i ka poʻe Lūkini koa. Hana ʻo Hollywood i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻonani iā ​​​​Rusia. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema he nui ma Los Alamos e hoʻokomo ʻia nā Soviets i ka Manhattan Project - a ʻaʻole hoʻi e pana ʻia ʻo Iapana.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike o Hall ua hoʻolālā ke aupuni US e mālama i ka Soviet Union ma ke ʻano he ʻenemi i ka manawa i pau ai ke kaua i alakaʻi iā ia e kaʻana like i nā mea huna nuklea. ʻO Klaus Fuchs (i ʻōlelo ʻia ma Oppenheimer, ʻaʻole like ʻo Hall) e hana like ana, a ʻo kēia mau kumu kūʻokoʻa ʻelua o ka ʻike ʻoi aku - ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e kekahi i kekahi - i ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o nā Lūkini ma o ka ʻike o kēlā me kēia.

Ua makemake ʻo Hall e pale i kahi hoʻouka kaua nuklea US, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o nā pōkā, ma ka Soviet Union. Ua hana anei ia? ʻAe, ʻike mākou ua hana ʻo US i kēlā mau hoʻolālā a kūkulu i nā pōpoki no ia. Ua ʻike mākou ua hoʻoweliweli ʻo Pelekikena Truman i ka nuke iā Rūsia i ka wā i neʻe ai ʻo Rūsia i nā pūʻali koa kokoke i Iran - ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka US iā Rūsia mai ke kaʻana ʻana i ka aila Iranian. Loaʻa iā mākou nā manaʻo o ka poʻe loea ua hoʻolalelale ʻo Hall a me Fuchs i nā Soviets i ʻelima mau makahiki. Akā, pehea mākou e ʻike ai? A pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i ka wikiwiki ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana ʻaʻole i alakaʻi i ka apocalypse nuklea a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana a hoʻohana ʻia paha nā pōpoki - a i ʻole?

Pono anei ʻo Hall e hāʻawi i nā mea huna i kahi aupuni honua? ʻAʻole hoʻokahi.

Ua pono anei ia ia ke haawi aku i na aupuni e ae? ʻO nā mea hea?

Pono anei ʻo ia e hoʻolaha aku iā lākou? ʻAʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole inā hiki iā ia, ʻoiai ʻo ia nā mea ʻino a pau o ka hoʻonui ʻana me ka ʻole o ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana.

Pono anei ʻo Hall e haʻalele a kūʻē? ʻAe, ua hana kekahi i kēlā. Ua kōkua paha kekahi? ʻAe, pono paha e hoʻāʻo kekahi mea nāna i hoʻohuli i ke kanaka nāna i hana i nā ICBM. ʻAʻole paha. ʻO wai ka mea ʻike?

Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Hall i ka haʻi ʻana i ka manaʻolana makehewa o ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka Rosenbergs, ka mea āna i ʻike ai - ʻo ka hapa nui loa - hewa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kāna. Pono anei iā ia?

Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia e haʻi wale aku i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Pono anei iā ia?

Ua hoʻopilikia ka FBI iā Hall no nā makahiki ma hope o ka nīnau ʻana iā ia a hana iā ia i kahi mea a Oppenheimer i hoʻāʻo ʻole ai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻole ʻana e kamaʻilio me lākou. Ua makaʻu ʻo Hall a me kāna wahine i ka hoʻohilahila ʻia i mua o kā lākou mau hoaaloha a me kā lākou ʻohana - ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻohe mea e ʻae i ka hana a Hall. Akā naʻe, ua nīnauele lākou ma hope - a ua hana kekahi i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni - e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻolana e ʻae nā kānaka i ka mea a Ted Hall i hana ai. Akā, pono anei iā mākou?

A inā mākou e leʻaleʻa i ka hiki ke hana ʻo Ted Hall i kahi mea maikaʻi - ma hope o ke komo ʻana i kahi mea weliweli - hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe ʻo ka mea i makemake nui ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana - a ʻo ke aupuni honua ʻo Oppenheimer ke kanaka, akā ʻaʻole ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni. makemake - a ʻaʻole ka hoʻonui? He Kiu Aloha hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka Oppenheimer o ke ao ana ia makou. Hōʻike pū ia iā mākou i ka poʻe Iapana i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Aia pū kekahi me ka hoʻopiʻi maopopo ʻana i nā wahaheʻe e piʻi nei a Truman i hoʻomaka ʻia he 20,000 a i ka hopena he 1 miliona mau pūʻali koa US i hoʻopakele ʻia ma ka pepehi ʻana i 200,000 poʻe. He Kiu Aloha hōʻike mai iā mākou i ke wikiō o Truman e wahaheʻe ana he kahua kaua ʻo Hiroshima (he ʻōlelo hoʻopunipuni i hoʻoponopono ʻia Oppenheimer). ʻIke mākou iā Truman - e like me George W. Bush i loko Fahrenheit 911 — ʻakaʻaka a ʻakaʻaka ma mua o kona moe ʻana ma ka pahupaʻikiʻi.

ʻO ka nīnau e like me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni no ka poʻe kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kēia manawa: hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo?