mai ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
Ua hōʻoia ka pilikia o ka hana kōkua kanaka i kekahi o nā politika i waiho ʻia i ka wā ma hope o ke Kaua Cold. I ka hana hoʻomāinoino lehulehu ma Rwanda, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Darfur, Libya, a me Suria, ua haʻalele ka hapa nui o ka poʻe leftist i ko lākou kūʻē kūʻē i ka militarism a hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ka hoʻoikaika ikaika ʻana o ka pūʻali koa e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā mea kōkua iā ia e hōʻemi i kēia mau pilikia. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe loiloi i ka pane ʻana e hoʻopau ka intervenism i nā worsening e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonā. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia kēia mau pilikia ma ka Oxford Union Society ma ke Kulanui ʻo Oxford ma Malaki 4, 2019. ʻO nā mea i komo ʻo Michael Chertoff - ke Kākauʻōlelo o Homeland Security i ka wā o ka pelekikena o George W. Bush a me ka mea kākau o ka USA Patriot Act - nāna i hōʻike i kahi mākaukau. pale i ka hana kōkua kanaka; aʻo wau iho, ka mea i hakakā kū'ē i ka hana.
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka wā aʻu i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ai i kēia pilikia, ua loʻohia wau e ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomana haipule e like me ke kākoʻo no ka intervenism. "Pono mākou e hana i kekahi mea!" ʻo ia ka pale maʻamau. ʻO nā mea i hāʻawi i nā hoʻopiʻi - me aʻu iho - ua hoʻolei ʻia ma ke ʻano he heretics aloha ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā hana hou ʻole o ka intervenism aʻu e kahakaha ai ma lalo ua lawe i kā lākou uku a ua lawelawe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kani. I ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Oxford, ua ʻike wau i ka hele a kupaianaha o ka manaʻo. Ua hele mai wau mai ka hanana e ʻike ana, ʻoiai e pale ana kekahi i ke kōkua kanaka, ua nele kā lākou mau paio i ka leo crusading i mahalo nui ʻia i ka wā ma mua. ʻIke wau i ke kākoʻo lehulehu no ka intervenism e hoʻomaka nei e hāʻule.
ʻO ka mea e pili nei he'ōlelo hōʻailona o nā hua'ōlelo piha aʻu a me Mr. Chertoff, a me kā mākou mau pane i nā nīnau i hōʻikeʻia e ke kumukānāwai a me kekahi lā o ka hālāwai. No nā kumu o ka haʻiʻana, ua haʻalele wau i nā nīnau he nui loa, a me nā pane. Hiki i nā mea heluhelu makemake nui keʻimi i ka paio nui ma ka'Oxford Union Youtube pūnaewele.
ʻO Daniel Wilkinson, ka Pelekikena o'Oxford Union
No laila, e nā nūmana, ke noi nei: "Manaʻo kēia hale he mea kū'ē ke kōkua kanaka." E Professor Gibbs, hiki ke hoʻomaka kāu pane hoʻomakaʻana heʻumi minute ke hoʻomākaukauʻoe.
ʻO Professor David Gibbs
Mahalo iā 'oe. ʻĀ, manaʻo wau i ka nānā ʻana o kekahi i ke kōkua kanaka, pono e nānā kekahi i ka moʻolelo o ka mea i hana maoli ʻia a me nā hana nui ʻekolu i hala mai 2000: ʻO ka hana Iraqi o 2003, ka hana a Afghanistan o 2001, a me Libya. komo o 2011. A ʻo ka mea a nā mea ʻekolu a pau e like ai, ʻo ia mau mea ʻekolu i hoʻāpono ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi ʻaoʻao ma nā kumu kōkua kanaka. ʻO wau e ʻōlelo nei, ʻo ka hapa mua ʻelua, ʻo ke kolu kokoke ʻāpono wale ʻia ma nā kumu aloha kanaka. A ʻo nā mea ʻekolu i hana i nā pōʻino kōkua kanaka. Maopopo maoli kēia, manaʻo wau i ka poʻe e heluhelu ana i ka nūpepa ʻaʻole maikaʻi iki kēia mau hana. A ke loiloi i ka pilikia nui o ke kōkua kanaka, pono e nānā mua kekahi i kēlā mau ʻike kumu, ʻoluʻolu ʻole. E ʻae wau e kahaha loa iaʻu i loko o nā ʻano he nui i ʻole i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa aloha kanaka e kēlā mau ʻike, akā ʻaʻole ia.
He mau kāhea kā mākou no nā hana ʻē aʻe, e like me Suria, ʻoi aku. Eia kekahi, ke kāhea pinepine nei no ka loli aupuni, ke kōkua nui, ma Kōlea ʻĀkau. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ka mea e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana me Kōlea ʻĀkau. Akā inā hana ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka loli aupuni ma North Korea, e hoʻoweliweli wau i ʻelua mau wanana: Hoʻokahi, kokoke paha e hoʻāpono ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana ma ke ʻano he kōkua kōkua kanaka i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i nā poʻe o Kōlea ʻĀkau mai kahi dictator maikaʻi ʻole; a ʻelua, e hoʻopuka paha ia i ka pōʻino kanaka nui nui loa mai 1945. ʻO kekahi o nā nīnau: No ke aha mākou e aʻo ʻole ai mai kā mākou kuhihewa?
ʻO ka pālākiō o nā holomua i loko o kēia mau hana i hana mua ʻekolu ma nā ʻano he nui loa. E pili ana iā ʻIraka, ʻo ia paha ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka palapala ʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia, e ʻōlelo wau. Loaʻa iā mākou ka 2006 Lancet hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. Ke nānā nei ʻo Epidemiologically i ka nui o nā make ma ʻIraka, a i kēlā manawa ua koho ʻia he 560,000 ka nui o ka make. (1) Ua paʻi ʻia kēia ma 2006. No laila, maliʻa paha ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma kēia manawa. Aia kekahi mau koho ʻē aʻe, ka hapanui ma ka par me kēlā. A he mea pilikia kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, weliweli nā mea ma lalo o Saddam Hussein, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻoiai aia lākou ma lalo o ka Taliban, ʻoiai ma lalo o Muammar Gaddafi, ʻoiai aia lākou ma lalo o Kim Jong Un ma Kōlea ʻĀkau. A no laila, ua komo mākou i waho a kāpae i ka mana o kēlā mau kiʻi ʻekolu i kēlā me kēia (a i ʻole e ʻōlelo wau me ka Taliban, he aupuni nui aku ia, me Mullah Omar ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi aupuni nui aku), a ua lilo ka mea i mea ʻino loa. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole i pili i nā mea hana politika hiki i nā mea ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole, akā ua hana lākou.
ʻO kekahi hopena e pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka mea aʻu e ʻōlelo ai kahi ʻano destabilization o nā wahi. Kūleʻa kēia i ka hihia o Libia, ka mea i destabilized ka hapa nui o ʻApelika ʻĀkau, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi kaua kīwila lua ma Mali i 2013, i pili pono i ka destabilization o Libya. Ua koi kēia i kahi hana lua, e Palani i kēia manawa, e hakakā kūpaʻa i ke kūpaʻa ʻole e ala aʻe nei i kēlā ʻāina, a ua hoʻāpono hou ʻia kekahi hapa ma nā kumu kōkua kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kekahi o nā mea i hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā hopena o ke kōkua kanaka, inā inā he hoihoi kou i ka hoʻopili a ʻo ia kahi mea āu e ʻimi nei, he manaʻo maikaʻi loa ia no ka mea he makana ia e hoʻomau mau nei e hāʻawi. Mālama mau ia i nā wahi destabilizing, e hana ana i nā pilikia kōkua kanaka hou, no laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i nā hana hou. ʻO ia ka mea i hana ʻia ma ka hihia ʻo Libya a laila ʻo Mali. I kēia manawa inā hoihoi ʻoe i ka hopena aloha kanaka, eia naʻe ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ke ʻano. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ia.
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha nui ma aneʻi ka nele o ka hilinaʻi ʻole. Pīhoihoi au i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka poʻe i kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa no kēia mau hana ʻekolu - a ʻaʻole wau e manaʻo wale i nā mea hana kulekele, akā ʻo nā kālaiʻike a me nā poʻe akeakamai e like me aʻu iho. ʻAʻole wau i hoʻopaʻapaʻa no lākou, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o kaʻu mau hoa hana i hakakā. A he mea kupaianaha loa iaʻu ʻaʻole he hōʻike o ka minamina a me ka hōʻoia ʻana ua hana hewa lākou i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana no kēia mau hana. ʻAʻole nō hoʻi kahi hana e aʻo mai kā mākou mau hewa a hoʻāʻo a pale i nā hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Aia kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kūkākūkā ʻana e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, ke ʻike ʻole mākou e aʻo mai nā hewa i hala.
ʻO ka lua o ka pilikia me ka pilikia o ka hana kōkua kanaka ka mea a kekahi i kapa ai he "lima haumia" pilikia. Ke hilinaʻi nei mākou i nā ʻāina a me nā ʻoihana o kēlā mau ʻāina i loaʻa ʻole nā moʻolelo maikaʻi loa o ka hana kōkua kanaka. E nānā mākou iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me kāna mōʻaukala o ka intervenism. Inā nānā kekahi i kēlā, ka mōʻaukala o US intervenism, ʻike mākou iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke ʻano he mana komo i kumu nui o nā pilikia kōkua kanaka i ka wā i hala. Inā nānā kekahi e laʻa i ka hoʻokahuli ʻia o Mossadegh i ʻIrani i ka makahiki 1953, ka hoʻokahuli ʻia o Allende ma Chile ma 1973. A ke manaʻo nei wau ʻo kahi laʻana keu loa, ʻo kahi mea ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo Indonesia ia i ka makahiki 1965, kahi a CIA i kōkua ai i ka ʻenekini i kahi coup a a laila kōkua i ka orchestrate i ka luku ʻana o ka poʻe i alakaʻi i kahi make he 500,000. ʻO ia kekahi o nā luku nui loa ma hope o 1945, ʻae, ma ka pālākiō o ka mea i hana ʻia ma Rwanda, ma ka liʻiliʻi. A ʻo ia kekahi mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka intervene. A hiki i kekahi ke hele i loko o ka pilikia o ke Kaua Vietnam a nānā i kahi laʻana ma ka Pentagon Papers, ke aʻo Pentagon huna o ka Kaua Vietnam, a ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike i ka United States ma ke ʻano he mana akahai a i ʻole kahi kōkua pilikino. ekahi. A ʻo nā hopena ʻaʻole aloha kanaka i kekahi o kēia mau hihia.
Aia paha kahi pilikia nui aʻe no ka hana hewa i nā pono kanaka e nā keʻena o ka mokuʻāina e pili ana i ka hana i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻIke mākou i kēia manawa mai nā palapala i hoʻolaha ʻia he kuleana ko ka pūʻali koa ʻaʻano a me ka CIA i nā makahiki 50 a me nā makahiki he 60 i ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua pāhawewe ma nā mea kānalua ʻole. ke hana nei i nā mea e like me ka hele ʻana a me nā kauka e hana nei no ka pūʻali koa e hoʻomoʻi ana i ka poʻe me nā isotop radioactive a laila e nānā ana i ko lākou kino i ka manawa e ʻike ai i nā hopena i loaʻa a me nā ʻano maʻi i hana ʻia iā lākou - me ka haʻi ʻole ʻole iā lākou. Ua hoʻopilikia loa ka CIA i nā hoʻokolohua kāohi manaʻo, e hoʻāʻo ana i nā ʻenehana ninaninau hou i nā kānaka manaʻo ʻole, me nā hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻepekema e pili ana i nā noiʻi radiation i ʻōlelo pilikino ʻia, eia hou kēia mai kahi palapala i hōʻike hewa ʻia, ʻo kekahi o kāna hana e hana ana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Buchenwald" hopena, a ua hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kāna manaʻo. A ʻo ka nīnau maopopo loa: No ke aha ma ka honua e makemake ai mākou e hilinaʻi i nā ʻoihana i hana i nā mea e like me kēia e hana i kahi mea kōkua kanaka i kēia manawa? He papa kēia ma mua loa. Akā ʻo ka mea a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēia manawa i ka huaʻōlelo "humanitarian interven" ʻaʻole ia e hana i kahi huaʻōlelo hoʻokalakupua a ʻaʻole e holoi i ka hoʻokalakupua i kēia mōʻaukala i hala, ka mea pili a pono e noʻonoʻo. ʻAʻole wau makemake e nānā nui i koʻu ʻāina ponoʻī ma hope o nā mea āpau. Ua hana nā mokuʻāina ʻē i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi ke nānā i ka moʻaukala o Pelekane a me Palani, e ʻōlelo kākou, me nā hana koloneiale a me nā postcolonial. ʻAʻole loaʻa i kekahi ke kiʻi o ka hana kōkua kanaka; ʻo ka mea ʻē ʻē aʻe e ʻōlelo wau, ma ka manaʻo a i ʻole ka hopena.
I kēia manawa ke manaʻo nei wau ʻo kekahi o nā pilikia i ʻike hope ʻia ka uku o ke kōkua kanaka. He mea kēia i kākaʻikahi wale ʻia, akā maliʻa paha e noʻonoʻo ʻia, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka moʻolelo o nā hopena ma ka hopena o ka hopena kanaka. ʻĀ, ʻoi loa ka hana a ka pūʻali koa i ka ʻōlelo ʻana. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā pūʻali koa nui, e hoʻoili ana iā lākou i nā ʻāina ʻē no nā manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia koe wale nō me ka uku nui loa. I ka hihia o ke kaua ʻIraka, ʻo ka mea i loaʻa iā mākou ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ke kaua ʻekolu triliona kālā." Ua koho ʻia ʻo Joseph Stiglitz o Columbia a me Linda Bilmes i ka makahiki 2008 ke kumu kūʻai lōʻihi o ke kaua ʻIraka ma $ 3 trillion. (2) Pau ʻole kēlā mau helu, no ka mea ua hala he ʻumi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā $ 3 trillion ka mea nui ke manaʻo ʻoe e pili ana ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka huahana kūloko nui o Britain Nui i kēia manawa. A ke noʻonoʻo nei kekahi i ke ʻano o nā papahana kōkua kanaka kupaianaha i hiki iā mākou ke hana me $ 3 trillion, ma mua o ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana iā ia i loko o kahi kaua i hana ʻole ʻia akā ua luku ʻia he mau haneli tausani mau kānaka a hoʻoneʻe i kahi ʻāina.
A ʻaʻole pau kēia mau kaua ma Libia, a me Iraq, a me Afghanistan. Ke kokoke nei ʻo Afghanistan i ka hopena o kāna mau makahiki he iwakālua o ke kaua a me ka ʻumi mau makahiki o ko US komo ʻana. E holo pono paha kēia i ke kaua lōʻihi loa ma ka mōʻaukala US, inā ʻaʻole ia. Pili ia pehea ʻoe e wehewehe ai i ke kaua lōʻihi loa, akā e ala pono ana i laila. A hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano mea āpau i hiki ke hana ʻia me kekahi o kēia kālā, e laʻa me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻana o nā keiki, ka poʻe i hana ʻole ʻia ma lalo o ka lāʻau. (Pono ʻelua mau minuke? Hoʻokahi minuke.) Hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i ka poʻe i lawa ʻole nā lāʻau e like me koʻu ʻāina ponoʻī ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi e hele ai nā poʻe he nui ʻole me nā lāʻau pono. E like me ka ʻike a ka poʻe ʻimi waiwai, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kumukūʻai kūpono. Inā ʻoe e hoʻolilo kālā i hoʻokahi mea, ʻaʻole paha loaʻa ia no kahi mea ʻē aʻe. A ke manaʻo nei wau ʻo ka mea a mākou e hana nei ke hoʻonui nei i ka hoʻopiʻi hou ʻana me ka ʻole o nā hopena kōkua kanaka nui a kakaʻikahi paha i hiki iaʻu ke ʻike. Manaʻo wau ua mahalo nui wau i ka hoʻohālikelike olakino ma aneʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi olakino, no laila ʻo ia nō ke kumu i kau inoa ai wau i kaʻu puke "First Do No Harm." A ʻo ke kumu o ka lāʻau ʻaʻole ʻoe e hele a hana i ka mea maʻi no ka mea ke ʻeha nei ka mea maʻi. Pono ʻoe e hana i kahi kālailai kūpono inā maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha ka hana. Hiki i kahi hana ke hōʻeha i ka poʻe, a i ka lāʻau i kekahi manawa ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa ka hana ʻole. A ma aneʻi paha, ʻo ka mea mua a mākou e hana ai me nā pilikia kōkua kanaka ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino iā lākou, ʻo ia ka mea a mākou i hana ai. Mahalo iā 'oe.
Wilkinson
Mahalo, e Professor. ʻO Mikaʻela, hiki ke hoʻomaka kāu paʻi heʻumi minute ke hoʻomākaukauʻoe.
ʻO Michael Chertoff
ʻO ka manaʻo ma aneʻi inā he kūʻē ke kōkua kanaka ma nā ʻōlelo, a manaʻo wau ʻaʻole ka pane i kēlā. I kekahi manawa aʻoaʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, i kekahi manawa, aʻoaʻo maikaʻi ʻia. ʻAʻole holo kekahi manawa, holo kekahi manawa. ʻAʻohe hana iki, akā ʻaʻohe mea i ke ola. No laila, e hoʻomaka mua wau ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā laʻana ʻekolu a ka polofesa i hāʻawi ai: ʻo Afghanistan, Iraq, a me Libya. E haʻi wau iā ʻoe ʻaʻole ʻo Afghanistan kahi kōkua kōkua kanaka. ʻO Afghanistan ka hopena o kahi hoʻouka kaua i hoʻouka ʻia ma luna o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i luku ʻia he 3,000 mau kānaka, a he hana ākea a me ka manaʻo nui e hoʻoneʻe i ka mea nāna i hoʻouka i ka hoʻouka mai ka hiki ke hana hou. Inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole pono ia, e haʻi wau iā ʻoe mai ka ʻike pilikino: I ka wā i hele ai mākou i Afghanistan, ua ʻike mākou i nā laboratories al Qaeda e hoʻohana nei e hoʻokolohua me nā mea hana kemika a me nā meaola i nā holoholona, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoili i kēlā me ka poʻe i ka Komohana. Inā ʻaʻole mākou i hele i Afghanistan, hiki paha iā mākou ke hanu i kēlā mau manawa ke kamaʻilio mākou. ʻAʻole kēia he kōkua kanaka i ke ʻano o ka altruistic. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano kumu o ka palekana paʻa āpau o kēlā me kēia ʻāina i kāna kamaʻāina.
ʻO ʻIraka kekahi wau e manaʻo nei i koʻu manaʻo ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he kōkua kōkua kanaka. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa i kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻē aʻe i ka mea i hana ʻia me ka ʻike, a inā he hewa ʻole a hapa hewa paha ia, e pili ana i ka hiki o nā mea kaua o ka luku nui ʻia i ʻIraka. Akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka manaʻo nui e komo ana. Ua hewa paha ia, a aia nā ʻano paio like ʻole i hana maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ke ala e hoʻokō ʻia ai. Akā hou, ʻaʻole ia he kōkua kanaka. ʻO Libia kahi hana kōkua kanaka. A ʻo ka pilikia me Libya ke manaʻo nei wau ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻelua o kaʻu makemake e ʻōlelo, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā hana kōkua kanaka āpau. A i mea e hoʻoholo ai e komo, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi o ka mea āu e kū nei. He aha kāu hoʻolālā a me kāu pahuhopu, ʻike ʻoe i ka maopopo e pili ana i kēlā? He aha kou ʻike i ke ʻano o nā kūlana ma kahi āu e komo nei? He aha kou mau hiki a me kou makemake e hoʻokau e ʻike i nā mea a hiki i ka hopena? A laila, i ke kekelē hea ʻoe e kākoʻo ai mai ka hui kaiāulu? ʻO Libya kahi hiʻohiʻona o kahi hihia kahi, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ke kōkua he kōkua kanaka, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia kēia mau mea. A inā hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo pēlā, ʻo Michael Hayden a ua hana wau i kēia i loko o kahi oped ma hope koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kaʻina hana. (3) ʻO ka ʻaoʻao maʻalahi e hemo ana iā Gaddafi. ʻO ka ʻāpana paʻakikī ka mea e hana ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o Gaddafi. A no laila ʻae wau i ka polofesa. Inā i nānā kekahi i nā kumu ʻehā aʻu i ʻōlelo ai, e ʻōlelo paha lākou: “Maopopo ʻoe, ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou, ʻaʻole mākou ma o ka mea e hana nei me ka ʻole o Gaddafi?” He aha ka hopena o ka poʻe kolohe āpau i ka hale paʻahao? He aha ka hana a nā mea mālama kālā a pau āna i uku ai, ʻo wai ka poʻe e uku hou ʻole ʻia? A ua alakaʻi i kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Manaʻo wau aia kahi hāʻule ʻole e maopopo ai ke lawe ʻoe i kahi dictator, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kūlana paʻa ʻole. A e like me ka ʻōlelo a Colin Powell, inā ua haki ʻoe ua kūʻai aku ʻoe ia mea. Inā ʻoe e hemo i kahi dictator, pono ʻoe e mākaukau no ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka stabilizing. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe mākaukau e hana i kēlā hoʻopukapuka, ʻaʻohe ou ʻoihana e hoʻoneʻe iā ia.
Ma ke ʻano o ka laʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoe e nānā i kahi laʻana nā hana i Sierra Leone a me Ivory Coast. ʻO Sierra Leone ʻo 2000. Aia ka United Front e neʻe nei i ke kapitala. Komo maila ka poʻe Pelekania. Ua hoʻihoʻi lākou iā lākou. A ma muli o kēlā, ua hiki iā Sierra Leone ke kūpaʻa, a ua hōʻeha lākou i ke koho balota. A i ʻole Ivory Coast, he mea lawelawe kāu i hōʻole e hōʻole i ka lilo ʻana i ke koho balota. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻohana i ka hana ʻino i kāna poʻe. Aia kahi i komo. Ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia i ka hope, a i kēia manawa he aupuni democracy a Ivory Coast. Eia hou, aia kekahi mau ala e hana ai i ke kōkua kanaka e hiki ke kūleʻa, akā ʻaʻole inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e nānā i nā ʻano ʻehā aʻu i kamaʻilio ai.
I kēia manawa, e hāʻawi wau iā ʻoe i kahi laʻana mai kahi mea a mākou e kū maoli nei i kēia lā, a ʻo ia ka mea e hana nei ma Suria. A e nīnau mākou i ka nīnau inā i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma mua o ka hoʻopili nui ʻana o nā Lūkini, ma mua o ka hoʻopili nui ʻana o ka poʻe Iran, inā paha he hana i loko o ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka mālama ʻana he ʻumi tausani mau kānaka mai ka luku ʻia, nā makaʻāinana hewa ʻole me nā pōkā. a me nā mea kaua kemika, a me kahi pilikia nui o ka neʻe lehulehu. A ke manaʻo nei wau ʻo ka pane ʻo ia: Inā mākou i hana ma Suria i kā mākou i hana ai ma Iraq ʻākau i 1991, hoʻokumu i kahi wahi lele ʻole a me kahi no-go no Assad a me kona poʻe, a inā mākou i hana mua, ua loaʻa paha iā mākou ua pale ʻia ka mea a mākou e ʻike nei e wehe aʻe nei a hoʻomau i ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻāina. No laila, ʻānō e nānā ana wau iā ia mai nā aniani ʻē aʻe: He aha ka hana ke hele ʻole ʻoe i loko, ʻoiai wau e ʻōlelo nei ua hana paha mākou ma Suria? ʻAʻole wale ʻoe i kahi pilikia kōkua kanaka, he pilikia palekana kāu. Ma muli o ka hopena o ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i kekahi o nā lula aʻu i kamaʻilio ai e pili ana a ʻoiai ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pelekikena Obama aia he laina ʻulaʻula e pili ana i nā mea kaua kemika a laila nalowale ka laina i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mea kaua kemika. Ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻole o mākou i kēia mau hana kōkua kanaka, ʻaʻole wale mākou i nā make he nui wale, akā he kūpikipiki maoli kā mākou i hiki i ka puʻuwai o ʻEulopa. ʻO ke kumu o ka pilikia ʻana o ka EU i kēia manawa e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana no ka mea, a me ka manaʻo paha, ua hana kolohe nā Lūkia a me ko Suria e kipaku aku i nā makaʻāinana mai ka ʻāina a koi iā lākou e hele i kahi ʻē. Aia ka hapa nui o lākou i kēia manawa ma Ioredane a kau i kahi ʻino ma Ioredane, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e hoʻāʻo nei e hele i ʻEulopa. A kanalua ʻole wau ua maopopo a ʻike koke paha ʻo Putin, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia ʻo kāna kumu mua, ke hana ʻoe i kahi pilikia neʻe, ke hana nei ʻoe i kahi haunaele a me ka hakakā ma waena o kou ʻenemi nui, ʻo ia ʻo ʻEulopa. A he hopena destabilizing kēlā, nā hopena a mākou e hoʻomau nei e ʻike i kēia lā.
A no laila, ʻo kekahi o nā mea aʻu e makemake ai e ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kōkua kanaka, aia pinepine ke ʻano altruistic iā ia, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo nō aia kekahi ʻano hoihoi ponoʻī. ʻO nā wahi o ka maʻi nā wahi kahi e hana ai nā mea hoʻoweliweli, a ua ʻike ʻoe iā Isis a hiki i kēia manawa he panalāʻau i nā ʻāpana o Suria a me nā ʻāpana o ʻIraka i hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. Hoʻokumu ia i nā pilikia neʻe a me nā pilikia like, a laila hopena i ka paʻa a me ke kaʻina maikaʻi o ke koena o ka honua. A ke hana nei nō hoʻi i nā namunamu a me nā makemake no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i hopena pinepine i nā pōʻaiapuni o ka hana ʻino e hoʻomau pinepine ana, a ʻike ʻoe ma Rwanda.
No laila, ʻo kaʻu laina lalo kēia: ʻAʻole pono i nā hana kōkua kanaka āpau, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā hana kōkua kanaka āpau a hoʻokō pono ʻia. Akā ma ka hōʻailona like, ʻaʻole hewa a pau ʻole paha lākou. A hoʻi hou, hoʻi wau i ka makahiki 1991 a me ka zone no-fly a me no-go zone ma Kurdistan ma ke ʻano he laʻana o kahi i hana. ʻO ke kī kēia: E akāka no ke aha ʻoe e hele ai i loko; mai hoʻowahāwahā i ke kumukūʻai o kāu mea e hana nei; Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mākaukau a me ka hoʻokō e ʻike ai hiki iā ʻoe ke lawelawe i kēlā mau kumukūʻai a hoʻokō i ka hopena āu i hoʻonohonoho ai nāu iho. E ʻike pono i ka ʻike i nā kūlana ma ka honua, no laila e hana ʻoe i kahi loiloi kūpono. A loaʻa hope ke kākoʻo kūwaho, mai hele hoʻokahi. Manaʻo wau i loko o kēlā mau kūlana, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūleʻa ke kōkua kanaka, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻopakele i nā ola he nui a hoʻopaʻa i ko mākou honua. Mahalo iā 'oe.
Nīnau (Wilkinson)
Mahalo iāʻoe, e Michael. Mahalo iāʻolua no kēlā mau'ōlelo wehewehe. E nīnau wau i kekahi nīnau, a laila, e neʻe mākou i nā nīnau mai ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo. ʻO kaʻu nīnau kēia: Ua heluʻoe i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻolelo. Akā, e'ōlelo pahaʻoe he kūpono kūpono ia e pili ana i ka pilikia,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolālā i ka lōʻihi o ka wā lōʻihi, kūpono i nā manaʻo maikaʻi, hoʻolālā maikaʻi, a iʻole kaʻike kūpono kūpono e kū'ē i kaʻoiaʻiʻo o nā hui a me nā hui kaiaulu ua hewa. A e hana hewa mau lākou. Aʻo ka hilinaʻi o kēlā mauʻaoʻao,ʻo ia hoʻi, he mea hōʻole kēia i ka hana a ke kanaka. No laila, e Mikaele, inā makemakeʻoe e pane.
Hoʻololi (Chertoff)
ʻO kaʻu pane kēia: hana ʻole ka hana. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea i hōʻole ʻole ʻia. Akā inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea, e hiki mai ana kekahi mea. No laila, inā ua hoʻoholo ʻo Franklin Roosevelt ʻaʻole e kōkua i ka poʻe Pelekania ma 1940 me Lend Lease, no ka mea "ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu ke kuhi hewa nei wau, ʻaʻole paha," ʻo ia ka hopena i kahi hopena ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka Honua Kaua II. Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole mākou e ʻōlelo “maikaʻi akā ʻaʻole hana ia, no laila ʻaʻole ia he mea.” Manaʻo wau he ʻano hana ka hana ʻole. A i kēlā me kēia manawa ke koho ʻia ʻoe, pono ʻoe e kaulike i nā hopena a hiki i kāu hiki ke hoʻolālā iā lākou, mai ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea a me ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea.
Hoʻohua (Gibbs)
ʻĀ, manaʻo wau ʻo ka hana ʻole kahi ʻano o ka hana, akā ʻo ka mea e kau mau ana ma luna o ke kanaka e koi nei e komo. No ka mea e maopopo leʻa i kēia: ʻO ka intervene kahi hana kaua. ʻO ka hana kōkua kanaka kahi euphemism wale nō. Ke kākoʻo mākou i ka hana kōkua kanaka, ke kākoʻo nei mākou i ke kaua. ʻO ka neʻe no ke komo ʻana he neʻe no ke kaua. A me he mea lā iaʻu ʻo ka poʻe e kākoʻo kūʻē nei i ke kaua, ʻaʻohe o lākou kaumaha ma luna o lākou i nā hōʻoia. Aia ke kaumaha o ka hōʻoia ma luna o ka poʻe e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana ʻino, a ʻo ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa e kiʻekiʻe loa no ka hoʻohana kolohe. A manaʻo wau hiki iā mākou ke ʻike ua hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ia i ka wā i hala i kahi kekelē koʻikoʻi.
A kahi pilikia maʻamau i loaʻa iā ʻoe i nā hana liʻiliʻi - e laʻa me ka 1991 no-fly zone ma luna o ʻIraka - e hana ʻia kēia mau mea i ka honua maoli, ʻaʻole i ka honua kuhi. A i kēlā ao maoli, manaʻo ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa iā ia iho he mana nui, a ma laila e nīnau mau ʻia ai ka hilinaʻi o ʻAmelika. A inā hana ka US i ka hapalua o nā ana, e like me kahi ʻāpana lele ʻole, e kaomi mau ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kulekele ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia i hoʻokahi manawa a me nā mea āpau. No laila ka pono no kahi kaua hou me ʻIraka ma 2003, e hana ana i kahi pōʻino loa. Nui koʻu hauʻoli i ka wā e lohe ai wau i ka poʻe e kūkā ana "e hana wale mākou i kahi mea i kaupalena ʻia, e kū wale ia mea," no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e kū ma kēlā. Aia ka hopena quagmire. Hele ʻoe i loko o ka quagmire, a hohonu a hohonu kou hohonu i ka quagmire. A aia mau kekahi e kākoʻo i ka hoʻopili hohonu a hohonu ʻana.
Kuhi wau i kahi kiko hou: ua makemake wau e pane i ka hoʻopiʻi he ʻōlelo pinepine ia ʻaʻole nā kaua Iraq a me Afghanistan i hana pilikino maoli. He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia i kekahi mea, ʻo nā hana ʻelua ma ka liʻiliʻi he hapa kuʻuna lāhui, realpolitik, a me nā mea like. Akā inā ʻoe e nānā i hope i ka moʻohelu, maopopo leʻa ua'āpono ʻia nā mea ʻelua i kahi ʻāpana e like me nā hana kōkua kanaka, nā ka Bush ka mālama ʻana a me nā kālaiʻike he nui. Aia iaʻu ma mua oʻu kahi puke i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka University of California Press, a manaʻo wau ʻo 2005 ia, i kāhea ʻia ʻO kahi kumu o ka mea koʻikoʻi: nā kū'ē'ē kanaka no ke kaua i Iraq. "(4) E hana wale i kahi ʻimi Google ma" nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kōkua kanaka no ke kaua ma ʻIraka, "a ʻo kēia kahi ʻāpana nui o ke kiʻi. Manaʻo wau he mea kākau hou ia o ka mōʻaukala e ʻōlelo ai ʻaʻole ka mea kōkua kanaka i mea nui i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa no ke kaua ma Iraq a me Afghanistan. ʻO lākou ʻāpana nui loa o kēlā mau kaua ʻelua. A e ʻōlelo wau i nā hopena e hōʻino loa i ka manaʻo o ke kōkua kanaka.
Nīnau (Ka poʻe heluhelu)
Mahalo, no laila ua kamaʻilio ʻolua e pili ana i kekahi mau laʻana mōʻaukala a makemake wau e hoʻolohe i kāu mau hiʻohiʻona ʻelua e pili ana i ke kūlana hoʻomau i Venezuela. A ua hoʻopuka ka hoʻoponopono Trump a me nā hoʻolālā a me nā hōʻike e loaʻa paha iā lākou nā hoʻolālā e hoʻohana i ka pūʻali koa ma laila a pehea ʻoe e loiloi ai i ka ʻike o nā kuanaʻike ʻelua āu i kaʻana like ai.
Hoʻololi (Chertoff)
No laila, manaʻo wau ʻo ka mea e hana nei ma Venezuela ka mea mua o nā mea āpau. A e like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ʻaʻole manaʻo wau i nā pilikia o ke aupuni politika ke kumu e komo i ka pūʻali koa. Aia kekahi mea kōkua kanaka ma aneʻi. Pōloli ka poʻe. Akā ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu aia mākou i ka pae o ka pilikia kōkua kanaka a mākou i ʻike ai ma nā hihia ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻo kaʻu pane pōkole kēia: manaʻo wau ʻaʻole mākou i hālāwai i ka paepae no ke kūkā kamaʻilio maoli ʻana e pili ana i ka hana kōkua kanaka i kahi ʻano pūʻali koa.
ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻaʻohe ala koa ʻole e komo ai, e maopopo ai no laila ke hoʻopuni nei mākou i ke kiʻi. Nui a hewahewa nā pono hana i ka pahu hana ke hana pū ʻoe me ka mea kōkua. Aia nā hoʻopaʻi, nā hoʻopaʻi hoʻokele waiwai. Aia kekahi hoʻohana kūpono o nā pono cyber e like me ke ʻano o ka hopena i ka mea e hana nei. Aia kekahi hiki i kekahi manawa o ka hana kū kānāwai, e laʻa me ka International Criminal Court a i ʻole kekahi mea. No laila, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea āpau i ka pahu hana. Inā wau e nānā ana iā Venezuela, ke manaʻo nei ua hana ia, aʻu e hoʻokūkala nei, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka pae o ke kōkua kanaka ʻana, a laila pono ʻoe e kaulike i nā pilikia e like me: Aia paha kahi endgame a mākou e ʻike nei a i ʻole kahi hoʻolālā a mākou e ʻike nei e kūleʻa ai. Loaʻa iā mākou nā hiki e hoʻokō iā ia? Loaʻa iā mākou kahi kākoʻo honua? Manaʻo wau e militia kūʻē paha kēlā mau mea iā ia. ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻaʻole hiki ke loli, akā nā ana o kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole wau i hiki i kahi i kūpono ai ka hana koa.
Hoʻohua (Gibbs)
ʻĀ, ʻo ka mea nui e pono ai e ʻike e pili ana iā Venezuela ʻo ia kahi aila e hoʻouna aku ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai, a aia kahi hāʻule o ke kumukūʻai aila mai ka makahiki 2014. E ʻae nō wau i ka nui o nā mea e hana nei i kēia manawa ka hewa o ʻO Maduro a me nā hana mana e lawe nei ʻo ia, a me ke alakaʻi hewa ʻana, ka palaho, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea e hana nei e nā heluhelu kūpono, e nā heluhelu heluhelu kūpono, no nā kumukūʻai aila haʻahaʻa.
Kuhi ia i koʻu manaʻo he pilikia nui aʻe, ʻo ia ke ala e hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia ai nā pilikia kanaka e nā pilikia o ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻAʻole kūkākūkā nā kūkākūkā o Rwanda i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka luku ʻia - a ke manaʻo nei wau he luku ʻia ia i ka hihia o Rwanda - ʻo ka luku ʻia e ka Hutu e kūʻē i nā Tutsi i hana ʻia i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka ulia pōpilikia nui i hopena i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka kofe. kumu kūʻai. Eia hou, kahi hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia e hilinaʻi ʻaneʻane wale nō ma ka kofe. Haule nā kumukūʻai kope, loaʻa ʻoe i kahi pilikia politika. He pilikia kūpilikiʻi koʻikoʻi ʻo Yugoslavia ma mua o ka haki ʻana o ka ʻāina a iho i lalo i gehena. ʻIke mākou e pili ana i ka iho ʻana i gehena, ʻaʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e pili ana i ka pilikia hoʻokele waiwai.
No kekahi kumu ʻike ka poʻe i ka luhi o ka ʻoihana waiwai, a no ka mea luʻuluʻu a ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi o ka hana pūʻali koa, manaʻo mākou ʻo ka hopena ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka 82nd Airborne Division. ʻOiai paha ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻoi aku o ka maikaʻi mai kahi kūlana hana kanaka e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia hoʻokele waiwai. ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i kau ʻia ma ka austerity i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kūwaho a me nā hopena politika e hōʻino loa ana i ka austerity ma nā ʻāina he nui. Pono ka pilina o ka mōʻaukala ma aneʻi: No nā ʻōlelo hoʻomau a hoʻomau i ke kolu o ke Aupuni a me ke Kaua Honua II, a mākou e lohe nei a pinepine a pinepine hoʻi, poina pinepine ka poʻe i kekahi o nā mea i lawe mai iā mākou ʻo Adolph Hitler ka Nui. Kaumaha. ʻO kēlā me kēia heluhelu kūpono ʻana o ka mōʻaukala Weimar Kelemānia inā ʻaʻole ka Depression, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ʻoe i ala i ka Nazism. No laila, ke manaʻo nei wau i kahi kamaʻilio nui ʻana i nā pilikia piliwaiwai i ka hihia o Venezuela - ʻOiai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻokahuli iā Maduro e nā mea āpau a hoʻololi iā lākou me kahi mea ʻē aʻe, e hana pū kekahi me ka hihia o ka aila haʻahaʻa. nā kumukūʻai a me nā hopena e hōʻino ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai, kahi e waiho ʻole ʻia e ka hana kōkua kanaka, inā kāhea mākou iā ia a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
Kuhi au i kahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Venezuela ʻo ia ka United Nations i hoʻouna aku i kahi lunamakaʻāinana i laila a hōʻāhewa i nā hoʻopaʻi a ka US e hoʻoikaika nui nei i ka pilikia kanaka. No laila, ke hana nei a ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hana nei - hoʻokele waiwai i kēia manawa ma mua o ka pūʻali koa - e hoʻonui ana i nā mea, a maopopo ka pono e kū. Inā hoihoi mākou i ke kōkua ʻana i ka poʻe o Venezuela, ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻonui i ka hana.
ʻO David N. Gibbs ʻO iaʻo Professor of History, Ke Kula Nui o Arizona, a ua hoʻolaha nui ma nā pilina pili honua o Afghanistan, ka Democratic Republic of Congo, a me ka Yugoslavia mua. Ke kākau neiʻo ia i kāna pukeʻekolu, ma ka piʻiʻana o nā US conservatism ma nā 1970s.
(1) Gilbert Burnham, et al, "ʻO ka make ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ʻIraka i ka makahiki 2003: A Cross sectional Analysis Cluster Sample Survey," Lancet 368, no. 9545, 2006. Eʻike i ka Lancetʻoi loa ka manaʻo o ka nui o nā make ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea aʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma luna. ʻO 654,965 ka helu kūpono, ma mua o 560,000 aʻu i hōʻike ai.
(2) ʻO Linda J. Bilmes lāua ʻo Joseph E. Stiglitz, ʻO ke kolu hōʻailona kālā: ke kumukūʻai o ka hakakā o ka Iraq. Nu Ioka: Norton, 2008.
(3) ʻO Michael Chertoff lāua ʻo Michael V. Hayden, "He aha ka mea e hana ai ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o Gaddafi?" Hawaii Post, April 21, 2011.
(4) Thomas Cushman, ed., ʻO kahi kumu o ka mea koʻikoʻi: nā kū'ē'ē kanaka no ke kaua i Iraq. Berkeley: Ke Kulanui o Kaleponi Press, 2005.
