Mai ka hoʻolauna puke o kā Tunander puke ʻo “Ke kaua moku lūlū ʻo Suedena” i ka makahiki 2019, ma NUPI me (mai ka hema) ʻo Ola Tunander, Pernille Rieker, Sverre Lodgaard, a me Vegard Valther Hansen. (Kiʻi: John Y. Jones)
Na Reseach Professor Emeritus ma Prio, Ola Tunander, Manawa Hou, ʻO Tid, Pākuʻi Whistleblower, Malaki 6, 2021
ʻO nā kānaka noiʻi e nīnau nei i ke kūpono o nā kaua US, me he mea lā ua kipaku ʻia mai kā lākou mau kūlana i ka noiʻi a me nā keʻena ʻoihana. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike i hōʻike ʻia ma aneʻi mai ka Institute for Peace Research ma Oslo (PRIO), kahi ʻoihana i loaʻa i ka poʻe noiʻi i ka loiloi i nā kaua o ka hoʻouka kaua - a ʻo ka mea hiki ʻole ke kapa ʻia he mau hoaaloha o nā mea kaua nukelea.
ʻ saidlelo ʻia kahi mea noiʻi e ʻimi i ka objectivity a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Akā ua aʻo ʻo ia e koho i kā lākou mau kumuhana noiʻi a hōʻea i nā hopena e like me ka mea a nā luna a me ka hoʻokele e manaʻo ai, a ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kūʻokoʻa kūmole i helu ʻia ma Nolewala ma o ke "kūʻokoʻa e hōʻike iā ia iho i ka lehulehu", nā manaʻo hou "a me" ke kūʻokoʻa e koho i ke ʻano a me nā mea ». I nā kamaʻilio kaiāulu o kēia lā, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ke kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻōlelo i ke kuleana e hōʻeha i ka lāhui a i ʻole ka hoʻomana paha.
Akā ʻo ke kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka pono e nānā pono i ka mana a me ke kaiāulu. ʻO koʻu ʻike ka manawa kūpono e hōʻike manuahi ai ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi ua hoʻonui palena ʻia i loko o 20 mau makahiki i hala. Pehea mākou i hopena ai ma aneʻi?
ʻO kēia kaʻu moʻolelo ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi. No kahi o 30 mau makahiki i hana ai ma ka Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), mai 1987 a hiki i 2017. Ua lilo wau i mea noiʻi kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kaʻu kekelē laeoʻo ma 1989 a alakaʻi i ka papahana a ka Institute no nā kulekele ʻē aʻe a me ka palekana. Ua loaʻa iaʻu kaʻu ʻoihana ma 2000 a kākau a hoʻoponopono i kekahi mau puke e pili ana i nā politika āpau a me ke kulekele palekana.
Ma hope o ke kaua Libya ma 2011, ua kākau wau i kahi puke ma Kuekene e pili ana i kēia kaua, e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mokulele mokulele Komohana me nā kipi Islamist a me nā pūʻali koa mai Qatar i mea e eo ai ka pūʻali Libyan. (Ua kākau wau i puke hou aʻe e pili ana i ke kaua ʻo Libya ma Norewai, i paʻi ʻia ma 2018.) Ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻāina komohana me nā Islamist radical, e like me Afghanistan i nā makahiki 1980. I Libia, ua hana ʻo Islamists i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lāhui o nā ʻĀleʻele ʻeleʻele a hana hewa i ke kaua.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻōlelo ka pāpāho ua hoʻopahū ʻo Muammar Gaddafi i nā kānaka kīwila a hoʻolālā i kahi luku ʻia ma Benghazi. Ua kamaʻilio ke kenekoa US ʻo John McCain a me ke Kakauolelo o ka Mokuʻāina ʻo Hillary Clinton e pili ana i "kahi Rwanda hou". I kēia lā maopopo iā mākou he misinformation maoli kēia a i ʻole disinformation maoli. I loko o kahi hōʻike kūikawā mai ka 2016, ua hōʻole ke Kōmike o ko nā ʻāina ʻē ʻĀnelani Pelekane i nā ʻōlelo kūʻē āpau o ka hana hoʻomāinoino a nā pūʻali aupuni i nā makaʻāinana a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli o ka luku. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike i kēia. Ua lilo ke kaua i "kaua hakakā", i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hewa āpau," e ʻōlelo ai i ka ʻaha kūkā ʻo Nuremberg.
Hōʻole ʻia ka hoʻolaha puke
Ua hoʻokumu wau i kaʻu puke Kuekene Libya ma Stockholm i Kēkēmapa 2012 a hoʻolālā i kahi seminar like ma PRIO ma Oslo. ʻO kuʻu hoa hana ʻo Hilde Henriksen Waage i hoʻomaka i kāna puke ʻO ka hakakā a me ka politika ka mana nui ma ka Hikina Waena no kahi hale piha ma PRIO. Ua makemake au i ka manaʻo a hoʻoholo pū me kā mākou luna kamaʻilio a me kaʻu luna i luna e hoʻopaʻa i kahi seminar PRIO like ma kaʻu puke ʻO Libyenkrigets geopolitik (ʻO nā geopolitics o ke kaua Libya). Hoʻonohonoho mākou i kahi lā, kahi a me ka hōʻano. Ua ʻae kahi poʻo o ka ʻOihana ʻInikua Norewai, ʻo General Alf Roar Berg, e ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka puke. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike mai ka Hikina Waena a he ʻumi mau makahiki o ka ʻike mai nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻoihana ʻike i nā makahiki 1980 a me 1990. ʻO ko Berg ʻaoʻao ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻo ia ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka CIA ʻo Robert Gates, ʻo ia ka mea kākau ʻōlelo pale no 2011. Ua kipa aku ʻo ia iā Berg ma Oslo.
Ua loiloi ʻo Gates i ke kaua Libya ma ka hakakā me ke Kakauolelo o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Hillary Clinton. Ua hoʻokau ʻo ia i ka Kauoha ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa nā kūkākūkā kūleʻa me ke aupuni Libyan. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i makemake i ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana, akā ʻo ke kaua, a ua hoʻokau ʻo Pelekikena Barack Obama i kēia hana. I ka nīnau ʻia ʻana inā e komo ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika, pane ʻo Gates, "ʻAʻole ʻoiai wau i loko o kēia hana." Ma hope koke iho, ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia i kāna haʻalele. Ua loiloi ʻo Alf Roar Berg e like me Gates.
Akā i ka manawa i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ai ka luna o PRIO i kēlā manawa, ʻo Kristian Berg Harpviken, e pili ana i kaʻu seminar ma Libya, ua pane ikaika ʻo ia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kahi "seminar kūloko" a i ʻole kahi papa "ma ka Arab Spring" ma kahi o, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake i kahi seminar lehulehu ma ka puke. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i makemake e launa pū me kahi puke koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke kaua, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa: ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia i kahi loiloi a ke Kakauolelo o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Hillary Clinton a i ʻole nā pūʻali koa mai Qatar, ka mea i hana nui i ke kaua. Ua mālama ʻo Harpviken i nā kamaʻilio ma PRIO me kā Qatar kuhina ʻē. A ʻo ke kāne a Clinton ma Oslo, ʻo Ambassador Barry White, he malihini kipa ia ma ka pāʻina lā hānau pilikino o ka luna PRIO.
PRIO i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻo PRIO i ka ʻĀina ʻImi ʻImi Hoʻomaluhia (PRE) ma United States. ʻO ka papa o ka Pelekikena Bill Clinton ke Aliʻi o Central Command, ʻo General Anthony Zinni. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka pōkā o ʻIraka ma 1998 (Operation Desert Fox). I ka like pū ʻana me ke kūlana o ka papa ma PRE, he luna ʻo ia no ka papa ma USA no ka mea hana hewa paha i ka honua, ʻo BAE Systems, ka mea i hala i nā makahiki 1990 i hāʻawi i nā uku kīpē i nā aliʻi Saudi i ke kauoha a 150 biliona Norewai. kroner i ke kumukūʻai kālā o kēia lā.
ʻO ka luna o ka PRIO i hoʻokumu ʻia PRIO ʻo Pelekikena Clinton ma lalo o ke kākau ʻōlelo o ka pūʻali koa ʻo Joe Reeder, nāna i kōkua i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka pelekikena a Hillary Clinton. Ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ka papa o ka US National Defense Industrial Association a ua like ka mahina like me ke kaua Iraq i hoʻomaka ai, ua hana ʻo ia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻaelike ma ʻIraka. Ua kū ʻo ia i kahi kūlana kū kānāwai no kahi ʻoihana lobbying i ka makahiki 2011 i kūʻai aku ai nā kipi 'Libya War.
Maliʻa paha he loulou ma waena o ka makemake ʻole o PRIO e hōʻino i ke kaua ma Libya a me ka pili a PRIO i ka pūnaewele pūʻali koa-ʻohana Clinton. Akā ua komo pū ka papa o PRE i kekahi kiaʻāina Republican mua a me PRIO kāhea, ʻo David Beasley, ke poʻo o ka World Food Program a me ka Nobel Peace Prize laurate no 2020. Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i kēia kūlana e ka Pelekikena Pelekikena Trump o ka ʻelele UN mua ʻo Nikki Haley, nāna, e like me ʻO Hillary Clinton, ua hoʻoweliweli e hana i kahi "kaua kōkua kanaka" e kūʻē iā Suria. ʻO kēlā me kēia wehewehe, ʻaʻole makemake ʻia kaʻu hoʻokolokolo ʻana i kēia mau kaua i ke alakaʻi ʻana o PRIO.
Ma ka leka uila ma ka 14 Ianuali 2013, ua wehewehe ʻo Director Harpviken i kaʻu puke Kuekene e pili ana i ke kaua ʻo Libya ma ke ʻano he "pilikia nui". Ua koi ʻo ia i kahi "ʻano hōʻoia hōʻoia" i hiki ai iā PRIO ke "pale i nā pōpilikia like" i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻOiai ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo PRIO i kaʻu puke Libia, ua haʻi ʻōlelo aku wau e pili ana i ke kaua ʻo Libya i ka ʻaha kūkā makahiki GLOBSEC ma Bratislava. ʻO kaʻu ʻaoʻao ma ka panela kekahi o nā kōkua pili loa o ke kākau ʻōlelo pale a Robert Gates. Ma waena o nā poʻe i komo he kuhina a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kulekele palekana, e like me Zbigniew Brzezinski.
Ke hoʻolaha nei i ke kaua i ka Hikina Waena a me ʻApelika
I kēia lā ʻike mākou i ke kaua ma 2011 i luku iā Libya no nā makahiki he nui e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā mea kaua o ka mokuʻāina Libyan i nā Islamist radical ma waena o ka Middle East a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Ma mua o ka ʻumi kaukani mau missile o ka honua e kī i nā mokulele i pau i ka lima o nā mea hoʻoweliweli like ʻole. ʻO nā haneli o nā mea kaua a me ka nui o nā mea kaua i hoʻohuli ʻia mai Benghazi a i Aleppo i Suria me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā kaua kīwila i kēia mau ʻāina, ma Libia, Mali a me Suria, kahi hopena pololei o ka luku ʻia o ka mokuʻāina Libyan.
Ua kākau ke kākā'ōlelo a Hillary Clinton ʻo Sidney Blumenthal e hiki i kahi lanakila ma Libya ke wehe i ke ala no ka lanakila ma Suria, me he mea lā he mau hoʻomau kaua wale nō kēia mau kaua i hoʻomaka me Iraq a e hoʻomau me Libya, Suria, Lebanona a hoʻopau me ʻIrana. ʻO ke kaua kūʻē iā Libya i hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻāina e like me North Korea e hoʻoikaika i ko lākou hoihoi i nā mea kaua nukelea. Ua hoʻopau ʻo Libya i kāna papahana mea kaua nukelea i ka makahiki 2003 e kūʻē i nā hoʻohiki mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Pelekane ʻaʻole e hoʻouka kaua. ʻAʻole loa ka mea liʻiliʻi, hoʻouka lākou. Ua ʻike ʻo Kōlea ʻĀkau i ka waiwai ʻole o nā hōʻoia US-Pelekane. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ke kaua ʻo Libya i mea hoʻoikaika nui no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea kaua nukelea.
E nīnau paha kekahi no ke aha ʻo PRIO, me ka poʻe ʻepekema i kūʻē i ka mōʻaukala i nā kaua a pau o ka huhū a ʻaʻole pili i nā hoa aloha o nā mea kaua nukelea, ke ʻimi nei i kēia manawa e hōʻoki i kahi loiloi o ia kaua a ma ka manawa like e hui pū me ka ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka pūʻali koa-ʻoihana?
Akā hōʻike paha kēia hoʻolālā i kahi hoʻoponopono ākea ma waena o ke kaiāulu noiʻi. Pono e hoʻolako kālā i nā keʻena noiʻi, a mai kahi o ka makahiki 2000, koi ʻia nā mea noiʻi e hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou kālā ponoʻī. A laila pono lākou e hoʻopili i kā lākou noiʻi a me nā hopena i nā luna kālā. I ka wā o ka pāʻina awakea PRIO, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūkākūkā ʻana pehea e kālā ai i nā papahana ma mua o ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana i nā pilikia noiʻi maoli.
Akā manaʻoʻiʻo nō wau aia kekahi mau kumu e pili ana i ka PRIO hoʻololi maoli.
"Kaua Wale"
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo PRIO i loko o nā makahiki he XNUMX i hala aku nei i ka hana o ke kaua "wale nō," kahi a ka Ka Nūpepa o ka Ethics Koa he kikowaena. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka puke pai e Henrik Syse lāua ʻo Greg Reichberg (ʻo lāua kekahi i noho ma ka papa PRE). Hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou manaʻo i ka manaʻo o Thomas Aquinas o ke "kaua wale nō," a manaʻo nui pū kekahi i loko o kā Pelekikena Barack Obama Nobel Peace Prize ʻae ʻōlelo no 2009.
Akā ʻimi kēlā me kēia kaua i kahi legitimation "kōkua kanaka". I ka makahiki 2003, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he Iraq nā mea kaua o ka luku nui ʻia. A ma Libia i 2011, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻoweliweli ʻo Muammar Gaddafi i ka luku ʻia ma Benghazi. Akā he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻelua o ka disinformation nui. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke wānana i nā hopena o ke kaua. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "kaua wale nō" mai ka makahiki 2000 e legitimize i kekahi mau kaua o ka huhū. I nā hanana āpau, ua loaʻa kēia i nā hopena catastrophic.
I ka makahiki 1997, ua nīnau mai ke alakaʻi o PRIO ʻo Dan Smith iaʻu inā e hoʻolimalima mākou iā Henrik Syse, kahi ʻano conservative Norewai kaulana. Ua ʻike wau i kā supereite a Syse no kāna kauka, a manaʻo wau he manaʻo maikaʻi. Ua manaʻo wau hiki iā Syse ke hāʻawi i ka laulā nui aʻe iā PRIO. ʻAʻohe oʻu manaʻo i kēlā manawa, ʻo kēia, me nā helu aʻu e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei ma lalo, e kāpae i kekahi hoihoi i ka realpolitik, pūʻali koa detente a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻouka kaua pūʻali koa-politika.
"Maluhia kemokalaka"
ʻO ka lua, pili nā mea noiʻi PRIO i ka Ka Nūpepa o ka Huli Ola ua hoʻomohala i ka palapala kākau o ka "maluhia kemokalaka". Ua manaʻoʻiʻo lākou hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i ke kaua ʻole ʻana o nā mokuʻāina kemokalaka i kekahi me kekahi. Eia naʻe, ua maopopo he mea ia na ka mea hōʻeha, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e wehewehe i ka mea demokalaka a i ʻole, e like me Serbia. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kemokalaka ponoʻī. Maliʻa paha he mau paio ʻē aʻe kahi i ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi, e like me ka pili hoʻokele waiwai.
Akā no nā neo-conservatives, ua hiki ke kākau ʻia o ka "maluhia kemokalaka" e legitimize i kekahi kaua o ka aggression. ʻO ke kaua kūʻē iā ʻIraka a me Libia paha hiki ke "wehe i ka temokalaka" a pēlā no ka maluhia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Eia kekahi, ua kākoʻo kekahi o kekahi mea noiʻi ma PRIO i kēia manaʻo. No lākou, ua kūlike ka manaʻo o ke "kaua wale nō" me ka palapala kākau o ka "maluhia kemokalaka", ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia i ka thesis e ʻae ʻia ke Komohana e komo i loko o nā ʻāina Komohana.
Ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana
ʻO ke kolu, ua hoʻohuli ʻia kekahi mau limahana PRIO e ka haumāna ʻAmelika ʻo Gene Sharp. Ua hana ʻo ia no ka loli aupuni ma o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā hōʻike lehulehu e hoʻokahuli i nā "dictatorship". ʻO kēlā mau "kipi kipi" i kākoʻo ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a he ʻano destabilization e kuhikuhi nui ʻia i nā ʻāina i pili pū me Moscow a me Beijing. ʻAʻole lākou i noʻonoʻo i ka nui o ia destabilization i hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i kahi hakakā o ka honua. Ma kahi manawa ʻo Sharp kahi punahele a ke alakaʻi alakaʻi PRIO no ka Nobel Peace Prize.
ʻO ko Sharp manaʻo kumu me ka hoʻokuke ʻia ʻana o kāna dictator a me kona poʻe, e wehe ana ka puka o ke aupuni democracy. Ua maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o kēia. Ma ʻAigupita, ua kuhi ka manaʻo o Sharp i ka Arab Spring a i ka hoahānau Muslim. Akā ua lilo kā lākou lawe ʻana i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia. I Libya a me Suria, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua kūʻē nā poʻe kūʻē maluhia i ka hana hoʻomāinoino a ka dictatorhip. Akā ua "kākoʻo" ʻia kēia mau poʻe kūʻē mai ka lā mua e ka hana koa koa a ka poʻe kipi Islamist. ʻAʻole i kūʻē ʻia nā kākoʻo o ka pāpāho no nā haunaele e nā keʻena e like me PRIO, kahi i loaʻa ai nā hopena kūpilikiʻi.
ʻO ka ʻaha kūkā makahiki o PRIO
ʻO ka hā, ʻo ke komo ʻana o PRIO i nā ʻaha kūkā ʻimi noiʻi maluhia a me nā kūkā kamaʻilio Pugwash i nā makahiki 1980 a me 1990 i hoʻololi ʻia e ke komo ʻana i nā ʻaha kūkā ʻepekema politika o US. ʻO ka hālāwai kūkā nui no PRIO i kēia manawa ka ʻO ka ʻĀina Hoʻohui ʻĀina International (ISA), mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki maʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada me nā mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 6,000 poʻe - mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā mai ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ua koho ʻia ka pelekikena o ISA no hoʻokahi makahiki a he ʻAmelika ʻo ia mai 1959 me kahi mau hoʻokoe wale: I ka makahiki 2008-2009, he pelekikena ʻo PRIO's Nils Petter Gleditsch.
Ua hui pū ʻia nā mea noiʻi ma PRIO me nā kula nui a me nā keʻena noiʻi ma United States, e like me ka Brookings Institution a me ka Jamestown Foundation (hoʻokumu ʻia i
1984 me ke kākoʻo o ka Luna CIA i kēlā manawa ʻo William Casey). Ua lilo a hoʻonui ʻia ʻo PRIO i "ʻAmelika" me nā mea noiʻi ʻAmelika he nui. Makemake wau e hoʻohui i ka Norewai Institute of International Affairs ( NUPI ), ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka «ʻEulopa».
Mai Vietnam a Afghanistan
ʻO ka lima, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ma PRIO he nīnau no nā ʻokoʻa hanauna. ʻOiai ka hanauna o kaʻu hanauna i nā 1960s a me nā 1970s 'US-i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā coups a me ka pōpilikia ʻana o Vietnam a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o miliona o ka poʻe, ua kahakaha ʻia ke alakaʻi ʻana o PRIO e ke kaua Soviet ma Afghanistan a me ke kākoʻo a US no nā kipi Islam i ka hakakā kūʻē aku i ka Soviet Union . I nā makahiki 1990 mua, ua alakaʻi ke alakaʻi o PRIO ʻo Kristian Berg Harpviken i alakaʻi no ke Kōmike ʻo Afghanistan Afghanistan ma Peshawar (ma Pakistan kokoke i Afghanistan), kahi i noho ai nā hui kōkua i nā makahiki 1980 me nā lawelawe ʻike a me nā Islamist radical.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Hillary Clinton i ka makahiki 2008 he kuʻikahi politika i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā makahiki 1980 no ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā Islamist radical - e like me kāna kākoʻo ʻana i ka poʻe Islamist ma Libya ma 2011. Akā i nā makahiki 1980, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me aia ka CIA ma hope o ke kaua ma Afghanistan ma o kā lākou kākoʻo ʻana i ka haunaele i ka wā mua o Iulai 1979, me ka manaʻo e hoʻopunipuni i nā Soviets i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kā lākou mea kōkua ma Kabul. Ma kēia ala i loaʻa ai iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa “ka manawa kūpono e hāʻawi i ka Soviet Union i kāna kaua Vietnam”, e ʻōlelo ai i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka pelekikena Pelekikena Carter ʻo Zbigniew Brzezinski (e ʻike hou ma hope ke kākau ʻōlelo ʻo Defense Robert Gates) ʻO Brzezinski nō ke kuleana o ia hana. I nā 1980, ʻaʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ua kūʻēʻē ʻia ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Soviet i ke kaua.
No ka hanauna hou ma PRIO, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā poʻe kipi Islam ma ke ʻano he kōkua i ka hakakā me Moscow.
ʻO nā ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mana
Ua kākau wau i kaʻu palapala kauka i ka makahiki 1980 ma ka US Maritime Strategy a me ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa geopolitics. Ua paʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano he puke i 1989 a aia ma ka papa kuhikuhi ma ka US Naval War College. I ka pōkole, he haumana au i ʻike i nā "ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mana." Akā maʻamau, ua ʻike wau i ka wā mua o ka 1980 kahi manawa kūpono no kahi detente ma waena o nā mana mana nui e like me Willy Brandt, a ma hope ʻo Olof Palme ma Suetena, ʻike iā ia. Ma hope o ke kaua anuanu, ua kūkākūkā mākou me nā diplomats e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena kūpono i ka mahele komohana hikina ma ka North North. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka mea i lilo i ka Barents Region Cooperation.
I ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻoponopono pū wau i kahi puke Pelekania me ke poʻo inoa ʻO ka ʻĀpana Barents, me nā hāʻawi mai nā mea noiʻi a me ke Kuhina Nui ʻē aʻe o Norewana Johan Jørgen Holst a me kāna hoa hana Lūkini ʻo Andrei Kosyrev - me kahi ʻōlelo mua e ke Kuhina Nui o nā ʻāina ʻē ʻo Thorvald Stoltenberg. Ua kākau wau a hoʻoponopono i nā puke e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka kulekele palekana o ʻEulopa, a ua hele pū i nā ʻaha kūkā a haʻi ʻōlelo hoʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO kaʻu puke e pili ana i nā geopolitics ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 1997 ma ka papa kuhikuhi ma ke Kula Nui ʻo Oxford. Ua komo wau ma ke ʻano he loea kīwila i ka hoʻokolokolo hoʻokele lawena lawena o Suedena ma 2001, a ma hope o kaʻu mau puke e pili ana i nā hana kai moku i ka makahiki 2001 a me 2004, he kuleana nui kaʻu hana no ka hōʻike Denemaka kūlana ʻO Denmark ma ka wā Cold (2005). Ua kuhikuhi ʻia i kaʻu, a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo nui o CIA ʻo Benjamin Fischer, nā puke a me nā hōʻike, ʻo ia nā makana nui i ka ʻike o ka papahana a Pelekikena Reagan no nā hana psychological.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kaʻu puke "submarine book" (2019) hou i Pepeluali 2020 ma NUPI, ʻaʻole ma PRIO, me nā ʻōlelo a ka luna mua ma nā hui ʻelua, ʻo Sverre Lodgaard.
Hiki ke poʻo o ka noiʻi
Ma hope o koʻu koho ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he Polopeka noiʻi (mea noiʻi 1, ʻelua like me ʻelua doctorate) i ka makahiki 2000, ua kākau wau i nā puke a me nā ʻatikala a loiloi i nā ʻatikala no ke Kula Aupuni Kennedy ma ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard a me ka Royal United Service Institute. Ua noho wau ma ke kōmike aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo no kahi puke pai ma ke Kula ʻEkekema o Ladana a ma ka papa o ka Hui ʻInikua ʻInikua Nordic. I ka 2008, ua noi wau no ke kūlana hou ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka noiʻi ma NUPI. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka luna hoʻomalu ʻo Jan Egeland nā māka ʻona i koi ʻia. Ua koho ʻia kahi kōmike kūwaho e loiloi i nā mea noi. Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻekolu wale nō o lākou i kūpono i ke kūlana: he kanaka noiʻi Belgian, ʻo Iver B. Neumann ma NUPI, a ʻo wau iho nō. Ua loaʻa ʻo Neumann i kēia kūlana - ma ke ʻano he ʻimi naʻauao loa i ka honua ma waena o "International Relation Theory".
ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻoiai ua loiloi ʻia wau ma ke ʻano he kūpono e alakaʻi i nā noiʻi āpau ma ka Norewai Institute of International Affairs, ua makemake koʻu luna hoʻomalu ma PRIO e hoʻokau ma luna oʻu i "luna aʻoaʻo". Hiki paha i nā ʻike e like me kēia ke keʻakeʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe mai nā ʻano ʻano hana koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka noiʻi ka hana maʻalahi. Hoʻomohala mau ka poʻe noiʻi i kā lākou palapala kākau e pili ana i nā manaʻo mai nā hoa hana kūpono. Hoʻouna ʻia ka palapala i kahi puke noiʻi a i ʻole mea paʻi puke, i ʻae i kā lākou mau luna inoa inoa ʻole e hōʻole a ʻae paha i ka haʻawina (e nā "loiloi hoa"). Pono kēia i nā hana hou aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole lawa kēia kuʻuna moʻomeheu meticate no ka hoʻokele a PRIO. Makemake lākou e nānā i nā mea āpau aʻu i kākau ai.
ʻO kahi ʻatikala ma Modern Times (Ny Tid)
Ma Ianuali 26, 2013, ua kiʻi ʻia wau i ke keʻena o ka luna hoʻokele ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi op-ed e pili ana iā Suria i paʻi ʻia ma ka pule Norewai Ny Tid (Modern Times). Ua haʻi aku wau i ka ʻelele kūikawā UN i Suria, ʻo Robert Mood, a me ke kuhina nui o UN ʻo Kofi Annan, nāna i ʻōlelo ua ʻae nā lālā paʻa mau o ka ʻaha kūkā no ka "noho politika ma Suria" ma Iune 5, 30, akā na na mokuaina Komohana i sabotae ia "ma ka halawai mahope" ma Nu Ioka. No PRIO, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kaʻu ʻōlelo ʻana iā lākou.
Ma ka 14 Pepeluali 2013, ua noi mai ʻo PRIO iaʻu i kahi leka uila e ʻae i "nā hana hōʻoia hōʻoia [e] pili ana i nā paʻi paʻi āpau ʻia, me nā huaʻōlelo pōkole e like me nā ʻaoʻao hou [sic]". Hāʻawi ʻia wau i kahi kanaka nāna e nānā i kaʻu mau pepa ʻatikala a me nā op-ed ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana mai ka hale. ʻO ia e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kūlana ma ke ʻano he "luna politika". Pono wau e ʻae ua hoʻomaka wau i ka pilikia e hiamoe.
Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa iaʻu ke kākoʻo mai nā polopeka ma nā ʻāina he nui. Ua ʻōlelo ka uniona kālepa Norewai (NTL) ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi rula kū hoʻokahi no hoʻokahi limahana. Akā ʻo kēia kūpaʻa e kāohi i nā mea āpau aʻu i kākau ai, ikaika loa i hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e ka kaomi o ko ʻAmelika. ʻO kahi moho no ke kūlana ma ke ʻano he Kauka aʻoaʻo palekana no Pelekikena Ronald Reagan, me nā ʻōlelo kānalua ʻole, e hoʻomaopopo iaʻu i ka mea aʻu i kākau ai "he hopena ka hopena" naʻu.
ʻO ka manawa i hele aʻe, lilo i ʻano ʻē. Ke hāʻawi wau i kahi haʻi'ōlelo no nā keʻena kulekele palekana, ua hoʻopili koke ʻia kēia mau keʻena e kekahi poʻe i makemake e kāpae i ka haʻi ʻōlelo. Ua aʻo wau inā e hāpai ʻoe i nā nīnau e pili ana i ke kūpono o nā kaua US, e kaomi ʻia ʻoe mai ka noiʻi a me nā keʻena media. Ua kipaku ʻia aku ka mea kākau moʻolelo loiloi kaulana a ʻAmelika ʻo Seymour Hersh The New York Times a laila ma waho o ʻO ka New Yorker. ʻO kāna mau ʻatikala e pili ana i ka luku My Lai (Vietnam, 1968) a me Abu Ghraib (Iraq, 2004) he hopena nui i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā Hersh ke paʻi hou i kona ʻāina home (e nānā i ka pukana o Modern Times a me kēia kumukanawai Whistleblower p. 26). ʻO Glenn Greenwald, ka mea i hana pū me Edward Snowden a nāna i hoʻokumu pū ʻO ke kuʻina, ua kipaku ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia mai kāna makasina ponoʻī i ʻOkakopa 2020 ma hope o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻana.
Kākoʻo uniona kālepa
Ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi kūlana paʻa ma PRIO i ka makahiki 1988. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kūlana paʻa a me ke kākoʻo mai kahi ʻiona kālepa ʻo ia paha ka mea nui loa no nā mea noiʻi e makemake ana e mālama i kekahi kekelē o ke kūʻokoʻa kula. Wahi a nā kānāwai a PRIO, loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi āpau i «ke kūʻokoʻa piha i ka manaʻo». Akā me ka ʻole o kahi uniona hiki ke kākoʻo iā ʻoe ma ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana e hele i ka ʻaha, ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo iki a ka mea noiʻi.
I ka puna o 2015, ua hoʻoholo ka hoʻokele a PRIO e haʻalele wau. Ua ʻōlelo au ʻaʻole na lākou kēia a pono wau e kamaʻilio me kaʻu ʻuniona, NTL. Pane maila kaʻu luna kiʻekiʻe loa he mea ʻole ia ka mea a ka ʻuniona i ʻōlelo ai. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e pili ana i koʻu hoʻomaha loa ʻana. I kēlā me kēia lā, no hoʻokahi mahina piha, hele mai ʻo ia i loko o koʻu keʻena e kūkākūkā e pili ana i koʻu hoʻomaha loa ʻana. Ua ʻike wau he hiki ʻole ke kū i kēia.
Ua kamaʻilio wau me kahi lunahoomalu o ka papa PRIO, ʻo Bernt Bull. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia "ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hālāwai ʻana me ka hoʻokele hoʻokahi wale nō. Pono ʻoe e lawe i ka hui me ʻoe ». Mahalo i kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana NTL naʻauao, i kūkākūkā me PRIO no nā mahina, ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻaelike i Nowemapa 2015. Ua hoʻoholo mākou e haʻalele wau i Mei 2016 no ka hoʻomau ʻana ma ke ʻano he Professor Professor Emeritus "ma PRIO" me ke komo piha ʻana i " kamepiula, kākoʻo IT-, e-leka uila a me ke kiʻi i ka hale waihona puke e like me nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe ma PRIO ”.
E pili ana i koʻu hoʻomaha loa ʻana, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka seminar «Aliʻi, Aliʻi a me PSYOP» i Mei 2016 ma Oslo. Ua hāʻawi mai kā mākou ʻaelike iaʻu i ke komo ʻana i ke keʻena ma hope o koʻu haʻalele ʻana. I loko o kahi hālāwai me ka luna hoʻomalu ma 31 Malaki 2017, ua noi ʻo NTL e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kaʻu ʻaelike ākea o ke keʻena a hiki i ka hopena o 2018, no ka mea ua loaʻa iaʻu ke kālā kūpono. Ua haʻi ka luna PRIO e pono e kūkākūkā me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo. I ʻekolu mau lā ma hope mai, ua hoʻi ʻo ia ma hope o kona huakaʻi ʻana i Wakinekona i ka hopena pule. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia o ka ʻaelike. Ma hope o ka hoʻoweliweli hou ʻana o NTL me ka hana kū kānāwai, ua ʻaelike mākou.
